Ukufuna Komntu Ngentsingiselo
Ukufuna Komntu Ngentsingiselo -okanye Ein Psychologe erlebt das Konzentrationslager, ngesihloko sayo sokuqala kwisiJamani-yingcamango ye-existentialist ebhalwe yi-filosofi yase-Austrian, ugqirha wengqondo, i-neurologist kunye nombhali uViktor Frankl. Lo msebenzi wapapashwa okokuqala ngowe-1946, eVienna. Ukuqaliswa kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu yorhwebo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ukuba umshicileli ashicilele olunye uhlelo. Noko ke, ayizange iphumelele ukodlula owandulelayo.
Kamva yafumana ezinye iinkupho, enye ngowe-1955 yaza enye ngowe-1959, zombini ngesiNgesi nangezinye iilwimi, kuquka iSpanish, apho yaguqulelwa njengeliguqulelwe ngokuthi. Ukusuka kwinkampu yokufa ukuya kwi-existentialism. Nangona kunjalo, Kwaba ngo-1961 apho lo mbhalo udumileyo wafumana udumo kwihlabathi lonke ngohlelo lweBeacon. Cofa loo nto inesihloko Umntu Ukhangela intsingiselo o Ukufuna Komntu Ngentsingiselo.
Isishwankathelo se Ukufuna Komntu Ngentsingiselo
Ukufuna Komntu Ngentsingiselo ubalisa ibali leminyaka emithathu —phakathi kowe-1942 nowe-1945— ukuba uViktor Frankl wachitha kwiinkampu zoxinaniso ezine ezamiselwa ngexesha IMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Eyona ndawo iphawuleka kakhulu yiAuschwitz, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkampu yokutshabalalisa. Apho, uFrank, oogxa bakhe kunye nabahlobo kwafuneka bajamelane nezona meko zilusizi nezithob’ isidima umntu anokuzifumana.
Yonke imihla, amabanjwa ayengamaxhoba kunye namangqina okusebenza ngenkani, ukuphathwa gadalala ngokwasemzimbeni, ukwahlukana ngokwasengqondweni, ukungondleki, kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukufa. Kwimeko yentlekele enjalo, amadoda ayenokhetho ezimbini kuphela: abhenele ethembeni kwaye bathande ukuzakha kwakhona ngaphakathi, okanye uvumele iinyani ukuba zijike zibe abantu abaziphatha ngakumbi lwanyana kunokuba njengabantu.
Ubume bomsebenzi
Ukufuna Komntu Ngentsingiselo ifunyenwe yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: isigaba sokuqala, sesibini nesesithathu. Kuzo nganye kuzo, umbhali uzama ukuphendula enye yeengongoma eziphambili zencwadi., eliguqulela ngolu hlobo: “Ubomi bemihla ngemihla kwinkampu yoxinaniso buyichaphazela njani ingqondo nengqondo yebanjwa eliqhelekileyo?”
Inqanaba lokuqala: Ukuvalelwa ebaleni
Yonke le nto iqala kwibali lendlela amabanjwa ayeqikelela ngayo ukuba ayeza kusiwa kweyiphi inkampu yoxinaniso. Ngokwahlukileyo koko abantu abaqhelekileyo bakukholelwayo, abo babevinjwe inkululeko babevalelwe kumacandelo amancinane, kungekhona kwiidolophu ezinkulu.
Amadoda oyika kakhulu, nangona kunjalo Babeqinisekile ukuba ikamva labo liya kuba lelona libi kakhulu: igumbi legesi. Umbhali uthi phantsi kwezi meko babecinga ngokubuyela ekhaya kwiintsapho nezihlobo zabo kuphela.
Ngeso sizathu, Ekuhambeni kwexesha, akukho mntu wayesoyika ukwenza imilinganiselo yokuziphatha okanye imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Akukho namnye owabhenela ekuzisoleni xa wayelungiselela ukuba elinye ibanjwa lithabathe indawo yalo lize lifumane ishwangusha elalilungiselelwe omnye umntu.
Ngeli nqanaba lokuqala, amabanjwa ayenethemba lokusindisa oogxa bakhe okanye abahlobo nabo ababekuloo meko. Kodwa, Kancinci kancinci baqonda ukuba banokuzama kuphela ukukhusela imikhosi yabo.
Inqanaba lesibini: Ubomi ezilalini
Emva kokuxhatshazwa okungaka, ukusebenza ze, nezihlangu njengeyona ndlela yokunxiba, kwavela ukungakhathali. Ngeli xesha amabanjwa ayenohlobo lokufa, ukudlula kweemvakalelo zawo ezisisiseko.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu baba zizidalwa ezingenamfesane. Izithonga eziqhubekayo, ukungabi nangqiqo okwakulawula amaziko oxinaniso, intlungu, ukungabikho kokusesikweni ... kwadambisa izazela zabo kunye neentliziyo zabo.
Umlinganiselo wokungondleki abawubonisayo wawungachananga. Babevunyelwa ukuba batye kanye ngosuku., yaye zazingekokutya okunexabiso elikhulu, singasathethi ke ngokulunywa kwazo kwakuphantse kube yintlekisa: yayiliqhekeza lesonka namanzi esuphu, awayengabancedi ukuba bahlale bomelele “ngeentsuku zabo zokusebenza.”
Loo meko yawuthoba umnqweno wakhe wesini. Oku akuzange kubonakale nasemaphupheni abo, kuba ekuphela kwento ababecinga ngayo yayiyindlela yokuphila.
Inqanaba lesithathu: Emva kwenkululeko
Entolongweni, uViktor Frankl wagqiba kwelokuba, ukusinda ekubandezelekeni okunzulu ngolo hlobo njengalowo babhencwa kuye kwakuyimfuneko ukubala ngezinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: uthando, injongo kunye into engenakuguqulwa isigwebo malunga nendlela, ukuba awukwazi ukutshintsha imeko, kufuneka utshintshe ngokwakho. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, ugqirha wengqondo waqalisa ukuhlalutya i-psychology yebanjwa elikhululweyo.
Xa iflegi emhlophe yavuswa ekugqibeleni ekungeneni kwe iinkampu zoxinaniso wonke umntu wayelahlekile. Abazange bonwabe kuba babecinga ukuba loo nkululeko yayiliphupha elihle ababenokuvuka kulo nanini na. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthe ngcembe baqhelana nesiqhelo esithile kwakhona. Ekuqaleni, abaninzi babhenela ekufundiseni ugonyamelo, de baqonda ukuba akukho nto yoyika ngakumbi.
Malunga nombhali, uViktor Emil Frankl
UViktor ngokuphandle
UViktor Emil Frankl wazalwa ngo-1905, eVienna, eOstriya. Wakhulela kwintsapho yamaYuda. Ngexesha lakhe eyunivesithi wazibandakanya kumaqela obusoshiyali, waza waqalisa ukubonisa umdla kwingqondo yomntu. Loo mnqweno wamkhokelela ekubeni afunde kwiFaculty of Medicine kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna., apho waphinda wafumana iincutshe ezimbini ezikhethekileyo, enye kwezengqondo kunye neyokusebenza kwemithambo-luvo. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe wasebenza eVienna General Hospital.
Wasebenza apho ukusuka kwi-1933 ukuya kwi-1940. Ukususela kuloo nyaka uphelileyo wamisa iofisi yakhe, ngexesha elifanayo njengokulawula isebe le-neurology kwiSibhedlele saseRothschild. Nangona kunjalo, akuzange kube kudala ngaphambi kokuba ithuba lakhe lithathe inguqu engalindelekanga: Ngowe-1942, lo gqirha wagxothelwa kwinkampu yoxinaniso yaseTheresienstadt kunye nomfazi nabazali bakhe. Ngowe-1945, xa wanikwa inkululeko ekwakukudala eyilindile, wafumanisa ukuba bonke abantu awayebathanda bafile.
Ezinye iincwadi zikaViktor Frankl
- UViktor Frankl, Ubukho bukaThixo obungaziwa. Ukudibanisa kunye namagqabantshintshi (1943);
- I-Psychoanalysis kunye ne-existentialism (1946);
- Phezu kwayo yonke into, yitsho ewe ebomini (1948);
- Ithiyori kunye nonyango lwe-neuroses: Intshayelelo kwi-logotherapy kunye nohlalutyo olukhoyo (1956);
- Intando yentsingiselo: iintetho ezikhethiweyo zelogotherapy (1969);
- I-Psychotherapy kunye ne-humanism (1978);
- I-logotherapy kunye nohlalutyo olukhoyo (1987);
- Unyango lwengqondo ekufikeleleni kuye wonke umntu: Iinkomfa zikanomathotholo ngonyango lwengqondo (1989);
- Indoda ehluphekayo: Iziseko zeAnthropological of psychotherapy 2 (1992);
- Ujongene nokungabikho kokungabikho (1994);
- Yintoni engabhalwanga kwiincwadi zam: iinkumbulo (1997).