imbali yobugcisa (IPhaidon, 2008) ngu-Ernst H. Gombrich ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngumsebenzi ophezulu. Ukusukela ekupapashweni kwayo okokuqala ngo-1950, iye yaba luphawu lwezifundo zobugcisa ezifana nokupeyinta, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo okanye ubugcisa bokwakha. Isishwankathelo solwazi kwiinkulungwane zonke kunye nencwadi yereferensi ebalulekileyo yabantu abafunda iMbali yoBugcisa okanye uBugcisa obuFine ngenxa yendlela efikelelekayo neyonwabisayo.
Le ncwadi iphawuleka ngamagalelo enziweyo, kodwa nangendlela ehambisa ngayo uphuhliso lobugcisa kwinkulungwane nganye. Nangona egxekwa ngabanye ngokuba nomlingiswa othile obalisayo, inyaniso kukuba naye, Umbhali-mbali wayesazi indlela yokudibanisa iintshukumo zobugcisa ukusuka kwi-Prehistory ukuya kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-XNUMXth inkulungwane. ngendlela efanele bonke abaphulaphuli. Yile ndlela uGombrich asixelele ngayo ibali elivela kwimbali yobugcisa.
Imbali yobugcisa: indlela uGombrich asixelele ngayo ibali
Ibali lobugcisa kumntu wonke
imbali yobugcisa I-de Gombrich yincwadana epapashwe ngokubanzi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwe-neophytes kunye nabafundi.. Nangona kunjalo, iyatsala kwaye iliqabane kumaqela anolwazi kakhulu kubugcisa. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, inokuthathwa njengomsebenzi wokuqalwa, kuba iyindibaniselwano yezona zigaba zobugcisa ezibalulekileyo kwixesha lonke. Umsebenzi onokuthi ube mkhulu okanye ungaqondakali ukuba awuyazi indlela yokuwenza ngobuchule obuguquguqukayo kunye nokuhambelana.
Kuyabonakala, imbali yobugcisa Asiyongxelo injalo, kodwa su isimbo sinika ukucaca kunye nendalo eyenza kube lula ukuyiqonda. UGombrich ngumfundi owaziyo ukudlulisa ukuthanda kwakhe ubugcisa kuzo zonke izizukulwana. Loo nto iyenze yaba yincwadi ekhethekileyo kakhulu, efunwa kakhulu kwaye ibalulekile kulo mbandela. Alithandabuzeki elokuba uGombrich uye wanxibelelana nembali yobugcisa njengaye nawuphi na omnye umntu. Kwaye emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe iseyeyona ncwadi idumileyo ngalo mbandela. Ngoko ke, Ukongeza ekwenzeni indlela yolwazi nokufunda, lulonwabo olupheleleyo lokufunda. Yiyo loo nto ithelekiswa nebali, nto leyo eye yabangela ukuba igxekwe. Kodwa masingalibali ukuba lo msebenzi linyathelo lokuqala (kwaye linomtsalane) inkcazo eqhubeka kukhethwa kumashumi eminyaka emva kokupapashwa kwayo okokuqala.
Imbali okanye imbali?
imbali yobugcisa Iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusasazwa kwehlabathi okwenze ukuba ibe yenye yeencwadi zobugcisa ezithengiswa kakhulu. Sele sihlomle ngesinye sezizathu: sisicatshulwa esipheleleyo esinolwazi nekulula ukusifunda. thina kakhulu, eyona nto ibalaseleyo kumsebenzi kaGombrich yisizinda sonxibelelwano sombhali, kunye nobume bokubalisa kwesicatshulwa.. Akuphelelanga ekuchazeni imbali yobugcisa okanye ukuqokelela idatha kunye nokunyakaza okukhokelela ekudinweni.
UGombrich uxelela iinkalo zemisebenzi, uthetha ngababhali kumxholo wabo, uchaza ukuguqulwa kobugcisa, ubonisa ukuba uyazi kangakanani malunga nesifundo kunye nokwazi ukuphula yonke loo nkcazelo. Ngaloo ndlela Yimbali engaqhelekanga yobugcisa, edlula umsebenzi wayo, kwaye ibonakala ngathi ayiphulukani nobungqongqo okanye umtsalane ngokuhamba kwexesha.. Italente kaGombrich kunye nomdla womsebenzi wakhe kwenza le ncwadi ibe yenye yezona ngxelo zibalaseleyo kwimbali yobugcisa. Ukhetha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumbono wezinto ezibalulekileyo kwaye usebenzisa i-anecdotes kwaye uyayazi indlela yokunxulumanisa iikhonsepthi ezithile kwabanye ngendlela emangalisayo.
Izigqibo
imbali yobugcisa I-de Gombrich yenye yezona ncwadi zithengiswa kakhulu kwaye kuboniswane ngazo kwisifundo sembali samacandelo obugcisa. Kodwa kungaphezulu koko, kuba umbhali akachazi, ubalisa ibali kwaye akhethe okubalulekileyo, kwangaxeshanye aseka ubudlelwane. ukuba kuphela umntu onjengaye uya kuba nako ukufikelela. Yincwadi ehambelana kakuhle kakhulu, nangona ibeka phambili ukupeyinta ngaphezu kolunye umboniso wobugcisa. Ngaxeshanye, umsebenzi uphakamisa ukuhambelana nomxholo wemisebenzi kunye nababhali bayo, ebonisa umsebenzi wokubalisa kunye nengcaciso yesicatshulwa.. Isiqwenga esinomtsalane sembali. UGombrich ubonisa ukuba ukongeza ekubeni ngumbhali-mbali, ungumbhali obalaseleyo.
Sobre el autor
UErnst Gombrich wayengumbhali-mbali waseBritani owazalelwa eVienna ngo-1909.. Ngo-1936, ngenxa yempembelelo yamaNazi, waya eLondon kwaye wayengumlawuli weWarburg Institute eLondon de kwaba ngu-1976. Wayekwangunjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon., equka iOxford neCambridge edumileyo. Kwakhona ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa wafundisa iiklasi kwamanye amakomkhulu aseYurophu naseUnited States.
UGombrich wayebalasele kwimbali yobugcisa. Ilizwe elamamkelayo lamnika iwonga lokuba nguMhlekazi kunye neOrder of Merit of the British Empire. Ufumene i goethe ibhaso evela eJamani. Ukongeza, wayelilungu lee-academy ezidumileyo, phakathi kwazo iRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences, iBritish Academy okanye iAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences. Wasweleka eneminyaka engama-92 ubudala eLondon ngo-2001..