ULeon Tolstoy wasweleka njenganamhlanje ngo-1910. Kucingwa njengenye ye ababhali abakhulu bembali, de ubuntu obunamandla Umkhuseli omkhulu weNkosi ifilosofi yokungabikho kobundlobongela, Ngaphandle kokuba yemifuno kunye ne-anarchist. Ngokunokwenzeka ecaleni kwe UFyodor Dostoyevsky, yincwadi yenoveli yaseRussia engapheliyo, enezihloko ezinje Imfazwe noxolo o UAna Karenina. Ukuyikhumbula apho baya khona 25 amabinzana akhethiweyo yengcinga yakhe nomsebenzi.
ULev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
Uzalelwe kwi usapho lweengcungcu, UTolstoy wayifumana eyakhe Impumelelo yokuqala yokubhala Kwiminyaka yakhe yamashumi amabini anesiqingatha se-autobiographical trilogy enesihloko Ubuntwana, ubuntwana kunye nolutsha y Amabali aseSevastopol, ngokusekwe kumava akhe ngexesha leMfazwe yaseCrimea. Lakhe Umsebenzi weentsomi ubandakanya amabali amafutshane kunye neenoveli ezimfutshane ezininzi njengaye Ukufa kukaIvan Ilyich, Ukonwaba kosapho o UHadji murad (sele eswelekile). Uye wabhala i-theatre kunye nezincoko ezininzi zefilosofi, iziqhamo ze Impembelelo yomFrentshi uJean Jacques Rosseau.
Ezinye izihloko zazikho IiCossacks, Polikushka, Ii-hussars ezimbini, ukuvuma isono, uBukumkani bukaThixo bukuwe okanye uvuko. Kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo abo iyasebenza ingqungquthela fueron Imfazwe noxoloIngqungquthela enkulu yokuhlaselwa kweRashiya nguNapoleon ngo-1812, kwaye UAna Karenina, zombini zapapashwa ngezavenge ekuqaleni zaze zalungiselelwa ifilimu nomabonwakude kumaxesha amaninzi.
Amabinzana angama-25 kaTolstoy
Malunga nothando, ezopolitiko, ifilosofi, inkolo okanye ukubhala.
- Imali luhlobo olutsha lobukhoboka, olwahlula kwendala kuphela kukuba ayisiyomntu, ukuba akukho budlelwane babantu phakathi kwenkosi kunye nekhoboka.
- Inye kuphela indlela yokonwaba: ukuphilela abanye.
- Ukonwaba kwam kukuba ndiyayazi indlela yokuxabisa into endinayo kwaye ndingakunqweneli kakhulu oko ndingenako.
- Kuya kufuneka ndiziqhelanise nenyani yokuba akukho mntu uyakuze andiqonde. Oku kufanele kube sisiphelo esiqhelekileyo sabantu abanzima.
- Phambi kokuba unike abantu ababingeleli, amajoni kunye nootitshala, kuya kuba lithuba lokwazi ukuba abalambi.
- Xa ndicinga ngabo bonke ububi endibubonileyo nababuhlungu ngenxa yentiyo yesizwe, ndiye ndizixelele ukuba konke oku kuxhomekeke kubuxoki obuthiyiweyo: ukuthanda ilizwe.
- Urhulumente ngumbutho wamadoda enza ubundlobongela kubo bonke abanye abantu.
- Ndiqondile ukuba intlalo-ntle yam inokwenzeka kuphela xa ndibona ubunye bam nabo bonke abantu behlabathi, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
- Wonke umntu ucinga ngokutshintsha umhlaba, kodwa akukho namnye ucinga ngokutshintsha yena.
- Kulula ukubhala imiqulu elishumi yemigaqo yefilosofi kunokusebenzisa nje omnye wemigaqo yayo.
- Akukho bukhulu apho kulula khona, ukulunga nenyaniso kusilela.
- Ndiyakholelwa ukuba nangona kuyinyani ukuba zininzi iingqondo njengeentloko, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zothando njengoko kukho iintliziyo.
- Ukuba ufuna ukonwaba, yiva.
- Zonke iindidi, wonke umtsalane nawo wonke ubuhle obukhoyo kweli hlabathi benziwe kukukhanya nesithunzi.
- Ndiqondile ukuba intlalo-ntle yam inokwenzeka kuphela xa ndibona ubunye bam nabo bonke abantu behlabathi, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
- Awona maqhawe mabini anamandla onokuthi uthembele kuwo ngumonde nexesha.
- Amabhongo ahambelani ngokulunga, kodwa ngekratshi, ubuqhetseba kunye nenkohlakalo.
- Akukho ukungabi nambulelo kuvala intliziyo enkulu, akukho ukungakhathali kuyadinisa.
- Yonke into endiyaziyo ndiyayazi kuba ndiyayithanda.
- Intlonipho yaqalwa yagcwalisa isikhewu esimele sizaliswe luthando.
- Xa uthanda umntu, uyamthanda umntu abayiyo, hayi lo mntu ungathanda ukuba abenguye.
- Lowo wazi kuphela umfazi wakhe kwaye emthandile uyazi ngakumbi ngabafazi kunaye owaziyo iwaka.
- Ukubhala incwadi elungileyo ebomini bakho bonke kunokwanela. Kwaye ufunde enye.
- Amabali amnandi awaveli kokulungileyo ngokuchasene nokubi, kodwa avela kulungileyo ngokuchasene nokulungileyo.
- Yonke imisebenzi, ukuze ilunge, kufuneka ivele emphefumlweni wombhali.