Istanza yingqikelelo yemetric ehlela iindidi zeevesi kunye nendlela yazo yokubekwa ngokwamaqela. kwisakhelo sombongo. Azabiwa ngendlela efanayo nomhlathi kwaye kubalulekile ukuhlalutya ulungelelwaniso lwazo kuba isicengcelezo siya kuxhomekeka kuso, uhlobo lwemvano-siphelo ukuba sinaso, isingqisho nobude besitanza kunye neevesi zaso.
Ngokuphathelele iRoyal Spanish Academy, ichaza isitanza ngokuthi "inxalenye nganye eyenziwe ngenani elifanayo leevesi kwaye ilandelelwe ngendlela efanayo nezinye iingoma zemibongo". Kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo eyona ndlela yokuqonda ukuba yintoni isitanza ngokubona iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo. Sibhentsisa ezona ndidi ziphambili zezitanza.
couplet
Isitanza esakha iivesi ezimbini ezinemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Yeyona vesi ilula kwaye inokunxulunyaniswa ngokukhawuleza namazwi adumileyo.
Umzekelo: "lowo uneentloni, / akatyi okanye angadli isidlo sasemini"
kathathu
Iivesi ezintathu zobugcisa obuphambili (i-hendecasyllabic) ezinemvano-siphelo yekhonsonanti nezithi ngamanye amaxesha zibonakale njengestanza esizimelayo phakathi komxholo wesihobe esikhulu.
Umzekelo: "Kodwa ndikunyamezele. Ndikrazule imithambo yam / ihlosi kunye nehobe esinqeni sakho / kwiduel yokuluma kunye neenyibiba» (F. García Lorca).
Solea
Ukuqulunqwa kweendinyana ezintathu ezinxulumene nesibongo esidumileyo saseAndalusia. Ziivesi zobugcisa ezincinci kwimvano-siphelo ye-assonance.
Umzekelo: "Ndinentswelo kunye nosizi. Intlungu ifuna ndiphile; / ufuna ukuba ndife» (uManuel Machado).
Iquartet
Ukwakhiwa ngeevesi ezine ze-hendecasyllabic okanye ubugcisa obuphambili obunemvano-siphelo yekhonsoni.
Umzekelo: "Kubuphi ubukumkani, ngeyiphi inkulungwane, phantsi kweyiphi ingqungquthela / intlangano yeenkwenkwezi, ngeyiphi imini eyimfihlo / i-marble engasindiswanga, ngaba isibindi / kunye nenye ingcamango yokuqamba uvuyo yavela?" (Jorge Luis Borges).
iredondilla
Ukwahlulahlulwa kweevesi ezine ezineesilabhili ezisibhozo kunye nemvano-siphelo yekhonsonanti (eyokuqala neyesine, eyesithathu neyesibini).
Umzekelo: "Ihobe elimhlophe loxolo, / lemfazwe liphawula isiphelo, / lisigqume ngokukhanya kwasekuseni / liyeke ukubulala ngokungenangqondo".
I-Serventesian
Iivesi ezine zamalungu alishumi elinanye anemvano-siphelo yeqabane; wenza imvano-zandi kwivesi yokuqala neyesithathu nesesibini ivesi yesine.
Umzekelo: "Ndinguye othe kuphela izolo / ivesi eluhlaza kunye nengoma engcolileyo, / ngobusuku bakhe kwakukho i-nightingale / eyayiyi-lark yokukhanya kusasa" ( Rubén Darío ).
iquatrain
Ngokufanayo ne-redondilla, i-quatrain nayo ineevesi ezine ze-octosyllabic, kodwa ivesi yesibini neyesine zinemvano-siphelo kwi-assonance.
Umzekelo: «Ukukhanya komphefumlo, ukukhanya kobuthixo, / indlu yesibane, itotshi, inkwenkwezi, ilanga… / Indoda ihamba ngokuphuthaphutha; uphethe isibane emqolo» (Antonio Machado).
Isibini
Ukwakhiwa kobumbongi kwiivesi ezine zobugcisa obuncinci kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-siphelo. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiingoma ezidumileyo.
Umzekelo: "Andiyazi ukuba umoya uthini, / andazi ukuba ulwandle luthini, / kodwa xa ndijonga i-horizon / ndihlala ndiqala ukulila."
Seguidilla
Ziivesi ze-heptasyllabic kunye ne-pentasyllabic kunye nemvano-siphelo ye-assonance.
Umzekelo: "Ewe, uhamba ezintendeni, / iingelosi ezingcwele, / umntwana wam ulala, / unamasebe" ( Lope de Vega ).
Sash
Iivesi ezine zika-Aleksandriya (amalungu ali-14) kunye nemvano-siphelo yeqabane. Luhlobo lwesitanza olusetyenziswa ikakhulu kumaXesha Aphakathi (kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX-XNUMX).
Umzekelo: «Wayengumfundisi olula, umfundisi olihlwempu / wathi cutiano Missa de la Santa María; / Andizange ndikwazi ukuthetha enye, ndayithetha yonke imihla, / ndandiyazi ngakumbi ngokusetyenziswa kunobulumko» (Gonzalo de Berceo).
limerick
Ukuqulunqwa kweevesi ezintlanu zobugcisa obuncinci (octosyllables) kunye nemvano-siphelo yeconsonant. Ingabonisa umahluko wemetric.
Umzekelo: "Andiyicingi nokuba iwayini emhlophe / iminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala ilungile / njengomlomo wakho omnandi: / ukuba, njengenkosi yerozi, / iwayini ivumba le-villain" ( Lope de Vega ).
Quintet
Isakhiwo sombongo sifana ne-limerick, kodwa ngeendinyana zobugcisa obukhulu; Imvano-siphelo ikwayimvanozwi. Ibonisa umahluko we limerick.
Umzekelo: "Ngobunye ubusuku, bawo, ndivakalelwa njengomntwana, / ukubukela intlungu iyandidla, / kunye namabinzana achaza uthando kuphela, / uqalise isiprofeto sekamva lam, / ngobunye ubusuku ubawo, ndivakalelwa njengomntwana" (uJulián weNdlu).
Lira
Ukwahlulahlulwa kweevesi ezintlanu ze-heptasyllabic kunye ne-hendecasyllabic ezinemvano-siphelo yeqabane. Imvelaphi yayo sisiTaliyane kwaye inokuchongwa ngegama elithi "isiqingatha sokuhlala".
Umzekelo: "Ukuba i-lyre yam ephantsi / ingenza isandi kakhulu, ukuba ngephanyazo / ingathomalalisa umsindo / umoya ovuthuzayo, / kunye nomsindo wolwandle oluhambayo" (Garcilaso De la Vega).
Sextet
Kukho iivesi ezintandathu zobugcisa obukhulu kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Kusenokubakho ukwahluka.
Umzekelo: «Umqolo wabafundi baseseminari bayaqhuba, / amalaphu angenanto afana neesopistas, / iitricornes zolonwabo, ubumnyama bentaba. / Umhlambi weemeyile ezigayiweyo / ezimnyama kunye ne-stilted, ngaphandle kolonwabo lomtshato, / kunye ne-muleteer icula ingoma yase-Aragon» (uRamón del Valle-Inclán).
sextuplet
Iivesi ezintandathu zobugcisa obuncinci kunye nemvano-siphelo yemvano-zandi. Njenge-sextet, inokuphinda ibonise iskimu semetric kunye nokwahluka.
Umzekelo: "Ukuzithoba okunzulu, ukuzithoba / kumthetho, kunye nomlomo omnene / omfutshane, uncumo / olucacileyo, olufihlakeleyo, / olukhanyayo, olungenasiphelo, / ibala elinombala wendlovu" (Amado Nervo).
I-couplet yonyawo olwaphukileyo
Ukuqulunqwa kwabizwa ngokuba yi "copla manriqueña" ngumbhali uJorge Manrique (inkulungwane ye-XNUMX). Iqulunqwe ngeevesi ze-octosyllabic kunye ne-tetrasyllabic, kwaye isicengcelezo saso si-consonant. Tsiba, ke ngoko, ivesi emfutshane okanye encinci enende okanye enkulu.
Umzekelo wezibini ezimbini: «Khumbula umphefumlo oleleyo, / uvuselele ingqondo kwaye uvuke / ucamngce / indlela ubomi obudlula ngayo, / indlela ukufa okuza ngayo / ukuthula, / indlela ulonwabo olushiya ngokukhawuleza ngayo, / njani, emva kokuvumelana, / ukunika intlungu; / njani, ngombono wethu, / naliphi na ixesha elidlulileyo / lalingcono» (Jorge Manrique).
ebukhosini besibhozo
Ikwaziwa nangegama elithi "imvano-siphelo yesibhozo". Yiseti yeevesi ezisibhozo ze-hendecasyllabic. Eyesibhozo yokwenene yahlulwe yazivesi ezintandathu ezinemvano-siphelo kunye nesiqendwana esiyilwe ziivesi ezimbini zokugqibela.
Umzekelo: «Ulonwabo luyaphupha xa ndivusa amaphupha / intliziyo yomntu ithemba lakhe, / ingqondo yakhe ikhohlisa inkohliso encumileyo, / kwaye okulungileyo kwangoku kufikelela kwixesha elizayo; / kwaye emva kwe-aerial kunye nebhanile ekhanyayo / yentshiseko, umoya uqaliswa / phantsi kwesibhakabhaka sokukhanya kunye nemibala, / amasimi apeyinta iintyatyambo ezivumbayo» (José de Espronceda).
eyeshumi okanye i-spinel
Ukuqulunqwa kweevesi ezilishumi ezinamalungu asibhozo ezinemvano-siphelo.
Umzekelo: «Isityebi siphupha ngobutyebi baso, / osinika eyona nkathalo; / uphupha ihlwempu elibandezelekileyo / intlupheko yalo nobuhlwempu balo; / amaphupha lowo uqala ukuba nempumelelo, / amaphupha lowo uzamayo kwaye ozenzisa; lowo ukhubekisayo uyaphupha; / kunye nehlabathi, ekuqukumbeleni, / wonke umntu uphupha into abayiyo / nangona kungekho mntu uyayiqonda» (Calderón de la Barca).
Sonnet
Ukwahlulahlulwa kweevesi ezilishumi elinesine zobugcisa obukhulu (i-hendecasyllables), zisasazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iiquatrains ezimbini kunye neetriplets ezimbini. Yavela kumaXesha Aphakathi kwaye yasasazeka kakhulu ngolwimi lweSpanish.
Umzekelo: «Ngumkhenkce otshisayo, ngumlilo okhenkcezileyo, / sisilonda esibuhlungu nesingenakuviwa, / liphupha elilungileyo, ububi obukhoyo, / luphumlo olufutshane oludinwe kakhulu. / Kukongamela okusinika inyameko, / igwala, elinegama elinesibindi, / ukuhamba wedwa phakathi kwabantu, / ukuthanda ukuthandwa kuphela. / Yinkululeko esentolongweni, / ehlala de ibe sisifunxi-gazi sokugqibela, / isifo esikhula ukuba sinyangekile. / Ngulo mntwana uThando, ngumhadi wakhe lo. / Khangela ubuhlobo obunjani na obuya kuba nabo ngaphandle kwento / lowo uchasene naye kuyo yonke into! (uFrancisco de Quevedo).
Romance
Ngokwemvelaphi yeSpanish, iqulathe inani elingachazwanga leevesi ezisibhozo ezinemvano-siphelo (ezinye ezilinganayo) kunye neevesi ezingachazwanga (ezingaqhelekanga). Imixholo yahluke kakhulu, nangona iyisihobe esibalisayo. Izothando ezininzi zifikelele kwiintsuku zethu ngokungaziwa.
Isiqwenga sothando: "Phakathi kwamahashe axengaxengayo / amaZenetes awoyisiweyo, / owagqogqa emaphandleni / phakathi kobomvu noluhlaza, / lowo waseSpeyin waseOran / ubambe ihashe elikhululekileyo, / ngokukhala kwawo okuchulumancisayo / nangokukhala kwawo. imikhosi eyomeleleyo, ukubamba, ukuthimba abathinjwa bakaMoor, oyithimbileyo, umthetheli wamaZenete alikhulu. / Kwihashe elikhanyayo / bobabini bakhwela, kwaye ubonakala, / kunye ne-spurs ezine, benzakele, / ukuba imimoya emine iyamshukumisa. / Ngokudabukisayo i-alam iyahamba, / kwaye iphantsi kangangoko / iphosa ukuncwina okukhulu / kwaye ikhupha iinyembezi ezikrakra [...]» (Luis de Góngora).
silva
Uhlobo lweMetric apho iivesi ze-heptasyllabic kunye ne-hendecasyllabic zilandelana (inokuba nde okanye mfutshane). Iivesi zinokuba nemvano-siphelo eyahlukileyo.
Isiqwenga se-silva: "Kwi-elm endala, ecandwe ngumbane / kwaye kwisiqingatha sayo sibolile, / ngeemvula zika-Epreli kunye nelanga likaMeyi / amagqabi amatsha akhulile. / I-elm eneminyaka elikhulu ubudala endulini / ekhotha iDuero! Ubulembu obutyheli / bungcolisa ixolo elimhlophe / isiqu esibolileyo nesinothuli. / Akuyi kuba, njengeepopulari eziculayo / ezilinda indlela kunye nonxweme. / ihlalwa ziinightingales ezimdaka» (Antonio Machado).