Niebla, nguMiguel de Unamuno

Inkungu (Ngo-1914), ngumbhali waseBilbao uMiguel de Unamuno, sisiqwenga esisisiseko kwizalathiso zenoveli ekhoyo yanamhlanje. Ngokuqinisekileyo, xa uhlalutya uphawu lwesitayile salo msebenzi, kufuneka uchonge amanqaku ohlobo olutsha olusungulwe, ngokuchanekileyo, ngu-Unamuno Inkungu.

Yi «nívola», ingxelo eyakhiwe ngeyona ndlela ingathandekiyo yabalinganiswa abaphambili. Phakathi kwezo ngxoxo zangaphakathi, zichazwe ngokweengcinga zenja kunxibelelwano lomlinganiswa ophambili kunye nomdali wayo. Ukongeza, Ukuphathwa kakuhle kweentsomi kunye nokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo, zenze Inkungu ubuncwane bokwenene boncwadi.

Sobre el autor

UMiguel de Unamuno wabona ukukhanya okokuqala eBilbao, eSpain, ngoSeptemba 29, 1864. Ngexesha lobuntwana bakhe wabona ubungqina obungqongqo bemfazwe yeCarlist. Kwiminyaka ye-1880 wagqiba isidanga sefilosofi kunye neeleta kwiYunivesithi yaseMadrid. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yayingutitshala wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo (wafundisa isiLatin kunye nesayikholoji), kodwa eyona njongo yakhe yayikukufumana isihlalo seyunivesithi.

Emva kwemizamo emininzi engaphumelelanga, ngo-1891 waqeshwa njengoNjingalwazi wamaGrike kwiYunivesithi yaseSalamanca (Kweso sixeko wayehlala ubomi bakhe bonke). Ngo-1901, waba ngumphathi wale ndlu yezifundo (eyokuqala kwelemithathu imigaqo emide). Olona phazamiso lude kwimisebenzi yakhe yaseyunivesithi lwenzeka ngexesha lolawulo lozwilakhe luka Primo Rivera (1924 - 1930), xa wayesiya elubhacweni eFrance.

Umntu

Ukungqubana okuphawulwe ngu-Unamuno kuyabonakala xa wayejonga iinguqu kwezobupolitika, kwiingxaki zakhe zokomoya nakwimisebenzi yakhe. Inyaniso, Wayengumntu ozimeleyo onobuqili obuninzi, ngokuhlala ephikisana naye. Ke ngoko, ayimangalisi into yokuba abe ngumlo kwi-PSOE okanye uvelwano lweengcinga zobusoshiyali ngexesha lobutsha bakhe.

Emva kwexesha, wayame ngakumbi kutyekelo lokuzimisela, esiza kuvelana nolawulo lukaFranco nangona waye wanyulwa njengosekela ngexesha leRiphabhlikhi. Nangona esiphelweni sobomi bakhe warhoxa kwesi sikhundla. Ke, Usweleke evalelwe ekhayeni lakhe ngoDisemba 31, 1936. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba asweleke, wathetha elinye lawona mabinzana akhe adumileyo phambi kwesihlwele:

"Uyakuphumelela kodwa awuzukukholisa."

Iimpawu zomsebenzi wakhe

Ilifa

Ubungakanani kunye nokubaluleka kwendalo yobugcisa buka-Unamuno kuthelekiswa kuphela nezinye izigebenga zoncwadi lwesi-Spanish lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ngendlela enye, wayengumlobi ophumeleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo: iprozi, imibongo, izincoko, umdlalo weqonga ... Kwelinye icala, lo mbhali waseSpain ebekwe ngokwembali ngaphakathi kwesizukulwana se-98.

Izihloko

UMiguel de Unamuno wayehlala engumntu ochaphazelekayo malunga nembali, uncwadi, ububi, ngoku kunye nekamva leSpain. Ngokufanayo, yayithanda kakhulu uhlaziyo lokomoya lwesizwe ngokwesiko elithambekele ekucamngceni. Ngaphakathi kwindalo yakhe eguqukayo wawaguqula amabango akhe ukuba abe "yiYurophu yaseSpain" ngokuthi "yiSpanishize iYurophu".

Enye into ethandekayo emsebenzini wakhe kukujonga kwakhe uxinzelelo kunye neengxaki zomntu. Ke ngoko, Umbhali waseBilbao ucacise iingxoxo malunga neengxaki ezinzulu ezikhoyo malunga nengxaki yanaphakade phakathi kwemeko yokuphela komntu. Kunye nobudlelwane bakhe noThixo kunye nokungafi komphefumlo okanye izimvo.

Uhlobo

Inkqubo yokuyila ka-Unamuno kunye nemiyalezo ethunyelwe kwiziqwenga zakhe zibonisa ngokuthembekileyo ubuntu bakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe ngumdibaniso ogqibeleleyo wobungqongqo obungqongqo kunye nobumnandi obuchazwe ngokuhlaziya okuhlaziyiweyo., kude neendlela zakudala. Ukongeza, umbhali waseBasque weza kuyila amagama amatsha okongeza uxinizelelo lweembono kunye nokuqina kwiimvakalelo.

Uhlalutyo kunye nesishwankathelo se Inkungu

Ungayithenga le ncwadi apha: Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo

Indlela

Incwadana ibalisa ngeemeko zika-Augusto Pérez, igqwetha elisisityebi eliselula elisandula ukuswelekelwa ngumama ongumhlolokazi. Njengomntwana okuphela kwakhe, umlinganiswa ophambili uziva edidekile ngokubhekisele kubukho bakhe. Impendulo yakhe nakweyiphi na imeko - ekucingelwa ukuba - kukucinga ngefilosofi, kodwa, ukuthetha inyani, izigqibo zakhe zihlala zingxamisekanga, zingaqwalaselwa kangako.

Ngaphandle kokuhlala eneemvakalelo ezintle, utyekele ekuziphatheni ngokungakhathali. Ngenxa yoko, u-Augusto "uzivumela ukuba aphile" endaweni yokuthatha ubomi bakhe. Ngesi sizathu, abakwazi ukuchonga kunye / okanye ukujongana neemvakalelo zabo xa bevela, ngakumbi, emva kokwaliwa yipiyano entle, u-Eugenia Domingo del Arco.

Phuhliso

Kwimeko yokuqala, eli bhinqa liselula lithandana ngelithi unesoka, uMauricio. Nangona kunjalo, xa uAugusto eqala ukuthandana noRosario Omnye wabakhonzazana bakhe— yena (okrokrisayo) ukhetha ukwahlukana neqabane lakhe. Emva koko, uRosario uyavuma ukutshata no-Augusto kwaye umiselwe umhla womtshato ozayo.

I ngxaki

kunjalo, Kungekudala ngaphambi komtshato, u-Eugenia wamazisa ngeleta eya ku-Augusto ukuba akazukuba ngumfazi wakhe. Endaweni yoko, ugqiba kwelokuba abuye noMauricio kwaye ahambe naye aye kweli phondo. Kule leta, le ntombazana icacisa ngezicwangciso zayo zokuzixhasa ngendleko zomsebenzi owawufunyenwe ligqwetha likaMauricio (owayonqena) nakwindlu awayebhatelwe yona nguAugusto.

Ngale ndlela, imbono yomfazi omangalisayo kunye nokulwa ukuba u-Augusto (kunye nomfundi) baphele xa imeko yakhe yokwenyani ibonakala. Ngokunjalo, Iimpawu zika-Eugenia njengexoki, ezinwabuzelayo, ezinobuqhetseba kunye nokwenza inzuzo ziyabonakala. Ujongene nokungcatshwa, ukuphuma komlinganiswa ophambili kukuzibulala.

Isityhilelo

Njengesenzo sokugqibela ngaphambi kokuzibulala, umlinganiswa ophambili uthathe isigqibo sokuya eSalamanca ukuya kutyelela u-Unamuno. Kunye nombhali, ubandakanyeka kwincoko yababini, apho uDon Miguel uvela kuThixo no-Augusto emele isidalwa. Okwangoku, isityhilelo esichithayo siyavela kwinxalenye ye-Unamuno-uMdali: u-Augusto Pérez akanyani. Igqwetha lingumlinganiswa wasentsomini onephupha elimiselweyo, ngaphandle kokubulala ngokuzibulala.

Okokugqibela, uAugusto uphikisana no-Unamuno kwaye ubanga ukuba ukho. Yintoni egqithisile, Imkhumbuza ngemeko yokufa engenakuphepheka yabo bonke abantu (kubandakanya uDon Miguel, abafundi kunye naye). Le ngxelo ishiya umbhali ecaphukile, othatha umhlala-phantsi ukuze aphumle ekhaya ... Ngelixa aleleyo, uThixo uyayeka ukuphupha uAgasto, ngenxa yoko, umlinganiswa ophambili "uyawa", oko kukuthi, uyafa.