Rhoqo ngonyaka usuku lwencwadi lubhiyozelwa ngo-Epreli 23. Lo ngumhla apho iivenkile ezininzi zeencwadi zibonelela ngezaphulelo kwaye zilungelelanise imisebenzi emininzi enxulumene noncwadi.
Nangona kunjalo, usuku lwencwadi lunemvelaphi, ukusukela ngoko khange ibhiyozelwe unaphakade. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba uyintoni kwaye kutheni ubhiyozelwa ngalo mhla kwaye unetyala kubani ukuba kukho umhla onjalo, funda ukuze ufumane.
Imvelaphi yosuku lwencwadi
Usuku lwencwadi lukhumbuza ukukhuthazwa kokufunda, ukuyilwa kwamabali kunye nokukhuselwa kwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. konke oku kunxulumene nencwadi kwaye ibibhiyozelwa ngaloo ndlela iminyaka emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, uyazi ukuba yayiyintoni imvelaphi yayo?
Abantu abaninzi abayazi loo nto ibhiyozelwayo USuku lweeNcwadi kwiHlabathi liphela lubangelwe ngumSpanish. Ewe, ngokuchanekileyo. Lo mbhiyozo uqale kwisindululo esivela eSpain kwaye kwade kwayiminyaka kamva, ngo-1988, xa i-UNESCO yathatha isigqibo sokuba iza kuba ngumbhiyozo wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngapha koko, bekungekho ngo-1989 apho yaqala ukubhiyozelwa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa yayisenziwa eSpain kwaye yayisenza oko ixesha elide.
Ngubani owadala usuku lwencwadi?
Nanini na xa kusithiwa u-Epreli 23 ngumhla wencwadi, isizathu sokuba ibhiyozelwe ngalo mhla hayi kolunye ucingelwa. Kwaye nangona ndiza kuwuphendula lo mbuzo kwicandelo elilandelayo, ndifuna ukuba wazi into eyaziwa ngabantu abambalwa kakhulu: ngubani owadala umhla wencwadi?
Kuba ewe, bekukho umntu owayefuna ukunika usuku lwencwadi "usuku lwayo", ngalo mzuzu xa abantu abaninzi baphela benencwadi ezandleni zabo. Y loo mntu yayinguVicente Clavel Andrés. Wayengumqambi womhla wencwadi.
UVicente wenza i-Cervantes yokuhlela ngo-1916 eValencia. Ngaphandle kokuba ngumhleli, wayeyintatheli, umbhali kunye nomguquleli. Kwiminyaka emibini, wafudusa indlu yokupapasha wayisa eRambla e-Barcelona, indawo ephambili apho waqala wadibana khona nezifundiswa zedolophu kwaye waba ngumhlobo nabaninzi babo. Ukongeza, iincwadi azipapashayo zitsala umdla, ezinje ngekaJosé Enrique Rodó.
Ngo-1923 wanyulwa njengomphathi-mongameli wokuqala weQela eliSemthethweni leNcwadi yaseBarcelona. Kwaye apho aqala ukucebisa ukuba incwadi ibenomhla wokubhiyozela. Uyenzile kabini, kwangalo nyaka waqeshwa kwaye ngo-1925. Kwakule ngcebiso yesibini ke leyo Ufumene u-Alfonso XIII ukuba atyikitye iSigqibo saseRoyal apho kwamiselwa khona ukuba kuzakubakho uMnyhadala weNcwadi waseSpain.
Ewe khange ibhiyozelwe nge-23 ka-Epreli, kodwa ukusuka nge-1926 ukuya kwi-1930 yabhiyozelwa ngo-Okthobha u-7, kukuzalwa kukaCervantes. Kwaye, kamva yadluliselwa kumhla wangoku ongakhange ushukume ngaphandle kwizihlandlo ezimbalwa, nokuba kungenxa yemfazwe yamakhaya, okanye ngokungangqinelaniyo neVeki eNgcwele.
Ngo-1995 kwabakho elinye inyathelo elaphuma kwiNkomfa Jikelele ye-UNESCO, eParis, apho kwagqitywa khona Bhengeza umhla wama-23 ku-Epreli "njengoNcwadi lweHlabathi kunye noSuku lweLungelo lokushicilela" ngoku eyaziwa njengoSuku lweeNcwadi kwiHlabathi liphela. Ngapha koko, phantse kuwo onke amazwe ibhiyozelwa ngaloo mini, nangona kukho abathile abangavumelaniyo.
Umzekelo, kwimeko yeIreland okanye iUnited Kingdom, ukubhiyozelwa kwayo kungoLwesine wokuqala wenyanga yoKwindla (ngaphandle komhla othile) nalapho bathi nguMhla weeNcwadi kwiHlabathi liphela. Elinye ilizwe elibhiyozela ngomhla owahlukileyo yi-Uruguay. Bazimisele ukuba umhla wama-26 kuCanzibe ngowona mhla ubalaseleyo wokusekwa kwethala leencwadi loluntu lokuqala. Okanye imeko yeParaguay, ebhiyozela uSuku lweeNcwadi ngoJuni 25.
Ngo-2001, iUNESCO yaqala ukukhetha unyaka nonyaka incwadi eyinkunzi, indlela yokuxhasa ishishini leencwadi kodwa ikwakhuthaza inkcubeko kunye nokukhuselwa kwelungelo lokushicilela. Eyokuqala ngo-2001 yayiyiMadrid. Kwaye kulo nyaka u-2020 ibiyiKuala Lumpur (eMalaysia).
Kutheni kwakukhethwe uAprili 23?
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, Usuku lwencwadi lwalubhiyozelwa ngo-Okthobha 7, ekwindla. Kodwa kwiminyaka kamva yatshintshelwa ku-Epreli 23.
Ngokwenyani, esinye sezizathu zokuba lo mhla utshintshwe kwinqanaba lemozulu. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ngo-Okthobha imozulu ayinakulunga. Maninzi amathuba okuba ingqele kunye nemvula ziya kuwugubungela umbhiyozo, kwaye kuya kubakho ukuthengisa okuncinci. Esinye isizathu kungenxa yokuba kwakukho amathandabuzo amaninzi malunga ngqo nomhla wokuzalwa kukaCervantes. Ngapha koko, ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo, nangona eyona ivakala kakhulu yile ka-Okthobha 7. Kodwa akukho mntu unokuqiniseka ukuba idatha.
Ke ngoko, eminye imihla yathathelwa ingqalelo. Kwaye ukusukela ekuzalweni kukaCervantes kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukulungisa eyokuqala, bagqiba kwelokuba bakhokelwe ngumhla wokufa kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, benze impazamo kwiingcezu zolwazi:
Kwelinye icala, kuba bekukho ukubhideka kunye nemihla. Kuba UMiguel de Cervantes Saavedra akazange afe ngo-Epreli 23, kodwa ngo-Epreli 22 Ngomhla wama-1616 wangcwatywa. Ke ngoko, sele kukho ukungangqinelani.
Ukongeza, kwaye njengempazamo yesibini, kuthiwa bobabini uCervantes (omnye wababhali abaphambili baseSpain) kunye noShakespeare (omnye wabakhulu base-United Kingdom) basweleka kwangolo suku lunye. Eyimpazamo nayo. UWilliam Shakespeare wasweleka nge-23 ka-Epreli kwikhalenda kaJulian. E-Spain kwasetyenziswa i-Gregorian, eyayiza kuphawula ukuba umhla wokufa kwakhe wawungo-Meyi 3, 1616.
Ke ngoko, oko bekusoloko kuthathwa njengosuku lwencwadi, ebhiyozelwa ukukhumbula ukusweleka kwababhali ababini ababalaseleyo abasweleka ngemini enye, kukusilela.
Nangona kunjalo, loo nto ayikuthinteli amanye amagama ababhali abakhulu abazelwe okanye abafa ngo-Epreli 23 ukuba banikwe. Amagama anjengoInca Garcilaso de la Vega, uVladimir Nabokov, uTeresa de la Parra, uJames Patrick Donleavy, uJosep Pla, uMaurice Druon, uManuel Mejía Vallejo, uKarin Boye ... ababhali abakhulu kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo bafanelwe ukwamkelwa ngolu suku. Kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula abanye abantu abakwaziyo ukwenza amabali ngengqondo yabo.