Iincwadi zembali ezisekwe kwiinyani zembali

Xa sifunda incwadi, siyazi ukuba sinokufumana uninzi lweentlobo zoncwadi. Abanye baziwa ngakumbi kunabanye. Umzekelo, iinyani zigqithisa ukungabinantsomi kwintengiso yeencwadi. Kodwa ngaphakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo, kukho enye ebonakalayo kakhulu: the iincwadi zembali ezisekelwe kwiziganeko zokwenyani.

Nangona ababhali abaninzi bezivumela "iilayisensi" ezithile ukuze ibali lisebenze kakuhle kwaye yonke into ihambelane, inyani kukuba iincwadi zembali, ezisekwe kwizibali zembali, zininzi. Ngokuqinisekileyo abanye benu bayazi ngayo.

Iincwadi zembali eziyinyani: eyona mbali inyulu

Iincwadi zembali eziyinyani azidinisi, yikholwe okanye hayi. Ngapha koko, ezikolweni nakumaziko bahlala bethumela ezo ncwadi. Kodwa kukwakho nabanye abaxelelwa ngendlela yenoveli ezincwadi zembali kodwa esekwe kwiziganeko zokwenyani.

Apha sikushiya enye Ukukhethwa kweencwadi ezisekwe kwizibali zembali.

Iincwadi Zembali: Ibali lezixeko ezibini

Le ncwadi yenye yezo zixelela iziganeko zokwenyani zembali. Kuyo, unako udibana nentombazana kagqirha, avalelwe iminyaka eyi-18 eBastille. Ukongeza, umxholo, ubalisa ngokwenzekileyo ngexesha loQhushululu lwaseFrance, kunye nemeko zaseLondon naseParis zimelwe kakuhle kwaye, nangona zikhona ezinye iilayisensi ezivela kumbhali, inyani kukuba unamathele kwimbali yokwenyani.

Ngubani umbhali wayo? Ewe, kholwa okanye hayi, nguCharles Dickens lo.

Imfazwe noxolo

Enye yeencwadi zembali esekwe kwiziganeko zembali yokwenyani yile, Imfazwe noxolo, iyelenqe elisibeka embalini xa uNapoleon wayezama ukuhlasela iRussia.

Nangona kunjalo, umbhali, uTolstoy, akazange afune ukuhlala kuphela ekubaliseni ngeziganeko, kodwa waquka ibali lothando apho inkcubeko ekhoyo ngelo xesha ibonakaliswa, kunye nendlela iintsapho eziziqhelanisa ngayo neemeko ezintsha.

Iincwadi zembali: Inkundla kaCharles IV

Ukugxininisa ngakumbi kwimbali yaseSpain, engaziwayo namhlanje ngabaninzi, sinencwadi ebhalwe nguBenito Pérez Galdós ebalisa esinye seziqendu ezimele ubukhosi baseSpain. Sithetha ngayo indlela uFerdinand VI awayeceba ngayo ukubhukuqa utata wakhe etroneni.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi imbali yaseSpain, ke le ncwadi kufuneka ibe phantsi kwebhanti lakho.

Uhambo oluya esiphelweni sobusuku

Ibhalwe nguLouis-Ferdinand Céline, le ncwadi izakukubeka kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala kwaye, kumntu wokuqala, nomlingiswa kaFerdinand Bardamu, uya kudibana sihlala njani eso siganeko sitshintshe ubomi babaninzi.

Kufuneka kuthiwe kuyothusa, kwaye yonke into eyenzekileyo inzima kakhulu, kodwa ekupheleni kosuku yinto eyenzekileyo, ke uyakube ujongene nenye yeencwadi zembali ezixelela indinyana evela kwimbali yokwenyani umhlaba.

Iincwadi zeMbali: Umgca woMlilo

Le noveli ka-Arturo Pérez-Reverte isekwe kwenye yeefayile ze eyona mfazwe inzima kunye neyona mibi kakhulu eyenzeka kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain. Ewe, sibuyela kugxila eSpain ukuze sifunde ngolunye lweziqendu eziye zafunyanwa kwilizwe.

Kule meko, iyelenqe lijolise kwamanye amajoni kunye nezinto ekufuneka beye kuzo ngenxa yokuba babhalisiwe ukuba balwe ngaphambili kwimfazwe. Ke ngoko, uloyiko abalubonileyo, ukubandezeleka kwabo, uloyiko, uloyiko luya kumelwa kule ncwadi, ngokusekwe kwinyani yokwenyani.

Ndiyavuma iminyaka engama-45 yokuhlola

Ingcuka yayiseSpain eyona ntlola ibalulekileyo kwimbali yelizwe. Kwaye nokwazi ukuba wayephila njani engena ngaphakathi, ebeka ubomi bakhe emngciphekweni kunye nendlela aqhubela phambili ngayo kwiminyaka engama-45 awayesebenza njengentlola, ukutsho nje okuncinci, libali elimangalisayo.

Kule ncwadi uya kwazi, hayi kangako ixesha lembali, kodwa inyani yembali esekwe kumntu othile, apho ngeenkumbulo zakhe uya kukuxelela iimfihlelo kunye namabali aya kwenza ukuba iinwele zakho zime ngxi.

Iincwadi Zembali: Umfuziselo woMngcatshi

Ebhalwa nguJuan Gómez-Jurado, lo mbhali ukwazile ukujonga ngesinye seziganeko zembali ezenzeka eSpain kwaye abantu abaninzi abazi ngazo. Ukwenza oku, usibeka kwi-40 xa enye inqanawa ifumana enye i-errift kwaye bagqiba kwelokuba bayincede. Apho badibana neqela lamaJamani athi, enombulelo, anike ukapteni amatye axabisekileyo kunye nomfuziselo wegolide.

Kwaye ke ibali liqala ngomntu oyindoda owayehlala phakathi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye neMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, kwaye ngubani ozama ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kuyise.

Uloliwe weenkedama

Phakathi ko-1854 no-1929 kufutshane Abantwana abaziinkedama abangama-250000 bathathwa eNew York basiwa eMidwest Midland. Liyaqala ke ibali ngokusekwe kwiziganeko zembali yokwenene kule ncwadi, ebhalwe nguChristina Baker Klein, othe, enamazwi amabhinqa amabini athabatha inqanaba eliphambili, uxela okwenzekileyo kwaba bantwana ababhubhileyo emhlabeni.

Inxalenye yembali yaseMelika engaziwa kakhulu, kwaye oko kuphakamisa indlela ngelo xesha ukuthengiswa kwabantwana kwakuyinto exhaphake kakhulu, kuba babesetyenziselwa umsebenzi onzima kwaye amadoda ayengafuni ukwenza .

Iincwadi zembali: Mna, uClaudio

Le ncwadi, esibuyisela kuBukhosi baseRoma, isekwe kumlinganiswa owaziwayo, UClaudio, inzala kaJulius Caesar kunye noAgasto, Caligula noTiberius. UClaudio wayenguye owayelawula ukusuka kwi-41 ukuya kwi-54, xa iRoma yoyisa imimandla emininzi.

Kodwa into ongayaziyo kukuba uClaudio wayeqhwalela kwaye ethintekile, ukuba wayenamaxhala amaninzi kunye noloyiko, ukuba zininzi izinto ezivela ebuntwaneni bakhe ezammisa nzima ebudaleni bakhe.

Ke, incwadi ikunika uqikelelo njengolokwenyani kulo mzobo kunye nendlela ababephila ngayo ngelo xesha.

Yenzelwe bani iBell

Kwakhona kusekwe kwi iziqendu zeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain, umbhali, u-Ernest Hemingway, owayengumbhaleli wemfazwe eSpain, ubalisa isahluko saloo mfazwe, ngakumbi leyo yaziwa ngokuba yi-Segovia Offensive.

Ngeli xesha, icala leRiphabhlikhi lazama ukubasusa ekuvukeni abavukeli, kodwa ke, kwakungekho lula njengokucinga.

Iincwadi zembali: Igama le rose

Ewe ewe, le noveli isekwe kwiziganeko zembali. Ngokukodwa, yayisekwe kumbhalo wesandla wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, owafunyanwa e-Austria ukuba uthotho lolwaphulo-mthetho olungaqondakaliyo lwenzekile njani eMonk Monastery, enye yezona zidumileyo emhlabeni.

Ke, umbhali wenoveli, u-Umberto Eco, wenza ibali lakhe ngokusekwe kwinto eyenzeka kuloo ndawo ngelo xesha kunye nendlela olwalwenziwe ngayo uphando kwaye kutyhilwa nomtyholwa.