Intsomi kaSisyphus
Intsomi kaSisyphus -okanye Intsomi kaSisyphe, ngesihloko saso sokuqala ngesiFrentshi-sisincoko sefilosofi esibhalwe yintatheli, umbhali weencwadi kunye nophumelele iBhaso likaNobel kuncwadi (1957) Albert Camus. Lo msebenzi wapapashwa okokuqala ngo-Oktobha 1942, liziko lokushicilela iÉditions Gallimard. Njengo Kumazwe aphesheya y Isibetho, lo ngomnye wemibhalo ebalaseleyo yombhali, exutyushwa izihlandlo ezininzi.
Kakhulu Kumazwe aphesheya njengaye Intsomi kaSisyphus Bavela ngomhla omnye, ukutyhila kuluntu italente yoncwadi yeCamus, amandla okubonisa ithiyori kunye nobuntununtunu bokuziphatha. Umbhali wayedla ngokubhala imidlalo, izincoko, amabali nophononongo. Ngezi ndlela wayesoloko ephonononga ubutyebi kunye nokungacaci kwemeko yomntu.
Imvelaphi yentsomi kaSisyphus
Igama lesincoko sikaCamus linemvelaphi-kuxolela ukuphinda-phinda-intsomi kaSisyphus, ukumkani ongumGrike owayedume ngokuxoka, ukuqhatha nokulawula abantu bobukumkani bakhe. Ngenye imini, wamqhatha uThanatos, ngokufa, yaye, xa waphelela kumhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba, wakhohlisa uthixo weHadesi ukuba amvuselele aze abuyisele ubutsha nobuhle bakhe. Emva kokuba ekhulile, uSisyphus wafa kwakhona.
Nangona kunjalo, yayingenguye uThanatos owaya kumkhangela, kodwa Hermes, uthixo wobuxoki. Uthixo wathabatha ithuba lokuncoma kwendoda endala ukucebisa isivumelwano. Wamsa endulini waza wamthembisa oko, ukuba wayekwazi ukutyhala ilitye kwaye yenza oku iya kuhlala ihleli phezulu, uya kumenza iOlympian. Le ndoda yavuma. Ngenxa yoko, wachitha ixesha elide etyhala ilitye.
Isishwankathelo se Intsomi kaSisyphus
Isohlwayo sikaThixo okanye isafobe sentanda-bulumko yobuvuvu?
Lo msebenzi ka-Albert Camus wahlulwe waba zizahluko ezine kunye nesihlomelo. Njengomntu ocinga ngentanda-bulumko yobudenge, uCamus ubona uSisyphus enomdla wokulwa nokuthula okungenangqondo kwehlabathi. Ngoko, Isicatshulwa siphakamisa isiseko esinomdla: ukuba ubomi abunantsingiselo, Kutheni ungachithi usenza into oyithanda ngokwenene? Ngale ndlela, i-absurdism ye-Camus ayigxininisi ngendlela engafanelekanga.
Enyanisweni, Ifilosofi yakhe iphakamisa iziseko zokusebenzisa okungenangqondo njengento yokuqinisa ekhusela amaxabiso anje ngenkululeko, umanyano nenkxaso phakathi kwabemi. Ngokomgaqo, ubume bomsebenzi buyinto ephazamisayo. Nangona kunjalo, kancinci kancinci uCamus uveza imigaqo yakhe, aze abonise intsomi kaSisyphus kwaye aqulunqe izikweko zakhe ngayo.
Ukuthelekiswa komntu wanamhlanje kunye nokumkani wamaGrike
Intsomi kaSisyphus ichaza i-iconography yeqhawe elingenangqondo. Oko kukuthi: umntu onikezela kwiinkanuko zakhe kwaye akakhathali ngentsingiselo enzulu yobukho. Ekugqibeleni, oku akunantsingiselo icacileyo, ngoko Umntu akafanele azikhathaze ngento engekhoyo okanye engasayi kubuchaphazela ubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla.
Ngaloo ndlela, iqhawe elingenangqondo lizinikezele ukuba lingagqibi nantoni na, ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yothando oluvakalelwa ngayo ebomini kunye nayo yonke into ekuthethwa ngayo, kuquka namava angalunganga. Ukuba kubonakala kuxakile kungenxa yokuba kunjalo. Ubudenge bubandakanya Intsomi kaSisyphus ibonisa indlela aqhuba ngayo ikamva lakhe, ephila nokohlwaywa koothixo.
Isifaniso sokuzibulala
Ingcaciso ehambelanayo yaleyo yayicetywa ngaphambili ithi Intsomi kaSisyphus Imalunga nexabiso lobomi kunye nemigudu engapheliyo nengenamsebenzi yomntu. Njengomphumo wobukho obungabalulekanga, apho ekuphela kwento enexabiso yile nto siyidalayo, umbhali uyabuza: "Ngaba kukho enye indlela yokuzibulala?", Kwakhona ekhankanya ukuba: "Inye kuphela ingxaki enkulu yefilosofi: ukuzibulala. .” .
Malunga nendoda engenangqondo
Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, le archetype ecetywayo nguCamus, awayibiza ngokuba "yindoda engenangqondo," ichaza ukunganyaniseki komntu othi, nangaphandle kokuliqonda ihlabathi, ehlala ejongene noku kuqondwa.. Ngenxa yoku, umbhali uthi: “Umvukeli akayikhanyeli imbali emngqongileyo aze azame ukuzithethelela kuyo. Kodwa uzifumana ephambi kwayo njengomculi ngaphambi kokwenyani, uyayigatya ngaphandle kokuyiphepha. Ayinakuyenza icace nakancinane loo nto.”
Ukucacisa umbono wakho, elimile ityhola okoUkwamkela into engekho ngqiqweni kuphela kwendlela yokutsiba ukholo olungathethelelekiyo olufunwa ziinkolo kunye ne-existentialism ngokwayo. Ngokwayo, ifilosofi yombhali ayikhuthazi ukuthula okanye ukungabi nantoni, ngokuchaseneyo. NgokukaCamus, uSisyphus ufumana inkululeko xa egqiba ukubeka iliwa, elo xesha lifutshane limsindisa kwikamva lakhe lokuzibulala.
Sobre el autor
UAlbert Camus wazalwa ngoNovemba 7, 1913, eMondovi, ngoku eyiDréan, kwiAlgeria yaseFransi. Umbhali waqala kwaye wagqiba izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphantsi kunye nesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo enkosi kwi-scholarship efunyenwe ngabantwana bamaxhoba emfazwe. Ngelo xesha, Ootitshala bakhe babengabona bakhuthazi bokufunda kwakhe intanda-bulumko, ingakumbi leyo kaNietzsche.. Kamva, waphumelela kwiFilosofi kunye neeLeta.
Ithisisi yakhe yobugqirha ijongana nobudlelwane phakathi kweengcinga zamaGrike zamandulo kunye nobuKristu obusekwe kwimibhalo kaPlotinus kunye noSaint Augustine. UCamus waqala ukubhala esemncinane kakhulu. Kamva, wasebenza njengentatheli IRiphabliki yaseAlgeria, apho wapapasha amanqaku ahlukeneyo awayehlalutya imeko yamaSilamsi kummandla waseKabylia. Umbhali wakhuthaza ubulungisa bezentlalo kunye neeklasi zokusebenza.
Ezinye iincwadi zikaAlbert Camus
Novelas
- UL'Étranger — Umntu ongamaziyo (1942);
- Isibetho-Isibetho (1947);
- La chute — Ukuwa (1956);
- La mort heureuse - Ukufa wonwabile (1971);
- Le premier homme - Indoda yokuqala (1995).
Ithiyetha
- Caligula — Caligula (1944);
- Le malentendu — Ukungaqondi (1944);
- L'Impromptu des philosophes - I-impromptu yeefilosofi (1947);
- L'état de siège — Imeko yokungqingwa (1948);
- Les justes - Abalungileyo (1950).
Isincoko nesingeyonyani
- I-Métaphysique chrétienne et Néoplatonism-imetaphysics yobuKristu kunye ne-Neoplatonism (1935);
- Révolte dans les Asturies — Imvukelo eAsturias (1936);
- L'envers et l'endroit — Umva kunye nolungileyo (1937);
- Noces - Imitshato (1938);
- Les Quatre Commandements du journaliste free — Imithetho emine yentatheli yasimahla (1939);
- Le mythe de Sisyphe - Intsomi kaSisyphus (1942);
- Iileta à un ami alemand — Iileta eziya kumhlobo waseJamani (1943-1944);
- Nokuba ngamaxhoba, okanye bourreaux - Namaxhoba okanye ababulali (1946);
- Pourquoi l'Espagne? —Kutheni eSpeyin? (1948);
- Le témoin de la liberté —Ubungqina benkululeko (1948);
- L'Hommerévolté - Indoda evukelayo (1951);
- Intlango ePhilayo (1953);
- Actuelles I, Chroniques — Actuales I, Chronicles (1944-1948);
- Actuelles II, Chroniques — Actuales II, Chronicles (1948-1953);
- Actuelles III, Chroniques algériennes — Actuales III, Chronicles of Algeria (1939-1958).