Icatshulwa nguCamilo José Celá
UCamilo José Cela ngomnye wababhali baseSpain abahonjisiweyo benkulungwane yama-XNUMX kunye nomfuziselo woncwadi lwasemva kwemfazwe. Ophumelele iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi, u-A Coruña obekekileyo wafumana lo mahluko ngenxa yeprozi ebalaseleyo ebonakala kwimisebenzi yakhe emininzi. Phakathi kwabo, Usapho lukaPascal Duarte (1942) imele isihloko esingaphephekiyo ngenxa yokugqwesa kwayo.
Le noveli ithathwa njengeyokuqala ye "tremendismo", isitayile esibalisayo esichazwa ngokuchaza imifanekiso ekrwada. ngolwimi olurhabaxa nangaphandle kweemeko ezithethelelayo. Ngokukodwa, ibali lobundlobongela likaPascal Duarte lenziwa ngumlimi wase-Extremadura owenza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezininzi kwaye kufuneka avele phambi kwenkundla.
Isishwankathelo se Usapho lukaPascal Duarte
Indlela yokuqala
Easter -Umbalisi womntu wokuqala- uqala ukubonakala kwakhe ngokuzibonakalisa njengomlimi oneminyaka engama-55 ubudala, Inzalelwane yaseTorremejía, ilali ekufutshane neBadajoz. Ngokuphumelelayo, unika iinkcukacha malunga nelali yakhe yokuzalwa nendlela uyise, umrhwebi, awayedla ngokumbetha ngayo yena nonina. Ngendlela efanayo, umama wakhe waba ndlongondlongo xa esela, ngoko umlingiswa oyintloko wakhetha ukuhamba.
Kwizahluko ezilandelayo, umbalisi uchaza abanye abalinganiswa. Okokuqala, uthetha ngoRosario, ikhoboka lotywala elikwishumi elivisayo elabaleka ikhaya laya kwidolophu yaseAlmendralejo. Apho, waba liqabane lenkunzi yenkomo enenkani egama lingu "El Estrao", awathi uDuarte waxambulisana nayo ngale ntombazana. Emva koko, ubalisa iziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zangoku (nezothusayo) zobomi bemihla ngemihla kuloo mmandla wasemaphandleni.
Phakathi kwemibuzo kunye neenkumbulo
Umbalisi uchitha iiveki ezimbini engabhalanga ngenxa yexesha enikezelwe kuluhlu lwemibuzo ekufuneka uyiphendule phambi kwabatshutshisi. Ngaphambili, wayesele ethethe ngamaqhinga awafaka isicelo sokuhlala nomfazi wakhe wexesha elizayo, uLola. Ngelo xesha, ucinga ukuba iya kuba njani imini yakhe kwi-corral okanye umjelo apho wayedla ngokuloba khona, endaweni yentolongo apho akhoyo.
Okwangoku, uPascal uyazi ukuba akanalo ixesha elininzi eliseleyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukhumbula nge-nostalgia ukuthandana kwakhe noLola, kunye nokukhulelwa kwakhe okwalandelayo okuphela komtshato wakhe. Emva koko, uchaza i-ins kunye nokuphuma komtshato wakhe kunye ne-honeymoon elandelayo eMérida.. Ebudeni belo xesha waba neengxaki ezithile kuba imazi yehashi awayeyikhwele yabetha ixhegokazi.
Indoda ephethe imela
Ukubuyela eTorremejía, uPascal wahlala esela nabahlobo bakhe kwithaveni ngoxa wayethumela uLola ekhaya. kwi tavern, U-Duarte utyholwa ngesela ngumntu amqhelileyo, ngenxa yoko, umlingiswa oyintloko wahlaba umnyelisi izihlandlo ezithathu. phambi kokuba ahambe nabahlobo bakhe baye ekhayeni lakhe. Ukufika kwakhe ekhaya, uNksk. Engracia wamamkela iindaba zokuqhomfa komfazi wakhe.
Ishwangusha lenzeka ngenxa yokuba umfazi waphoswa yimazi, ngenxa yoko, uPascal wabulala i-equine ngeemela. Emva konyaka omnye, ULola wakhulelwa kwakhona; kwiinyanga ezisithoba kwazalwa umntwana owabhaptizwa ngegama likayise. Kodwa umoya ombi wabangela ukufa komntwana xa wayegqiba iinyanga ezilishumi elinanye.
ubundlobongela buyaqhubeka
U-Duarte uchithe amaxesha amaninzi entywila kusizi olupheleleyo nolungenakuthuthuzeleka. Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, unina nomfazi wakhe babesoloko bekhalaza kuye. Okwangoku, uPascal uyeka ukubhala inyanga yonke njengoko engena kwimeko yokucinga yehlabathi esuka kwisisele sakhe. Ekugqibeleni, uthatha isigqibo sokuphinda athathe i-quill emva kokuvuma.
Imigca yakhe emitsha ikhumbula xa ethatha isitimela esiya eMadrid, apho wayesebenza khona iintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Emva kwelo xesha, waya eLa Coruña ngenjongo yokukhwela inqanawa eya eMelika. Noko ke, akazange akwazi ukukhwela inqwelo-mafutha kuba wayengenamali yaneleyo waza wakhetha ukubuyela ekhaya.
Isiphelo esothusayo
Xa esekhaya, umfazi wakhe umtyhilela ukuba umithiswe yenye indoda.. UPascal, enomsindo, unyanzelisa ukuba alivume igama lomkrexezi. Ekugqibeleni, ukhankanya "ukuzolula" imizuzwana phambi kokuwa wafa ezingalweni zikaDuarte. Ngalo ndlela, I-protagonist iqala ukuleqa ixesha elide yenkunzi yenkomo ade ayifumane aze ambulale.
Ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu UPascal wathothoza iminyaka emithathu entolongweni (enyanisweni, wayegwetywe amashumi amabini anesibhozo). Njengoko behamba, uRosario umxelela ukuba uEsperanza -Umzala wakhe- uyamthanda.
Yena nentombazana eselula bathandana baze batshate, kodwa umama kaDuarte uyaqhubeka nokwenza ubukho bakhe buzikwere ezincinci. Ngelo xesha, i-protagonist iyaqonda ukuba kufuneka ibulale unina ukuze ihlale ngoxolo.
Ubomi bombhali, uCamilo José Cela
NgoMeyi 11, 1916 wazalwa UCamilo José Cela kunye neTrulock, kwirhamente yaseIria Flavia, ixesha lasePadrón, eLa Coruña, eSpain. Wayelizibulo koonyana ababini bomtshato phakathi kukaCamilo Crisanto Cela noFernández, kunye noCamila Emanuela Trulock. kunye noBertorini (umama wakhe wayenokhokho baseBritani naseTaliyane).
okwishumi elivisayo obhukuqayo
Ngo-1925, intsapho yakwaCela Trulock yafudukela eMadrid. Kwikomkhulu, uCamilo omncinci wabhaliswa kwisikolo sase-Escolapios kwaye wabonakala engumfundi okhutheleyo. Kodwa kwakhona wenze izenzo ezinzulu zokungaluleki; Okokuqala, wagxothwa ngokujula utitshala ngekhampasi. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, waququzelela ugwayimbo kwisikolo iChamberí Marist waza wagxothwa kwakhona.
Isifo sephepha kuphela esabangela imvukelo yombhali wexesha elizayo. Ngowe-1931 wamkelwa kwisibhedlele saseGuadarrama ukuze anyange imeko yakhe. Wasebenzisa eli xesha lifihlakeleyo ukufunda ngokuzimisela nokubhala (amanye amanqaku ayavela indawo yokuphumla (1944). Ngo-1934, wakwazi ukuphumelela iimviwo zesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwiZiko laseSan Isidro ngenxa yenkxaso yootitshala babucala.
Iimpapasho zokuqala kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe yombango
Camilo Jose Cela
UCela wafunda ubugqirha phakathi kowe-1934 no-1936; nawe, Wayengumphulaphuli kwiiklasi zoncwadi zembongi uPedro Salinas. Ngelo xesha, umbhali oselula wavelisa iziqwenga ezininzi zemibongo. Uninzi lwaloo mibhalo yayiyinxalenye Ukunyathela ukukhanya kwemini okungathandabuzekiyo (1945). Xa kwaqhambuka iMfazwe Yamakhaya (ngoJulayi 1936 – ngoAprili 1939), uCamilo wayekwikomkhulu.
IiCoruñés, ezazibambelele ngokuqinileyo kwiinkolelo ezingqongqo, zafudukela kwicala labavukeli, babhaliswa, baya edabini baza benzakala eLogroño. Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuphela kongquzulwano lwemfazwe, ukupapashwa kwe Usapho lukaPascal Duarte y Yaba yeyona noveli yothusayo ngexesha layo.
Imitshato nesikhundla sezopolitiko
UCela wayetshatile phakathi kuka-1944 kunye no-1990 kunye noMaría Rosario Conde Picavea; kunye naye wayenonyana wakhe ekuphela kwakhe, uCamilo José (1946). Kamva, ngowe-1991, watshata noMarina Castaño López; esi sibini sahlala kunye de kwafa umbhali ngoJanuwari 17, 2002. Okwangoku, uCela wagcina isikhundla esisondeleyo kulawulo lukaFranco waza wahlala ePalma de Mallorca ukusuka kwi-1950s.
Ukongezelela, weza kutyelela abanye oozwilakhe—ngokomzekelo, njengoMarcos Pérez Jiménez waseVenezuela—waza wongamela iSpain-Israel Friendship Society (ngowe-1970). Ukongeza, wayengumseki woHlelo lweAlfaguara (1964), waba lilungu leRoyal Academy kwaye wafumana amawonga amaninzi. Phakathi kwabo:
- IBhaso leSizwe lokuBalisa (1984);
- Ibhaso laseSant Jordi leeLeta (1986);
- IMbasa yeNkosana yase-Asturias yeeLeta (1987);
- Ibhaso likaNobel kuNcwadi (1989);
- Imbasa kaMariano de Cavia yobuNtathelilwazi (1992);
- Imbasa yePlanethi (1994);
- Cervantes ibhaso (1995).
Uninzi lweencwadi ezibalaseleyo zikaCamilo José Cela
Lilonke UCela upapashe iinoveli ezili-14, amabali amafutshane angama-40 kunye neenoveli, iincwadi zokuhamba ezili-13, ii-anthologies zemibongo ezili-10 kunye neetekisi ezingaphezu kwama-40 ezahlukeneyo. phakathi kwamanqaku, izincoko, imidlalo, iimemori, iincwadana zefilimu kunye nezichazi-magama. Phakathi kwabo, Inyosi (1951) ugqalwa njengomsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa. Zikhankanywe ngezantsi ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kumsebenzi omkhulu wombhali waseSpain:
- uhambo oluya e-alcarria (1948), incwadi yokuhamba;
- UCadwell uthetha nonyana wakhe (1953), inoveli yeencwadi;
- ikatira (1955), inoveli;
- Windmill (1956), ibali elifutshane;
- Iinkumbulo, ukuqonda kunye nemiyolelo (1993), ibali le-autobiographical.