Ungaze phambi kwabakhonzi yaqala ukupapashwa ngo-1973. Mva nje Umjikelo woHlelo ukhuphe uhlelo olutsha lweSpanish lwencwadi. Ibalisa ngeentshukumo kunye nemiboniso yasekhaya ye serfdom kwisithuba senkulungwane.
UFrank Victor Dewes, umbhali wayo, ibhentsisa imbono ekhoyo yabasebenzi abasebenzele izizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwiintsapho zoohlohlesakhe. Ngaphaya kwesibakala sokusebenza kwindlu yomnye umntu, le ncwadi iya kubalisa izinto ezibangel’ umdla namava aba bantu bebesoloko besenza umsebenzi ongenambulelo kwiimeko ezikude lee kwezo zawo nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi wokwenene.
Ungaze phambi kwabakhonzi
Masingene ngasemva
Ulungelelwaniso oluninzi lwe-audiovisual lwe-easement lwenziwe. Olona lwakutsha nje ngamacandelo aphumeleleyo e Netflix Umncedisi (2021). ESpeyin, i-classic ivelele Abamsulwa abaNgcwele (UMario camus, 1984), inguqulelo yencwadi kaMiguel Delibes yegama elifanayo elapapashwa ngonyaka wama-81. Kodwa wonke umntu uyakhumbula, nokuba akakubonanga, uthotho lwentsomi. British Donton Abbey. Izicaka ezicingelwayo zoohlohlesakhe eziphuma kumazwe afana neNgilane okanye iSpain ziye zaboniswa kumatyeli amaninzi, yinyani. Nangona umzekelo waseSpain unokwenyani ngakumbi, iNgesi ibeka ubomi bamakhitshi kunye neenyawo.. Uninzi lwezinto ezibonakalayo Downton Abbey livumba leentlanzi ezibolileyo.
kufuneka sithethe ngayo ubudlelwane kunye neengxaki ezivela kubudlelwane phakathi kwabakhonzi icocekile y unyanisekile neenkosi zabo. Ngokuqinisekileyo yayiyiloo nto wayecinga ngayo uFV Dewes, unyana wesicaka owathi kwiminyaka yamashumi asixhenxe wayezibuza ukuba kukho into ethethwayo okanye enokushenxiswa kulo mbandela. Intatheli ngokomsebenzi, waya emsebenzini waza wakhupha ileta Daily Telegraph becela imbali kwabo babefudula bengabasebenzi benkonzo yasekhaya ukubona ukuba kukho into ebalulekileyo onokuyithetha ngayo. Kwaye wow ukuba bekukho. Intsabelo eyothusayo yaba sisiqalo sale ncwadi.
Umfanekiso othembekileyo wobomi obuphezulu nangaphantsi
Ungaze phambi kwabakhonzi ibhalwa ngokubulela ubungqina bokwenyani obungenasiphelo obuqokelelwe nguFV Dewes. Ngabo bodwa bayakwazi ukudiliza ingcamango enqwenelekayo ebikhe yabakho (enkosi kakhulu kwifiction) yenkonzo, kunye neqamza egcinwe kulo, phakathi kweendonga ze-aristocratic. Apho, kuloo ndawo incinci, Kuye kwadalwa i-microcosm epheleleyo ethi le ncwadi ibonise ngendlela yamabali okwenene, ahlala ebuhlungu, aneemvakalelo, ukuhleka, amaxesha ahlekisayo, ukugxeka kunye nokuthotywa.. Inkonzo yasekhaya, eyayibunjwa ziimpelesi, abapheki, abahambi ngeenyawo, abahambi okanye abaphathi, kwakufuneka balandele imithetho ecacileyo nengqongqo, baze baphile ubomi obuphantsi kwentsapho yabo.
Le ncwadi ibhentsisa ubunyani boburhalarhume baba basebenzi bazifumana befuna ukusebenza kwikhaya elingelolabo., nabantu abangengosapho lwakhe. Iimbopheleleko zakhe zaziquka ukuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yeenkosi, ngoxa zazikwiimeko ezahluke gqitha. Isampulu yolwahlulo yimbudane yokukhathalela abantwana xa iimpelesi ezininzi bezikude nabantwana babo, ehlala kumagumbi abandayo kunye namagumbi aphilileyo, kulawulo olungqongqo lokuziphatha kwaye uhlala elindele ukubizwa nguMnu okanye uNksk. Kuba eneneni babesoloko benaye kwaye babengenabo ubuhlobo obusondeleyo okanye ubomi babucala.
Ukongeza kwi-classism, ibonisa ukunqongophala kokhuseleko kunye nokuba sesichengeni apho aba basebenzi basemakhitshini bazifumana khona, abathi ixesha elininzi babone inkonzo njengethuba ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo. Kwelakhe icala, yaye asifanele silibale ukuba imfuneko yokubalisa ibali laba bantu ibangelwa yindlela abaphathwa ngayo kunye nemisebenzi eyabelwe bona. Basoloko benolwazelelelo oluphantsi kunabanye abasebenzi.
Izigqibo
Incwadi kaFV Dewes iyasikhanyisela. Thetha ngoburharha nokunyaniseka, kodwa ubalaselisa ubunyani obuphilwa ngabasebenzi basemakhitshini kumashumi eminyaka. Wenza i-portrait eyinyani, ngaphandle kweentsomi malunga neemeko zaba bantu bahlala bebonwa ngabanye, ngokutshintshela ipleyiti yokutya, i-cot kunye nomvuzo ongenakuze uhlawule kwiimeko apho bazifumana khona kunye nonyango. bafumene (apho kukho, ukongeza kubungozi, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo). Ngalo lonke ixesha abasebenzi abalindelekileyo ubomi babo babulawulwa ngabanye ngamaxesha onke. Yayibubomi bokukhonza kwaye le yindlela umbhali weNgesi ayibhenca ngayo, unina naye wayengomnye wabo bakhonzi.
Iibrushstrokes malunga nombhali
UFrank Victor Dawes wayengumbhali wesiNgesi kunye nentatheli. Waphuhlisa umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa ngolu hlobo: wasebenza njengentatheli kwaye wathatha inxaxheba kwicandelo lomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wephephandaba laseBritani Imihla ngemihla yeHerald. Uye wabizwa ngokuba ngumlawuli weendaba kunye nomvelisi we BBC kunomathotholo. Kwaziwa ngayo Ungaze phambi kwabakhonzi. Le ncwadi yavela kwisidingo sokubalisa ibali lenkonzo yasekhaya, ekubeni nonina wayekhonzile. Emva kokubona ukuba maninzi amazwi avaliweyo okanye angahoywanga, wagqiba kwelokuba ayipapashe okokuqala le ncwadi ngo-1973.