Uluntu lokudinwa (Herder, 2010) sisincoko somntu ocingayo uByung-Chul Han. Uye waba yi umthengisi ogqibelele ngokuba ngumsebenzi ofanelekileyo, obhalwe ngokucacileyo, apho uluntu luye lwabonakaliswa. Ubungqongqo balo mbhali waseMzantsi Korea obhala ngesiJamani bumbeke njengomnye wababhekisi banamhlanje bengcinga yaseNtshona.
Le ncwadi yingxelo ebonisa ukuqonda ebhenca ububi obukhulu benkulungwane entsha kunye newaka leminyaka: ukudinwa okubangelwa sisingqisho sethu sobomi kunye nokuzimisela kolonwabo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kolonwabo esiye sacinga kwaye silawula ubomi bethu. Esi sisincoko sangoku ngokugqithisela kwepositivity.
Uluntu lokudinwa: ukugqithiswa kwepositivity
kude kuphele
Uluntu lokudinwa yincwadi yefilosofi ebhalwe ngolwimi olucacileyo, kodwa ilandela imephu yendlela yabantu abacinga kakhulu abanjengoNietzsche, uHeidegger okanye uKafka. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uHan unika eyakhe ukuthatha kutshintsho lwale mihla malunga noluntu, uqoqosho, kunye nempilo. Loyena ndoqo kwithisisi yakhe ikwikhondo elikhawulezayo esilithathayo elikhokelela ekudinweni.. Luhlobo lokuxhwilwa, kodwa ngeStockholm syndrome. Umbhali uyacacisa ukuba abo basibambezelayo sithi ngokwethu. Uluntu lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX luzimisele ukufikelela kumda kuyo yonke into oluyenzayo, ngakumbi kwizinto ezibhekiselele kwintsimi yabasebenzi. Imveliso kunye nokusebenza kuye kwaba ngundoqo wobukho bethu, kwaye yonke enye into ijikeleza kuyo. Into esikwaziyo ukuyinikela kwihlabathi yinjini yemihla yethu, nokuba sifikelela ekudinweni ngenxa yayo.
UHan ufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba umsebenzi ongayekiyo apho umntu aphantsi kwakhe utsibe kumcinezeli ukuya kwabacinezelweyo.. Okwangoku, abaphathi abakhohlakeleyo abasafuneki ukuba babambe abasebenzi babo beqinile, kuba ngoku ngabasebenzi abazibhokoxayo ukuze babe ngabona babalaseleyo kwaye bafezekise iinjongo kunye neenjongo ezithatha lonke ixesha labo. Uluntu ludiniwe, kodwa lukwisimo esinganelisekiyo sokusoloko sinikela ngakumbi, kuba bekukholelwa ukuba yonke into inokwenzeka. Ukuba ufuna unakho kwaye olo hlobo lweengcebiso. Ungasoloko uvelisa ngakumbi, kwaye ube ngoyena ubalaseleyo kwinto oyenzayo. Koku, ubukhapitali, obuyinkqubo yezoqoqosho ekhoyo eNtshona, bunokuthetha okuninzi.
Imveliso ye-Pathological kunye ne-positivity
Indlela eveliswa ngayo i-neoliberalism yezoqoqosho ngunobangela othe ngqo wokuba umntu akalufumani uxolo ekuphumleni, ekuphumleni. Okanye ukuba andiyazi nokuba yintoni kuphumla, Inyaniso. Kuba umntu uyavelisa, arhole, achithe, aze avelise kwakhona. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, wonke umntu ubonakala eneentloni ngokuziva enetyala ngelo xesha lobuxoki lokuphumla elisekho.. Yiloo nto ekhokelele kwiingxaki ze-pathological abantu abahlupheka ngazo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Le ncwadi ikhankanya ukuphazamiseka okuxhaphakileyo okunjengokudakumba, ukunqongophala kwengqwalasela, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukuphazamiseka kobuntu bomda okanye i-occupational burnout syndrome okanye utshe waphela.
Eras ezahlukeneyo, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, izimvo umbhali kwi Uluntu lokudinwa. Ngaphandle kokudlula kubhubhani wehlabathi wamva nje, eli xesha alinaso isoyikiso siphambili kwimpilo yomzimba, kodwa kwimpilo yengqondo. Ukongeza kwezi pathologies zikhankanywe ngasentla, uhlobo lobomi esibuphilayo ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kwetekhnoloji entsha (engasekho ntsha kangako) ibangele ubukhoboka obutsha, okanye ubhubhane. Abantu banengxaki yokunikela ingqalelo, ukufumana uxolo lwengqondo ekuzihlaziyeni okusempilweni, okanye ukuxabisa ubugcisa. Ukukruquka kufikelele esiphelweni, kunye nako, ukudana okanye ukwamkelwa kobubi. Ngokuchasene noko, i-positivity ilawula, ubuxoki, kwelinye icala. Ngenxa yokuba amadoda nabafazi baye baba ngamakhoboka omsebenzi kunye nenkqubo. Baye bayamkele into yokuba ukuba abaphumeleli kungenxa yokuba bengaziniki ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko baziintsilelo.
Izigqibo
Uluntu lokudinwa yingxelo yentanda-bulumko enengqiqo ethetha ngokuphandle ngenye yeengxaki zale nkulungwane yama-XNUMX: ukudinwa okuyimveliso yenkqubo yobukapitali. Ingongoma uHan ayiphakamisayo kukuba uluntu luye lwaba likhoboka ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba luyinkosikazi yalo.. Ngoku abantu baphila ubomi obutofotofo, bayanyanyekelwa iimfuno zabo, banemfundo ephakamileyo, amawakawaka ezinto ezintle, okanye banokutyhutyha ihlabathi ngokulula ngendlela ongazange uyicinge kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka edluleyo. Uluntu lixhoba lenkqubo, okanye yintoni efanayo, ixhoba ngokwalo. Kuba ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nkqubela phambili, indlela yakhe yesiqhelo imenze waba libanjwa eliqinisekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle..
Sobre el autor
UByung Chul-Han wazalelwa eSeoul ngo-1959.. Wafunda iFilosofi kwiYunivesithi yaseFreiburg kunye noNcwadi lwaseJamani kunye neTheology kwiYunivesithi yaseMunich. Ungugqirha emva kokugqiba ithisisi ngoMartin Heidegger kwaye usebenze njengotitshala kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo zaseJamani. Ungumbhali weencwadi ezininzi ezipapashiweyo ngesiSpanish UMhleli woMhleli. Nangona wafika eJamani emncinci kakhulu engalwazi ulwimi, olu lulwimi alusebenzisayo ngoku kwimisebenzi yakhe eyaziwayo kwingcamango yaseNtshona yexesha lethu..
Ezinye iincwadi zombhali zezi: Ukugxothwa okwahlukileyo, uluntu lwasepalatine, Ubungxowankulu kunye nephulo lokufa, Ukunyamalala kwezithethe, ukuzonwabisa okulungileyo, Dumisani emhlabeni, Intliziyo kaHeidegger, ubuso bokufa, hegel namandla, ukufa kunye nokunye, hyperculturality, malunga namandla, Usindiso lwabahle.