imithi
imithi (o Imithi, ngesihloko sayo santlandlolo ngesiNgesi) yinoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho ehlekisayo neyoyikekayo ebhalwe ngunjingalwazi nombhali weyunivesithi yaseMelika uPercival Everett. Umsebenzi wapapashwa okokuqala ngo-2021 nguGraywolf Press kunye ne-Influx Press. Kamva, yaguqulelwa kwiSpanish nguJavier Calvo kwaye yathengiswa yindlu yokupapasha iDe Conatus.
Le yenye yeencwadi zika-Everett eziphawulekayo nezidunyiswayo, kwaye ikwayenye yezona ncwadi zakhe zintsonkothileyo. Yona ngokwayo, uzuze inkoliseko yabafundi abaninzi kunye namalungu abagxeki abakhethekileyo, phakathi kwabo, Uphononongo lweencwadi zaseLos Angeles, UJoyce Carol Oates kunye noCarole V. Bell. Uninzi luye lwakhuthaza ubugcisa bokubhala bukaPercival kunye nokugxekwa kwentlalontle athetha ngayo emsebenzini wakhe.
Isishwankathelo se imithi
Malunga nokulwela amalungelo oluntu eUnited States
Ngowe-1955, intombazana yaseMerika egama linguEmmett Till, okwilizwe elimnyama, kwakunjalo waxhwilwa, wangcungcuthekiswa, wagxothwa kwaye wabulawa kabuhlungu eMississippi eneminyaka eyi-14. Konke kwenzeka emva kokuba inkwenkwe ityholwa ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo umfazi omhlophe, uCarolyn Bryant, kwivenkile yosapho lwakhe.
Inkohlakalo yokubulawa kwakhe —eziphawulekayo overtones zobuhlanga-kwaye ukukhululwa kwababulali bakhe kwabangela impembelelo enkulu, kwaye kwasenza ukuba sicinge ngembali ende yokutshutshisa ngobundlobongela abantu base-Afrika baseMelika e-United States. Kude kube emva kokufa kwakhe ibe ngumfanekiso wentshukumo yamalungelo oluntu.
imithi ithatha njengesalathiso esi kunye nezinye iziganeko ezenzeka ukususela ngoko. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho oluveziweyo lunongwe ngoburharha be-asidi yombhali.
I-ode yobulungisa bombongo
Imali, Mississippi, umlungu kwafowna uJunior Ufunyenwe eswelekile kwikhaya lakhe ecaleni komzimba womntu ongaziwayo wase-Afrika-waseMelika. Xa izidumbu zisiwa kwindawo yokugcina izidumbu, ngokukhawuleza kufumaniseka ukuba umntu omnyama ongachazwanga unyamalele.
Kamva, kwaye ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, Umzimba owawubiwe kumzi wogcino-zidumbu uphinde wafunyanwa kumzala kaJunior., ingqolowa, naye obuleweyo.
Kungekudala emva koko, igama elithi “John Doe”—igama eliphawulwayo elisetyenziswa eUnited States xa lingaziwa ixhoba—liphinda linyamalale. Kamva, abecuphi ababini abamnyama we-Mississippi Bureau yoPhando, uEd Morgan kunye noJim Davis, Bathunyelwa kwiMali ukuba ihlolisise imeko.
U-Ed noJim baye kwibha yasekuhlaleni esoloko isenziwa ngabantu abamnyama baseMali, apho Bafumanisa ukuba bobabini uJunior kunye neNkolo babenxulumene noCarolyn Bryant. Abacuphi kamva bakholelwa ukuba umzimba olahlekileyo ufana ngokumangalisayo nomzimba ka-Emmett Till obethwayo.
Ukubulala ngokungekho sikweni litikiti nje lesiphithiphithi sexesha elizayo.
Imizimba eyongezelelekileyo iqalisa ukuqokelelana kwilizwe lonke. Ngamnye wandulela indoda enye okanye ngaphezulu abamhlophe abaye babulawa ecaleni kwemizimba yabantu abamnyama okanye baseAsia. Okwangoku, U-Ed noJim bayakwazi ukufumanisa isazisi somzimba kwindawo yokuqala yolwaphulo-mthetho.. Emva koko bayilandelela kwinkampani ethengisa amathambo abantu ngeenjongo zenzululwazi.
Kwakhona Baqala ukukrokrela ukuba uGertrude Penstock -iweyitara emhlophe abadibana nayo eMali- kunye nomakhulu wakhe uMama uZ -iminyaka elikhulu elinesihlanu ubudala- Babandakanyeka ekubulaweni kokuqala. Oku kungaziwa nguEd noJim, oku kutyhilwa kuyinyani, njengoko uGertrude kunye neqela labantu abantsundu abanengqondo efanayo babeququzelele ukubhubha kukaWheat noJunior njengempindezelo yokubandakanyeka kukayise ekubulaweni kuka-Emmett Till.
Akukho nxu lumano ngaphezu kweentlungu zamaxhoba
Ngaphandle koko kwakufunyenwe ngaphambili, akukho nxibelelwano lokwenyani phakathi kokubulawa kwasekuqaleni kunye nabo bonke abanye. Kulapha apho Iinyaniso ezingeyonyani zembali zingqubana nebali elingeyonyani, njengoko iingxelo zolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lubonisa ukuba amaqela amakhulu amadoda amnyama kunye nama-Asia abonakala ekhuselekile kwiimbumbulu sele eqalisile ukuphindaphinda ukufa okuququzelelwe nguMama Z noGertrude.
Malunga nophuhliso nokubhala umsebenzi
Ukubhala le noveli, u-Everett waphanda nge-lynchings e-United States. Kwelinye icala, Ukuze aqhubele phambili nezifundo zakhe, wathenga iincwadi ezinento yokwenza nokubulawa kwabantu, ezibhala ngokucokisekileyo kangangokuba wakwazi ukuphuhlisa icandelo elithetha ngalo mbandela kwithala lakhe leencwadi.
Kwinqanaba lokubalisa, umbhali ubalula uburharha beenoveli zakhe, kubandakanya Imithi, kwimpembelelo kaMark Twain.
Sobre el autor
UPercival Everett wazalwa ngoDisemba 22, 1956, eFort Gordon, eGeorgia, eUnited States. Wafunda iFilosofi kwiYunivesithi yaseMiami. Ukongeza, wayefundiswe kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-biochemistry kunye ne-mathematics logic. Emva koko wafumana isidanga se-master in fiction kwiYunivesithi yaseBrown ngo-1982. Ubhale iincwadi zabantwana, imibongo, iinoveli zabacuphi nokunye okuninzi.
Ezinye iincwadi zikaPercival Everett
Novelas
- ukubila (1983);
- Ndikhaphe ndize kude (1985);
- Ukusika uLisa / Ukusika uLisa (1986);
- AmaZulu / amaZulu (1990);
- Ngolusu Lwakhe Olumnyama (1990);
- Ilizwe likaThixo (1994);
- Indawo yamanzi / isitya (1996);
- Umzimba kaMartin Aguilera / Umzimba kaMartín Aguilera (1997);
- Uyaphambana / uyaphambana (1997);
- IGlyph / iGlyph (1999);
- Grand Canyon, Inc / Grand Canyon, Inc (2001);
- Ukucima / Ukucima (2001);
- Imbali yabantu base-Afrika baseMelika / Imbali yabantu base-Afrika baseMelika (2004);
- Intlango yaseMelika / Intlango yaseMelika (2004);
- Bonzakele / benzakele (2005);
- Unyango lwamanzi (2007);
- AndingoSidney Poitier: Inoveli / AndingoSidney Poitier: Inoveli (2009);
- Ukucingela (2011);
- UPercival Everett nguVirgil Russell: Inoveli / uPercival Everett nguVirgil Russell: inoveli (2013);
- Kakhulu uBlue (2017);
- Umnxeba / umnxeba (2020);
- Hayi (2022);
- James (2024).
Iintsomi
- IMozulu kunye nabaseTyhini baNdiphatha ngokufanelekileyo: Amabali / iMozulu kunye nabaseTyhini bandiphatha ngokufanelekileyo: Amabali (1987);
- Umfanekiso Omkhulu: Amabali / Umfanekiso Omkhulu: Amabali (1996);
- Ndigwetyiwe ukuba ndenza njalo: Amabali / Ndigwetyiwe ukuba ndiyakwenza (2004);
- Isiqingatha se-intshi yamanzi / isiqingatha se-intshi yamanzi (2015).
Imibongo
- re:f, umqondiso / re:f, umqondiso (2006);
- Abstraktion und Einfühlung / Ukuthabatha kunye novelwano (2008);
- Ukuqubha Ukuqubha (2010);
- Akukho Magama aBomvu (2010);
- Ubuxoki bukaTrout (2015).
Uncwadi lwabantwana
- Lo wabaleka (1992).
Intsebenzo
- ICalifornia yam: Uhambo ngabaBhali abaKhulu / iCalifornia yam: Uhambo lwababhali abaKhulu (2004).