UMartian.
Yincwadi yamabali esayensi ebhalwe ngumqambi wesoftware kunye nomchwephesha wekhompyuter, uAndy Weir. Umartian ibonelela ngokufunda ngokutyibilikayo, ngaphandle kweenkcukacha zesayensi ezikhoyo kuwo onke amaphepha ayo angama-400. Amaziko oyilo lwe-botanist kunye neenjineli ezingoomatshini, uMark Watney, ongomnye wabantu abathandathu bokuqala ukuhamba kumphezulu weMars kwimbali yomntu. Ukufunda le ncwadi kuyakhumbula, phantse kwangoko, uHG Wells owaziwayo.
Xa inkcazo iqala, umlinganiswa ophambili uqinisekile ukuba uya kuba ngumntu wokuqala ukufela apho, eMars.. Oku emva kokushiywa ngabahlobo bakhe (ababekholelwa ukuba ufile) ngenxa yesaqhwithi esomeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, umbono omfiliba uyasilela ukwaphula ukuthanda kukaWatney. Enkosi kumthamo wakhe omkhulu wokuba nesibindi, ubukrelekrele kunye nokuhlekisa okuhle, umlinganiswa uyakwazi ukwenza ithuba lokuphila. Esi sisincomo ekucetyiswa ukuba senzelwe abantu abancinci, kokubini kwisakhiwo sayo kunye noseto lwayo olukhulu.
Sobre el autor
UAndrew Taylor Weir wazalelwa eDavis, eCalifornia, e-USA, ngoJuni 16, 1942. Kwasebutsheni wabonisa izakhono zakhe zenkqubo yekhompyuter. Ufunde isayensi yekhompyuter kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia (San Diego) kwaye ebutsheni bakhe wayesebenzela iinkampani ezihlonitshwayo ezinje nge-AOL okanye iBlizzard, phakathi kwabanye. Ngaxeshanye, wakhulisa ukuthanda kwakhe ukubhala, njengoko kungqinwa lupapasho kwiwebhusayithi yakhe.
Umartian yincwadi yakhe yokuqala. Yayishicilelwe ngokwayo kwifomathi yokuhambisa (isitayile sebhlog) ngo-2011. Emva kohlengahlengiso oluninzi-phantse konke kusekwe kwiingcebiso zorhwebo-umbhali wathengisa amalungelo kwiCrown Publishing. Le nkampani yayijongene nokuphinda ikhuphe ngempumelelo kwaye isasazwe (ngesiNgesi) ukusukela ngo-2014. Kwakuloo nyaka inguqulelo yaseSpain yasungulwa phantsi kwelebheli ye-Ediciones B-Nova.
Uninzi lokujonga okujikelezileyo Umartian bebeqinisekile. Ukongeza, ukuthandwa kwesihloko kuye kwanda kakhulu ngenxa yokuziqhelanisa nescreen esikhulu, sikhokelwe nguRidley Scott, kwiskripthi esenziwe nguDrew Goddard kunye neenkwenkwezi ezikumgangatho wehlabathi ezinjengoMat Damon kwindima kaMark Watney ejongene noJessica Chastain. emele uMlawuli uLewis, phakathi kwabanye.
UAndy Weir
Isishwankathelo seMartian, nguAndy Weir
Isiqalo esibuhlungu nesibuhlungu
Konke kuqala nge-protagonist emngciphekweni wokufa kwaye ishiywe ngaphandle.. Xa iisenzi zesuti kaMark Watney zibonisa ilahleko ekhawulezileyo yeoksijini embindini wesitshingitshane esinamandla, oogxa bakhe kwi-Ares 3 mission (eyokuqala eyenzelwe uMars kwimbali) abanakumnceda kwaye banyanzelwa ukuba bamshiye, Bakholelwa ukuba ufile ... Ngelishwa, yimpazamo engazibandakanyiyo: UWatney usaphila.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifundiweyo
Ngaphandle kwemizuzwana yokuchitha, umlinganiswa ophambili kufuneka akhawuleze afumane indlela yokutywina isuti yakhe, eyahlatywa yi-eriyali enye eyirhuqela kude neqela. Yoyisa umqobo, ngenisa UHab, isikhululo sixhotyiselwe ukuhlala okwethutyana kwabantu kumphezulu weMartian. Kodwa izizathu zokuba nethemba ziyahlekisa: ibingowokuqala kuphela kwilayini enkulu yeengxaki ekufuneka kujongwene nazo.
UMarko kufuneka asebenzise lonke ulwazi lobunjineli ukuze aphile. kunye nokugqiba ulungiso oluninzi olubalulekileyo elebhu apho anyanzeliswa ukuba ahlale ngaphezulu konyaka onesiqingatha. Ukongeza, uqeqesho lukaWatney njenge-botanist-owona msebenzi wakhe uphambili- ufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo ekudaleni iimeko zenkcubeko yabangaphandle.
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-nexus kunye nomhlaba
Okulandelayo, uMarko kufuneka acacise indlela esebenzayo yokunxibelelana noMhlaba.. Ngaphaya kwenyanga emva kwengozi, abasebenzi be-NASA bafumanisa ukuba uWatney ukwazile ukusinda, kodwa inyani yakhe intekenteke kakhulu (ikakhulu ngenxa yokutya, ndingasathethi ke ukuba ukuhlangulwa ngexesha kuya kuba nzima kangakanani).
Isibhengezo kumajelo eendaba nakuluntu sikhokelela kwisiphithiphithi semithombo yeendaba esiza kuhamba nayo yonke imishini ukusukela ngalaa mzuzu ukuya phambili.. Ngokomgaqo, abanye abahlali be Hermes -Inqanawa ephethe uthutho lweplanethi- abaxelelwa ngokusinda kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iimeko ezinobuzaza zeqabane labo abalishiyileyo lifile.
Ukuhlangulwa
Uguquko lwenzeka xa uMlawuli u-Lewis kunye namanye amalungu amane e-mission (Vogel, Beck, Johanssen kunye noMartínez) befunda ngale meko. Ke - ngesenzo esinokutolikwa njengombingelelo kunye "nentlawulelo" - Iqela livota ngazwinye ukwenza uhlangulo olunzima lwe "comrade eshiye ngasemva". Bayakwenza oku nokuba isigqibo sabo sithetha ukolula uhambo okungenani unyaka.
Izakhelo ezifanayo, ihaki enkulu
Uvuthondaba luqulathe "amabali angaphakathi" alo. Umzekelo, igalelo elibalulekileyo lenkqubo yendawo yaseTshayina, abagqiba ukupaka inkqubo eyimfihlo ukuze basebenzisane ngaphandle kokubuza nantoni na. Kodwa ixesha lifutshane: Ukutya okubonakala ngathi kukhuselekile kukaWatney kuyatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yengozi e UHab.
Uhlalutyo kunye nokuthelekisa nokulungelelaniswa kwefilimu
Ukuphathwa kancinci kweenkcukacha ngeenkwenkwezi
Amazwi ambalwa abalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kukaWeir asekwe kwindlela encinci yesayensi ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ngeenkwenkwezi. Ezinye izimvo zide zifaneleke njenge "ziyadanisa" le nkalo yencwadi kwaye, ngakumbi ifilimu. Injalo ke impikiswano yokuvezwa sisazi ngeenkwenkwezi uBeatriz García kuhlalutyo lwakhe UMartian: malunga nesinema kunye nesayensi (Inethiwekhi yezeMfundo ngeSayensi yezeNkwenkwezi, 2015).
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuyazi into yokuba- mhlawumbi- ndingene nzulu kwinkcazo yeengxaki zomzimba kunye nezibalo, ukufundwa kwe Umartian isenokungonwabisi Uluntu jikelele ... Mhlawumbi ayisosizathu esivakalayo xa kuthelekiswa neengcamango ezibonakalayo zefilimu I-Interstellar (2016), eyafumana ulwamkelo oluhle kakhulu phakathi kwabaphulaphuli, abagxeki kunye nososayensi.
Ingxelo ethandekayo
Ngayiphi na imeko, kukho into engenakuphikwa yokubalisa amabali ngaphakathi kwebali likaMark Watney: wit. Kuphela kungokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwendlela yesayensi apho umlinganiswa ophambili ophumeleleyo kwiplanethi ebomvu. Ngaphandle koko, ukuhlala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-XNUMX ngaphandle kokutya okwaneleyo namanzi akunakwenzeka. Ngaphandle koko, umlinganiswa ophambili uqala ibali ngokwenzakala okubonakalayo esinqeni, into engakhuthazi kakhulu.
Umlinganiswa ophambili wamkela umfundi nebinzana elenza ukuba ikhonkco likhawuleze: "Ndixakiwe." Ngenxa yoko, ukufaneleka kombhali kukugcina umdla wokwazi iinyani kwiphepha elilandelayo, oku kusekwe kwithuku lomntu elinamandla: umnqweno wokunceda omnye umntu osengxakini. Yakha imvakalelo yomanyano (nditsho naphakathi kwearhente yendawo yokuchasana) ichazwe ngokucacileyo nangokungaguquguqukiyo kuyo yonke incwadi.
UAndy Weir ucaphula.
Umntu osebenza kakuhle
Ukwengeza, Ukunyaniseka kukaWatney, impoxo, ubukrwada kunye nokuqonda okuhlekisayo kwenza ukuba isenzo sakhe sibe ngumxube ophikisanayo, phantse ukuzibulala. Kwesi siqendu sinye kunokwenzeka ukuba uzive unethemba, ukuzimisela kunye nokuzithemba kwe-protagonist kunye namabinzana anje ngala "ukuba ndiyaqhuma, andizukufumanisa." Zonke ezi zinto ziyila-ngaphandle kovelwano-ukufunda okulikhoboka.
Ewe, phakathi komfanekiso ophazamisayo wengqondo owenziwe kukufa okusondeleyo okungqongwe sisizungu sentlango engumkhenkce enobutshaba, kukho indawo yoxinzelelo. Ngaloo mizuzu, ophambili utsala intsimbi engakumbi kunye nokuhlekisa ngaye ukuze azikhuthaze ukuba ahlale ekhuthele kwidabi lokuphila.
Isiphelo ngaphandle kwenkunkuma
Ukuvalwa kwebali sisangqa esifanelekileyo. Ewe, kugcina ulindelo luye kwelona liphezulu, kunye neengcinga ezithandekayo kaWatney ngelixa esenza ezona zinto zigqithisileyo zokugcina ubomi bakhe, ngokuchasene nazo zonke iingxaki. Ngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe apha ngasentla, Umartian Yincwadi eneempawu ezininzi eziyimfuneko ekucetyiswa kakhulu.