Igorha leMask.
Iqhawe elinemaski luthotho lwee-comics zaseSpain ezenziwe nguManuel Gago García. Yapapashwa okokuqala ngu-Valenciana woHlelo phakathi kowe-1944 no-1966 ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ukuphinda kuphume umbala kwapapashwa kwii-1970s kunye neminye imicimbi embalwa kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Yakhelwe ngaphakathi kuhlobo lwento yamahlaya kwaye ingxoxo yayo iphambili ngamadabi alwelwe nguAdolfo de Moncada, ikrele eliphakanyiswe ngukumkani wamaSilamsi ogama linguAli Khan. Emva kokufumanisa imvelaphi yakhe yokwenyani, uMoncada waguqukela kubuKatolika kwaye walwa namagorha amaSilamsi kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX eSpain.
Ikhathuni eyaziwayo
Enye yezona zinto zihlekisayo zidumileyo nezingaphaya Inkulungwane yama-XNUMX yamahlaya aseSpain, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "tebeo". Uhlelo lwantlandlolo lwaluneenowuthsi ezingama-668, ezazineekopi ezingama-800.000. Ngumtya wesibini waseSpain onezona mpapasho zexesha lawo, ngasemva kuphela URoberto Alcázar noPedrín.
Kutshanje, ngo-2016, ingqokelela yamahlaya ebizwa ngokuba Iqhawe elinemaski. Amabali akazange athethe, ngumdwebi wekhathuni uMiquel Quesada Ramos kunye neskripthi sikaJosé Ramírez.
Sobre el autor
UManuel Gago García wazalelwa eValladolid, eSpain, ngoMatshi 7, 1925. Ngexesha lokufikisa kwakhe nasemva kokubanjwa kukayise ngenxa yezizathu ezinxulumene neMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain, usapho lwakhe lwafudukela eAlbacete. Apho uManuel Gago wasebenza kwiworkshop yoomatshini de isifo sephepha samsusa emsebenzini wexesha elide eneminyaka eyi-16.
Umfundi oqhelekileyo
Wayengumfundi okhutheleyo wee-comics zamaqhawe aseMelika kwaye ukususela kumncinci kakhulu wathumela eminye yemisebenzi yakhe kubavakalisi abahlukeneyo e-Barcelona naseValencia. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ofanelekileyo njengomdwebi wekhathuni Isifungo esingcwele kunye neViriatus, yapapashwa ngo-1943 nguMhleli uValenciana.
Le comic yayingumanduleli wento eyayiyimpumelelo kunye nomsebenzi othandwayo ngumbhali: Iqhawe elinemaski. Eyokugqibela yaqala ukupapashwa ngo-1944, kwaye kwimveliso yayo wayencediswa ngumntakwabo uPablo Gago kunye nombhali wesikrini uPedro Quesada Cerdán, owayeza kuthi kamva abe ngumlamu wakhe.
Umbhali oqaqambileyo
Ukongeza kwi Iqhawe elinemaski y Isifungo esingcwele kunye neViriatus, Ngexesha lokufikisa kwakhe wavelisa kwaye wapapasha ezinye izihloko, phakathi kwazo zibonakala Iqela labasixhenxe y Umlo omncinci. Le yokugqibela iphumelele kakhulu, ipapashwa iminyaka elishumi elinanye eqhubekayo (1945 - 1956).
Ngomnyaka we-1946 wasungula indawo yakhe yokuhlala eValencia, apho wajoyina ngokuqinisekileyo iValencian School of Comics. kwaye samkela isantya sokuhamba komsebenzi esibonisa oku. Waqala ukupapasha ii-comics ezininzi ngeveki, ezinje nge Indoda yentsimbi y Purk, indoda yelitye, okokuqala kubapapashi abohlukeneyo kwaye, okwethutyana, ngokukodwa kuValenciana woHlelo.
umshado
Ngo-1948 watshata noTeresa Quesada Cerdán. Abantwana abahlanu bazalwa emtshatweni. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, kunye noyise kunye nabantakwabo, waseka uHlelo lweGarga, inkampani engaphumelelanga kungekudala. Ngo-1951 basungula iMaga yoHlelo, eyapapasha imisebenzi kaManuel, uPablo nabanye oopopayi nababhali-skrini de kwangowe-1986.
Uyilo ngendalo
Ngexesha lonke lobomi bakhe, u-Manuel Gago García wapapasha ii-comics ngaxeshanye zoHlelo lweValenciana, uHlelo lweMaga kunye nezinye izindlu zokupapasha ezifana neBruguera, e-Barcelona. Wayengumdwebi wekhathuni kwaye enye yezona zinto zaziwa kakhulu kwiminyaka yobudala behlaya. Upapashe ngaphezulu kwama-27.000 amaphepha okubhalwa kwakhe.
Amaxesha athile usebenze ngaphezulu kweeprojekthi ezintlanu ngaxeshanye, yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ebeka phambili amanyathelo emtshatweni wokuzoba. Oku kungqinwa, umzekelo, kwiimali ezinqabileyo ezikhoyo zamanani amaninzi e Iqhawe elinemaski.
Ukufa
Usweleke ngaphambi kwexesha ngo-Disemba 29, 1980 ngenxa yeengxaki zesibindi., wayeneminyaka engama-55 ubudala. Ngexesha lokusweleka kwakhe wayesebenza kumbala ophindwayo Izinto ezintsha eziza neMfazwe kaMask, eyaqala ukupapashwa ngoo-70.
Imbali yeReconquista
Iqhawe elinemaski Ibekwe eSpain, ngexesha lamaKumkani amaKatolika. Umlinganiswa ophambili, u-Adolfo de Moncada, ngunyana ka-Countess waseRoca, owathi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakhe waxhwilwa ngukumkani wama-Muslim u-Ali Kan. UAdolfo ukhulile njengonyana wenkosi yamaSilamsi, kodwa akufika ebudaleni umama wakhe utyhila imvelaphi yakhe yokwenyani, emva koko wabulawa nguAli Khan kwaye uAdolfo uyabaleka. Ukuzifumana ngolu luhlu lwee-comics kufana nokudibana Don Quixote yabantwana.
Ukulandela izinto ezininzi ezingalunganga, uguqukela kubuKatolika aze aqalise umlo njengemfazwe yamaKristu ngokuchasene namaSilamsi aseseMdeni waseSpain kumlo wokufumana iAl-Andalus.
UManuel Gago Garcia.
Intshukumo njengomlinganiswa ophambili
Ikhathuni ibonakaliswa ngokubalisa kwayo ngamandla kunye nesitayile se-cinematic. Ubuninzi beendawo ezingaphantsi kunye nabalinganiswa besekondari batyebisa ibali eliphambili kwaye babonelele ngeendlela malunga nokuba ngoobani abafana abalungileyo kunye nababi kwicala ngalinye (amaSilamsi namaKristu).
Ayilo bali nje elilungileyo ngokuchasene nobubi. Umlinganiswa ophambili ngokwakhe uhlala eqhekekile phakathi kwemvelaphi yakhe yendalo kunye nokukhuliswa kwakhe ngamaSilamsi kunye nelifa lemveli. Kukho abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo abanomdla nabothusayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko kunye nexesha ekubhalwa ngalo i-comic. Kwakhona abahlali abaneentshukumisa ezahlukeneyo kunye namabali abo.
Intshukumo yenzeka ikakhulu kwindawo yaseIberia, Nangona kunjalo, kumanani amva kwenzeka eTurkey, e-Itali, eAlgeria, eTunisia nakwezinye iisetingi.
Inkuthazo yezembali kunye noncwadi
ukuba Iqhawe elinemaski, UManuel Gago uthathe ireferensi yenoveli nguRafael Pérez y Pérez, Amakhulu ama-knights ka-Isabel la Católica, ebalisa amabali kunye neengxabano zamalungu oonogada basebukhosini ngaloo maxesha.
Ngokubhekisele kwisitayile sebali, iphefumlelwe siSikolo saseValencian kunye ne-American superhero comics. Isalathiso esiphambili sikwimeko ebalulekileyo yezembali kwimbali yaseSpain: ixesha lokuphindaphinda
Abalingiswa
UAdolfo de Moncada
Ungoyena mntu uphambili ebalini. Iqhawe eliphakanyiswe njengenkosana yamaSilamsi, oguqukela kubuKatolika xa efumanisa eyona mvelaphi yakhe. Ukhaliphile kwaye womelele. Nxiba imaski ukuze bangayifumani eyadlulayo iArabhu.
UAli Khan
Ungutata owamkelayo we-protagonist kunye ne-villain ephambili kuthotho. Ubulala umama ka-Adolfo kwaye wenzakaliswa nguye ngelixa ebaleka. Uyileqa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwi-comic.
UAna María
Yintanda yomntu ophambili. Bakhaliphile kwaye baneentliziyo ezintleUyintombi ka-Count Torres kwaye ekugqibeleni utshata no-Adolfo kwincwadi yamanqaku engu-362.
zoraida
Ekuqaleni, ungumthandi ka-Ali Kan, emva koko wathandana no-Adolfo. Ungumzekelo womfazi owomeleleyo ozimeleyo.
UCaptain Rodolfo
Knight kwinkonzo ka-Count Torres. Ungumchasi ophindaphindayo ebalini emva kokubhubha komntakwabo ezandleni zika-Adolfo, owamcinga njengegorha lamaSilamsi.