Ukufota: Maria Montesinos. Iwebhusayithi yombhali.
UMaria Montesinos inenoveli entsha ebizwa ngokuba isigqibo esingenakuthintelwa. Kule udliwano ndlebe Usixelela ngaye nokunye okuninzi. Ndiyabulela ixesha lakho elininzi kunye nobubele bokundinceda.
UMaria Montesinos - Udliwano-ndlebe
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Incwadi yakho yamva nje inesihloko isigqibo esingenakuthintelwa. Usixelela ntoni ngayo kwaye uluvo luvela phi?
UMARIA INTABASMNA HAYIS: Umbono wale noveli yavela kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, ngexesha lohambo oluya kwimigodi yaseRiotinto, eHuelva. Ndityelele imyuziyam yemigodi apho kuboniswa indlela iidiphozithi eziye zaxhatshazwa ngayo kunye neemeko ebezisenziwa phantsi kwazo; Ndakhwela kuloliwe omdala wemigodi ongqamene nomlambo iRiotinto, ebomvu njengegazi, ondlela yayo iphelela kwizibuko laseHuelva, ndaza ndahamba kwiindledlana zendawo eyayikade iyidolophu. eyayisakuba yikoloni yaseBrithani apho abasebenzi beNkampani yaseRio Tinto babehlala khona, umnini wemigodi phakathi 1873 kunye ne1954. Urhulumente waseSpain, owayedinga inkunzi ngelo xesha ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, wayethengise umhlaba kunye ne-subsoil yomhlaba apho imigodi yobhedu ecebileyo yaseHuelva yayifumaneka kwinkampani yaseBrithani.
Yo bendingazi elo bali, kunye nenyaniso yokuba ukuba kwakukho ithanga laseBritani apho ezakhiwe ngokomfanekiselo nangokufana nobomi ababebuphila eUnited Kingdom—nezindlu ezincinane okanye izindlu ezisemaphandleni, iklabhu yamaNgesi, ibala lentenetya—. Njengakwamanye amathanga ayenawo ehlabathini lonke, amaNgesi bahlala befulathele abantu basezilalini besuka kwimigodi yaseRiotinto nakwezinye iidolophu eziyingqongileyo, bazivalela kunye nezithethe zabo ezingqongqo zamaVictoria, bekwanti kubantu baloo mmandla—“abemi bomthonyama” ababebajongela phantsi—kwiindonga ezazijikeleze elo thanga.
Ndithe ndisazula zula landawo ndaqala ndazibuza bebezakuba njani abo bantu, ubomi babo bebuzakuba njani apho, ukuba kwakuza kuba njani ulwalamano lwakhe nabantu baloo mmandla, yaye ndacinga ukuba kukho ibali elimnandi apho. Yayinazo zonke izithako: inkangeleko yomhlaba ekrazukileyo, impixano phakathi kwenkampani enamandla yaseRio Tinto kunye nabasebenzi basezimayini, ingxaki yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo olubangelwa ngumsi ophuma kwimisebenzi yemigodi eyachaphazela ngokunzulu abemi beelali, kunye nokungquzulana phakathi kweenkcubeko ezimbini. ., iindlela ezimbini zokuqonda ihlabathi.
Nangona kunjalo, Ngelo xesha, ndandingekazinikeleli ekubhaleni, yaye andizange ndizive ndikulungele ukujongana nencwadi entsha eyamiselwa ngexesha, eloBuyiselo lobukhosi, endandingalwazi kangako ngelo xesha. Kwakuyiminyaka eliqela kunye neenoveli ezimbalwa kamva apho ndandicinga ukuba ixesha lakhe lifikile kwaye wayekwazi ukubalisa elo bali wayenalo entloko.
Le noveli ibekwe phakathi ko-1887 kunye no-1888., umhla onethamsanqa eRiotinto, kuba eyokuqala ukubonakaliswa yabantu basekuhlaleni ngokuchasene nokungcoliseka kwe imisi yesalfure, eyadutyulwa ngumkhosi womkhosi.
- AL: Ngaba uyazikhumbula naziphi na izifundo zakho zokuqala? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?
MM: Ewe kunjalo. Bendingumfundi obalaseleyo ukusukela ndisengumntwana. Iinkumbulo zam zokuqala zokufunda zezo fascicles zenoveli ezinkulu ezinemifanekiso evela kwindlu yopapasho yaseBruguera: Ivanhoe, nguWalter Scott; UMichael Strogoff, uJules Verne; inkosana nehlwempu, nguDickens… Ndahamba notata saya eRastro de Madrid ndazithengela.
Ndinenkumbulo ecacileyo yesnacks zam zasemva kwesikolo, ndihleli etafileni ekhitshini nesandwich esandleni kwaye ndifunda i-fascicle evulekileyo yeevignettes phambi kwam. Emva koko ndandingumfundi obalaseleyo wazo zonke iingqokelela zolutsha zelo xesha, Abahlanu, IiHollisters, njalo njalo, yaye ukusuka apho ndaya kuso nasiphi na isihloko esathi satsala ingqalelo yam kwithala leencwadi laseLas Rozas, apho sasihlala khona. Ndayifunda yonke into, ndayithanda. Ndathatha umbhali kwaye ukuba ndiyamthanda, ndazitya zonke iincwadi zakhe: Ndiyakhumbula Pearl S Buck, Agatha Christie, okanye ababhali be 50s-60s inoveli yothando ukuba umakhulu wam wayenaso kwithala lakhe leencwadi njengaba dade Linares Becerra (Luisa kunye Concha) okanye UMaria Teresa Sese.
La ibali lokuqala ndilibhalile Kwakuxa ndandineminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu Inoveli yolutsha ukuba ndingenise kukhuphiswano loncwadi kwidolophu yam, ewe, andizange ndiluphumelele. Ndiyigcina ekhaya xa ndiphinda ndiyifunda ndiva umxube wokuthantamisa neentloni.
- AL: Umbhali oyintloko? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo.
MM: Ngokwenene, andinguye "umbhali" ongashukumiyo. Izinto endizithandayo ziye zatshintsha ngokwezigaba zobomi bam kunye nokuvela kwam kokufunda, ndiyacinga. Kwakukho ixesha apho ndandithanda sigrid undset, UMilan Kundera, uJavier Marias, uSoledad Puertolas, uYosefu Saramago… Bekusoloko kukho kakhulu UCarmen Martin Gaite, endicinga ukuba ndifunde yonke into, kuquka iidayari zabo (ndingumlutha kwiidayari zababhali). Okwangoku, iireferensi zam zitshintshe kakhulu. Ndibathanda kakhulu Edith Wharton, Elizabeth Strout, Siri Husvedt, ibali lakhe kunye nezincoko zakhe, Almudena Grandes kunye noSara Mesa, umzekelo.
- AL: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza?
MM: oh! Ndiza kuqhatha kancinci: the UHenry James oko kubonisa Colm Cobin en Inkosi. Ndalukuhlwa ngokupheleleyo, nangona ukufunda kwam uHenry James kumbalwa kakhulu. Bendingathanda ukudibana naye.
- AL: Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imikhwa okanye imikhwa xa kufikwa ekubhaleni nasekufundeni?
MM: Hayi, Andinawo amageza amakhulunokubhala okanye ukufunda. Mhlawumbi xa ndibhala ndifuna ukuthula nokuba ndedwa, kodwa ndiye ndaqinisekisa ukuba ndingabhala ngaphandle kwaloo miqathango mibini.
- AL: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?
MM: Ndine desktop ekoneni yendlu yam ethe yanda ngamaphepha, iincwadi kunye neencwadi zam ide ibe yindawo entle yegumbi. Ndidla ngokuhlala phantsi ndibhale emva kokutya yonke imva kwemini, yonke imihla. Ndiziva ndiphaphile ngakumbi, ndisebenza ngakumbi.
- AL: Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo?
MM: Ewe, ndizithanda kakhulu iinoveli zabacuphi kunye needayari zababhali, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili.
- Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?
MM: Okwangoku ndiyafunda Ubusika obuhlanu, de UOlga Merino, elibalisa iminyaka yakhe njengonobhala eSoviet Union ngeminyaka yee-90. Ndimthanda kakhulu, ngenxa yesimbo sakhe sokubhala nangenxa yokuba ndiye ndazi kancinane malunga nomlingiswa welizwe elingaziwayo. kwaye engaqondakaliyo kum.
Kwaye malunga nokubhala, ngoku ndinjalo ukujikeleza amabali amabini, kodwa andibhali nto okwangoku.
- AL: Ucinga ukuba imeko yokupapasha injani kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokuba uzame ukupapasha?
MM: Ndicinga ukuba indawo yokupapasha ihlala intsonkothile, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Ngoku kukho upapasho oluninzi, iindaba azihlali neeveki ezimbini kwiishelufa zeencwadi, kwaye kubabhali, abachitha ixesha elininzi besenza ibali, ngamanye amaxesha kuyadimaza.
Ndaqalisa ukuzipapasha iinoveli zam ngo-2015 kuba ndandingazi mntu kwicandelo lopapasho kwaye iireferensi zam ezivela kubahlobo abapapashe nomshicileli zazingekho mhle kakhulu. Bakhalazela ukuvinjwa kwemibhalo-ngqangi ixesha elide, ukungaphenduli, maxa wambi impatho-mbi engahlonelwayo.
Ndibe nethamsanqa ukuba inoveli yam yokuqala yokuzipapasha kwi-Amazon Isebenzile kakuhle kakhulu ngokwentengiso kunye nophononongo, kwaye andizange ndicinge ngokuthumela nantoni na kubapapashi bade banxibelelana nam malunga nenoveli yamva nje endayipapashayo ngelo xesha, inoveli yothando yembali ebekwe eSpain ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. , eComillas (Cantabria), neyathi kamva ipapashwe phantsi kwesihloko se Isiphelo sam, eyokuqala yetrilogy, eyayiza kulandelwa Umnqweno obhaliweyo y isigqibo esingenakuthintelwa, ixesha lamva.
Ngoku ukuba ndipapasha kunye nompapashi onje nge-Ediciones B ye-Penguin Random House, ndimele nditsho ukuba amava am kunye nabo abe mahle, angenakulinganiswa. Ndiziva ndinelungelo ngenxa yoko.
- AL: Ngaba umzuzu wobunzima esijamelana nawo unzima kuwe okanye uya kuba nakho ukugcina into elungileyo kumabali exesha elizayo?
MM: Kunzima kuba ndikwela qela likhulu labantu aba ukudimazeka kusiphumelele kancinane, ukucaphuka, maxa wambi kwanexhala. Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho into eya kuhlala ngaphakathi kum kwixesha elizayo, kodwa ngoku, ekuphela kwento endiyinjongo yokubhala kwam ukuba kude kangangoko kunokwenzeka endijikelezayo.