ILazarillo de Tormes yenye yeencwadi ezithunyelwa kakhulu njengofundo olunyanzelekileyo ezikolweni nakumaziko emfundo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, xa abantwana befuna ukuncedwa, sifuna isishwankathelo esivela kuLazarillo de Tormes ukusinceda sicacisele abancinci yonke into efihliweyo kule noveli.
Ngaba uyafuna ukuba nesishwankathelo sikaLazarillo de Tormes? Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into efihlwa leli bali? Ewe, siya kukuxelela.
Ngubani owabhala uLazarillo de Tormes?
Ngokwenene Akwaziwa ukuba ngubani owabhala uLazarillo de Tormes. Ayaziwa nangona kukho abaphandi abaninzi kunye nababhali-mbali abaye banikezela ububhali kubabhali abahlukeneyo.
Omnye wabadala yayiyi-fraar uJuan de Ortega, echazwe ngumfundisi uJosé de Sigüenza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amagama amaninzi afana no-Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, uJuan okanye u-Alfonso de Valdés, uSebastián de Horozco, uLope de Rueda, uPedro de Rúa, uHernán Núñez, uMlawuli ongumGrike, uFrancisco Cervantes de Salazar, uJuan Arce de Otálora, uJuan Maldonado, UAlejo Venegas, uBartolomé Torres Naharro, uFrancisco de Enzinas, uFernando de Rojas okanye uJuan Luis Vives.
Ngaphandle kwawo onke la magama, awaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye abaphandi ngokwabo abavumelani malunga nokuba ngubani umbhali wangempela, ngoko uhlala engaziwa.
Ingaba ingantoni
I-Lazarillo de Tormes Isixelela ngeziganeko, kwasebuntwaneni bakhe, zikaLázaro, inkwenkwe ekhohlakeleyo ezama ukuphila kangangoko inako.
Enye ye-synopses esinokuyifumana kwiincwadi ezininzi (ekubeni kukho uhlengahlengiso olwahlukileyo), isixelela:
«ULázaro, unyana wesela kunye ne-acemilero, yinkedama eSalamanca. Uya kuba kwinkonzo yeenkosi ezahlukeneyo (indoda eyimfama, i-hidalgo ebhankini, umfundisi obawayo, i-Merced friar, i-phony buldero, njl. iindawo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu lwelo xesha kwaye zicamngce ngokuphoxayo ngombandela wembeko”.
Isiqwenga sencwadi sele sisenza sibone ukuba, nangona esebenzisa ulwimi oluphucukileyo, iqondwa kakuhle kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke loo picaresque inayo inkwenkwe iyaqondwa:
Ewe, yazisa i-VM yakho (iNceba yakho) phambi kwazo zonke izinto ukuba bandibiza ngokuba nguLázaro de Tormes, unyana kaTomé González no-Antona Pérez, abantu bomthonyama baseTejares, kwilali yaseSalamanca. Ukuzalwa kwam kwakungaphakathi komlambo iTormes, ngenxa yoko ndathatha isiteketiso, kwaye kwakungale ndlela.
Ubawo, wanga uThixo angandixolela, wayejongene nokubonelela ngelitye lokusila i-aceña, eselunxwemeni lwaloo mlambo, awayengumsila kuyo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu; wathi umama akuba ngobunye ubusuku ekwilitye lokusila, endimithisile, wamzala, wandizalela khona: ngendlela endinokuthi ngenene ndazalelwa emlanjeni. Kaloku, xa ndandiyinkwenkwana eneminyaka esibhozo ubudala, babembek’ ityala ubawo ngokopha kakubi kakuhle ezingxoweni zabo babeze kusila, nto leyo awayebanjelwe yona, waza wavuma, akazange akhanyele waza watshutshiswa ngenxa yokusesikweni. . Ndithembele kuThixo oseZulwini, kuba iindaba ezimnandi zithi banoyolo. Ngeli xesha umkhosi othile wenziwa ngokuchasene namaMora, phakathi kwawo kwakukho ubawo, owathi ngelo xesha wagxothwa ngenxa yentlekele ekhankanywe ngasentla, enesikhundla se-acemilero yendoda ehloniphekileyo eya apho, kunye nenkosi yakhe, njengendoda ethembekileyo. umkhonzi, wafa umphefumlo wakhe. "
Ngubani obalisa uLazarillo de Tormes
Umthombo: TimeToast
Kuya kufuneka uyazi loo nto ibali libaliswa ngumlinganiswa ngokwakhe, oko kukuthi, nguLázaro okanye uLazarillo, ochaza ubomi bakhe aze enze izinto zombini njengombalisi nanjengomlinganiswa oyintloko.
Lo mfanekiso uthetha ukuba umbalisi, nangona efuna ukutyhila iinyani ngendlela enenjongo, akaphumeleli, kuba emva kokuba yonke into inelizwi lomlingiswa oyintloko.
ULazarillo de Tormes: isishwankathelo esipheleleyo
Umthombo: Isikolo
Siza kulahlula eli bali libe ziinxalenye ezisithoba, ibe nye ngokwenkosi nganye umfana anayo. Ngale ndlela, kuya kuba lula kakhulu kuwe ukuyiqonda kwaye njengesishwankathelo sikaLazarillo de Tormes kuya kuba lula ukubona ukuvela komlingiswa.
Inkosi yokuqala: iimfama
KuLazarillo de Tormes, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yeyona nkosi yamkelwayo kwaye wonke umntu achonga ukuba yimfama. Kodwa ngokwenene yayiyiyokuqala kuphela.
Kule nxalenye yokuqala, ibali lisixelela ngobuntwana bukaLázaro, owazalelwa kwintsapho ehlupheka kakhulu ehlala kufuphi noMlambo iTormes, kungoko ifani anayo. Uyise lisela yaye ngenye imini wafa. Unina ongumhlolokazi, utshata nendoda emnyama enonyana nayo.
Kodwa bangamahlwempu kakhulu unina ugqiba kwelokuba anike uLazaro kwindoda eyimfama ukuba abe yinkosi yakhe kwaye amgcine.
Ingxaki yile indoda eyimfama ikhohlakele kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuyinika ukutya. Ke, ukutyhubela iminyaka, uLázaro ufunda ukuba ngokhohlakeleyo, akakholeki, lixoki, ubuqhophololo kunye namaqhinga ukuze aphile.
Emva kwempatho embi kaLázaro kunye nemeko engathandekiyo, uyaziqinisa aze ayishiye loo ndawo ecaleni kwenkosi yakhe eyimfama ukuya kufuna ubomi bakhe.
UMfundisi wesibini: Umfundisi
Kangangexesha elithile, uLazaro uya kuba engenankosi yaye ujika abe ngumngqibi. Kodwa, kancinci kancinci uba “ngumsebenzi” womfundisi esiba yinkwenkwe yesibingelelo kwizihlwele.
ULázaro wonwabile kuba ecinga ukuba imeko yakhe iza kuphucuka, kodwa uqalisa ukuqonda ukuba ulambile nangakumbi kunenkosi yakhe yokuqala.
Ufunda ntoni kule meko? Uhanahaniso nobuqhophololo obuzifihla ngabefundisi. Kwaye kukuba, ngaphandle, umfundisi uziphatha ngobubele, ububele ... Kodwa ngaphakathi, uLázaro uhlangabezana nazo zonke iinkalo ezimbi zaloo mntu.
Emva kokuba efumene indlela yokuphuma apho, enzakele kakhulu, ubalekela eToledo.
Inkosi yesithathu: i-squire
EToledo usinda kwiintsuku zokuqala ngezipho abamnika zona. kunini udibana nonondweba omnika umsebenzi.
ULázaro ucinga ukuba inokuba lithamsanqa kuba sithetha ngendoda enesikhundla esihle ekuhlaleni. Kodwa ukhawuleza aqonde oko inkangeleko iyakhohlisa nokuba i-squire, nangona ibonakala inewonga kunye nembeko, eneneni ihlwempuzekile njengoLazarillo.
Ngoko ke ekugqibeleni ugqiba ukubaleka kuye.
Inkosi yesine: iFraile de la Merced
I-Fraile de la Merced inconywa kuLázaro ngabamelwane abaninzi kwaye inquma ukumnika ithuba njengenkosi. Uyakuthanda ukuhamba umgama omde kwaye uzinikele kakhulu elunqulweni. Kuye uya kufunda ngokuziphatha kakubi njengoko engenavelwano kakhulu nabasetyhini.
Ukongeza, ufumana isipho sakhe sokuqala: ipere yezihlangu.
Nangona kunjalo, ULázaro uyadinwa kukuhamba kakhulu aze agqibe kwelokuba akumfanelanga. Ngoko uyayishiya.
Inkosi yesihlanu: ilitye elinqabileyo
I<em>buldero, ngelo xesha, yayisisikhundla seCawa yamaKatolika ngokwayo eyayisongamela ukuhanjiswa kwenkunzi yenkomo ukuze ifumane imali.
Ngaloo ndlela, ULázaro udibana kwakhona nobuqhophololo babefundisi, amaqhinga, imigibe… Ekubeni engayithandi loo nto, uhlala iinyanga ezine kuphela naloo nkosi kwaye ahambe efuna enye enyanisekileyo.
Inkosi yesithandathu: umzobi
Umzobi yincutshe engayi kubonwa ngabaninzi kuba ayihlali xesha lide. Kwaye into yokuba umzobi uphakathi "kwehlabathi ezimbini" yenza uLázaro angafuni ukuqhubeka naye.
Umfundisi wesixhenxe: Umfundisi
Kwimeko yomfundisi, uneenkumbulo ezintle ngaye, yaye kunjalo owokuqala aqala ukusebenza naye ufunda indlela yokuwenza, aze azenzele eyakhe imali.
Kodwa iimeko asebenza kuzo zibuhlungu, nangona ekwazi ukutshintsha imbonakalo yakhe, iimpahla zakhe, njl. Kangangeminyaka emine usebenza kwaye wonga kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngoko kamsinya nje akukufumana, uyayeka.
UMfundisi wesibhozo: Unothimba
Kunye nomsizi wesikhonzi kwenzeka into efanayo kumzobi. Akavumelani neengcinga zakhe, ezimbi kakhulu nezinxulumene nokufa kuLázaro ngokwakhe. Ngoko ke ekugqibeleni ugqiba ukuyishiya ngexesha elifutshane.
Inkosi yesithoba: umfundisi omkhulu waseSan Salvador
Owokugqibela kwiinkosi zikaLázaro ngumbingeleli omkhulu waseSan Salvador. Ngale nto ibali likaLazarillo liphela ekubeni umfundisi ngokwakhe umazisa kwisicakakazi athandana naso aze atshate naye.
Ubomi bakhe ukusuka kuloo mzuzu buqala ukuzinza kwaye buzele ulonwabo.
Ngaba isishwankathelo sikaLazarillo de Tormes sicacile ngoku?