Ukufota: Javier Torras de Ugarte, IG profile.
UJavier Torres de Ugarte Uvela eMadrid kwaye ubhala ukusuka intsomi yesayensi nkqu noveli yembali. Eyokugqibela iposwe ngu inenekazi elimfusa. en yi udliwano ndlebe Usixelela ngaye nangeminye imixholo emininzi. Enkosi kakhulu ububele bakho kunye nexesha lokuza kum.
UJavier Torras de Ugarte - Udliwano-ndlebe
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Inoveli yakho yamva nje inesihloko inenekazi elimfusa. Usixelela ntoni ngayo kwaye yavela phi le mbono?
UJAVIER TORRAS DE UGARTE: inenekazi elimfusa yinoveli eqanjwe njenge-opera enkulu, intlekele yamaGrike (i-pun ekujoliswe kuyo) apho akukho kunqongophala kwama-adventures, amayelenqe kunye neemfihlakalo. Kude nokuba yinoveli yebhayografi malunga UIrene waseAtheneNdicinga ukuba inomtsalane ngakumbi kwiimvakalelo kunolwazi. Ewe, umfundi uya kufumana ama-adventures kunye neempazamo zika-Irene oselula ekubeni ekhethiwe ukuba atshate ULeo IV uKhazaryade yaqwalaselwa umlawuli waseRoma, kodwa endleleni le noveli ixelela ezinye izinto ezininzi ezifana nesithukuthezi samandla, ityhefu eyivelisayo kwabo bayinqwenelayo kunye nendlela umfazi owakwazi ngayo ukuchasa isithethe kwiimbono ezininzi: ezopolitiko, ezenkolo, ezonxibelelwano, ezozakuzo. . inenekazi elimfusa ubalisa ibali lomfazi ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe, kodwa kunye nexabiso lokuhlawula amandla.
Ndadibana noIrene ngeentsuku zam zaseyunivesithi, xa unyaka nonyaka ndandithabatha isifundo seArt of the High Middle Ages. Yayiyiloo nto nje affaire, kodwa kwiminyaka kamva sadibana kwi-Intanethi, njengezibini namhlanje, kwaye ukutyumza kwakungomnye wabo benza ukuba umntu achithe ubusuku bonke ephapheme kwaye azalise iipaseji ngeepetali zerozi. Kwanceda, njengeCelestina yanamhlanje, i UGqr Judith Herrin kunye nencwadi yakhe emangalisayo abafazi ngemfusa. Bendikhangela i umlinganiswa omncinci owaziwayo kuluntu jikelele oluya kundivumela ukuba ndibalise ibali eligcwele umdla, imvakalelo, isenzo kunye ne-adventure, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukubonakalisa loo mbali, kwiinkulungwane ezininzi kamva, ayizange itshintshe njengoko abaninzi bakholelwa. UIrene waseAtheneinenekazi lam elimfusa yayiyiloo mlinganiswa.
- AL: Ngaba uyazikhumbula naziphi na izifundo zakho zokuqala? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?
JTU: Bendihlala ndiqaphela ukuba ndingumfundi kade, andizange nditsaleleke kufundo olunyanzelekileyo esikolweni okanye kwiSteam Boat, yiyo loo nto phantse indlela yam yokuqala yasimahla neyokuzithandela yoncwadi yayikunye noncwadi. ezakudala. Ndandineminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe kwaye ndikwiklasi yoLwazi lweHlabathi sayifunda Homer, Petrarch, Bocaccio, Becquer, Poe…Ungathandana njani neencwadi? Noko ke, incwadi yokuqala endiyikhumbulayo ndiyithabatha ngezandla zam ndingabonwa mntu ndize ndiyithande njengento yolonwabo engavunyelwayo. Itheyibhile yeFlanders, de UArturo Pérez-Reverte. Ndandisoloko ndivakalelwa kukuba yonke into iqale ngaloo ncwadi.
La Ibali lokuqala endiyibhalileyo inegama elingaziwayo Isifo sethemba, un Unyango ngokuyinxenye ngobomi bomntu kwaye ngokuyinxenye ngokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi malunga nokuba nethemba xa ujongene neshwangusha kunye nexabiso lethemba njengamandla okuqhuba ebomini. Ndatsho ndingenangqondo ndisolula kwangorhatya lokufikisa.
- AL: Umbhali oyintloko? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo.
JTU: Ndinabaninzi, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi, ngoko i-apostille kumbuzo ayipeyintwanga. Enkosi kakhulu!
Goethe kunye noWerther wakhe Baphawule ixesha ebomini bam nakwindlela yam yokuqonda nokubona ihlabathi. Ngethamsanqa, andizange ndithande isiphelo kwaye andizange ndihendwe, kodwa yonke enye into, yonke into ekwiphepha layo, yaba yiBhayibhile yam. Nam bendine phase ishakespearian leyo, ngethamsanqa kubugcisa beqonga, ayizange iwususe umphefumlo womdlali esiwuthweleyo sonke ngaphakathi kum. Kutshanje, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, uTolkien noLovecraft bebengabacebisi bam ngokuyinxenye, nangona bengazange bayazi. UCarlos Ruiz Zafon, endiye ndaphinda ndifumanise kule mihla, indifundise umlingo wamagama neencwadi. Ekugqibeleni, UJose Carlos Somoza, endihlala ndimthiya igama kwaye ndincoma uninzi lweenoveli zakhe. Kodwa kukho ezinye iinoveli ezininzi zangoku: Iifalkhoni, ukumkani, Abantu abadala, Connolly, Buyela kwakhona...
- AL: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza?
JTU: Baninzi abalinganiswa endibamonelayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, bonke bephambene, kutheni ungayithethi. Njengoko benditshilo kumbuzo odlulileyo, kwezi ntsuku ndifunda kwakhona Isithunzi somoya, ndiye ndatsho ukuba ndingathanda "ukudala" UFermin Romero de Torres, laa fantastic indawo yesibini-usela enegama elilula kunye nesivakalisi nje. Ungumlinganiswa omangalisayo. Nangona kunjalo, ungumlinganiswa waloo noveli, nokuba iinkwenkwezi ziye zahambelana kwaye wadala loo mlinganiswa, wayengenalwazi kwiincwadi zam.
- AL: Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imikhwa okanye imikhwa xa kufikwa ekubhaleni nasekufundeni?
JTU: Ukubhala, ukuthula nokuzola. Iselfowuni icinyiwe, okanye ngaphandle kwesandi kunye nesikrini esijongene netafile. Ndihlala ndicotha ukugxila, kwaye ukubhabha kwempukane kunokundiphazamisa ukuya kwinqanaba lokuphepha ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ndiyazinyanzela ukuba ndifumane amaxesha afanelekileyo okubhala.
Andinamdla wokufundaNdifunda ekhaya, ebhedini, kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke... Ndiyakuthanda ukufunda ngasechibini okanye elunxwemeni ehlotyeni, iiyure zibhabha, ndirhoxa ehlabathini. Ndifunde ephepheni, kwidijithali, kwi-audiobook… Nokuba yintoni na.
- AL: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?
JTU: Yhuu! Ndiphendule impendulo yangaphambili. Funda elwandle iyamangalisa. Ekuqaleni, ngakumbi mna, okhetha kakhulu, ilanga, isanti, izikhalo zabantwana, ubushushu obufuthanisiweyo, inqwelomoya evakalisa idisco iyandikhathaza... imbonakalo-mhlaba. Ekugqibeleni sishiyeke namaza olwandle, ibali endilifundayo nam. Yi ayinakuphikiswa.
- AL: Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo?
JTU: Leo iintlobo ezininzi: imbali, Thriller, yangoku, intsomi yenzululwazi, intsomi… Awunakuzonyanyiswa luncwadi, nokuba ulunxiba njani na. Kwakhona Ndibhale iintlobo ezininzi. Iincwadi endizithanda kakhulu zezo zingenalo uhlobo oluchaziweyo, kodwa zivumela ukuba zifakwe enye kunye nezinye; iintlobo luhlobo lokuhlela njengazo naziphi na ezinye kwaye, ngenxa yoko, azifezekanga.
- Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?
JTU: Ndidlule nje eqongeni uAdam Sanderson, ezokugqibela ndizifundile elandris y Umphefumlo woothixo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ndibhala, ndiphinda ndifunde iinoveli endizithande kakhulu, kwaye ndikuzo ngoku, kunye Isithunzi somoya.
Ndiyabhala ngoku enye inoveli yembali malunga nomlinganiswa onomdla nongaziwa kangako, nto leyo endinceda ndibalise indlela uBukhosi baseRoma obabusenziwa ngayo ubuKristu kuqala baza bahlukana kamva. Konke oku ngokubandezeleka okukhulu, igazi elininzi kunye neemfihlakalo ezininzi. Kuya kuba libali lokuphela: ukuphela koBukhosi, koothixo, bamandulo, behlabathi leklasikhi ... Kwaye kwabaninzi abalinganiswa.
- AL: Ucinga ukuba imeko yokupapasha injani kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokuba uzame ukupapasha?
JTU: Andiziva ndikufanelekele kakhulu ukuhlalutya ipanorama yokuhlela. Ndibona izinto, njengaye wonke umntu, kodwa into endiyithandayo kukubhala. Ndicinga ukuba, njengawo onke amacandelo, ihlabathi lopapasho lizichaza ngokutsha ebusweni bemingeni yezobuchwepheshe, ukujonga ngokungathembeki okuthile kwiifomati ezintsha zedijithali, i-audiobook, iincwadi ezisebenzisanayo ... Kodwa nangomdla omkhulu. Iindlela ezintsha zivula yonke imihla, iifestile ezintsha. Ekugqibeleni, incwadi iya kuqhubeka iyincwadi, kodwa indlela esiyidla ngayo ingatshintsha (kuba ukufunda, oko kuthiwa kufundwe, kunokwenziwa kuphela ngendlela enye).
Malunga neencwadi ezipapashwa ngoku, Andingomfundi weendaba, ngoko kunzima kum ukulandela ifashoni. Ndiyazifunda iincwadi ezikhutshwa ngababhali endibathandayo, kodwa andiyazi into yamva nje ethwalwayo okanye engathwalwanga.
Ndiye ndazibuza amaxesha amaninzi kutheni post, kutheni loo mfuno yenziwe emva kokubhala. Ndicinga ukuba zininzi iimpendulo, zonke ziyinyani kwaye ngokuyinxenye zibubuxoki. Ngaba ababhali bafuna ukukhululeka kwabafundi? Ngaba yenzelwe i-ego? Ngemali? Ngamampunge? Ngemfuneko? Isabelo sorhwebo sokubhala iinoveli sisityhalela kwindlela yokusebenza: sibhalela abantu ukuba basifunde. Ngokuchasene noko, loo mphefumlo wothando ungaphakathi kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuyila utyhutyha yonke inkqubo kwaye uthetha nathi ngeemfuno ezingephi, ezinxulunyaniswa ngakumbi neemvakalelo. Kutheni uposa? Ubugcisa, kuzo naziphi na iifomathi zabo, ngumboniso. Into engabonwayo ayikho.
- AL: Ngaba umzuzu wobunzima esijamelana nawo unzima kuwe okanye uya kuba nakho ukugcina into elungileyo kumabali exesha elizayo?
JTU: Amaxesha obunzima, ngethamsanqa okanye ngelishwa, ahlala ekhona ikhuthaza ihlabathi lobugcisa. Kuba ngathi umntu ubonakalisa ubuchule bakhe xa ejamelene nokubandezeleka okanye ekubona ukubandezeleka. Ngokwam, kwimibhalo yam yamva nje ndijonge ngakumbi kwixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa andizange ndiphulukane nombono wam wehlabathi, njengombhali wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Zininzi izinto ezenzekayo ibekwe iinoveli zembali inento yokwenza nemini yethu, intlekele yethu ehlala ihleli neyokuphela.
Xa ndibhala intsomi yesayensi Kwenzeka into efanayo kum, kodwa ejonge phantsi. Ndizama ukucacisa into endiyibonayo malunga nam kwaye yintoni iziphumo ingaba ku elizayo. Ndizama ukungalahli imbono yokuba ndibhala phi kwaye nini, kodwa ndiyakuthanda ukuwela imiqobo yexesha kunye nendawo kwaye ndingene kwamanye amaxesha, adlulileyo kwaye aseza. Kodwa ukuzola okuncinci kunye nempumelelo akuyi kusilimaza ...