Ukufunda ngumkhwa olungileyo, kusinceda ukuba sicinge ngobuchule, kusifundisa ukunxibelelana ngcono, kwaye kukhulisa amandla ethu okuhlalutya nokuqonda. Oko saqala ukukhula, abazali, ootitshala, kunye namalungu osapho bazamile ukusifundisa ukubaluleka kokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abatsha bafunda ngaphandle kwesibophelelo kwaye bayasilela ukuxabisa ixabiso lokwenene loncwadi. Ukuba uyadika ukufunda, oko akuthethi ukuba ungumfundi ongalunganga, kwaye ayikugwebeli ukuba ungabinakho ukonwabela incwadi emnandi. Mhlawumbi ekuphela kwento eyenzekayo kuwe kukuba awukafumani ukuba ungumfundi onjani okanye awuzange usondele kufundo ngokuchanekileyo (ngentshisakalo kwaye ungonqenayo). Kodwa ... unethamsanqa! Nangona kungade kube lixesha Ulutsha linqanaba elihle lokuqalisa kolo lonwabo kunye nokufumanisa ukuba ungubani na njengomfundi.
Kukho iibhiliyoni zeencwadi ezahlukileyo emhlabeni, ucinga ukuba akukho nanye eya kukwazi ukukuqinisekisa? Ukuzama iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezitayile kunye nokufumana iincwadi zolutsha ezinokukuncoma yindlela elungileyo yokufunda. Ndifuna ukwabelana nawe ngoluhlu lwam lweencwadi ezili-10 ezinconywayo zolutsha, ukuze ukhuthazwe kwaye wakhe owakho. Ukuba sele ungumfundi we-inveterate kwaye ulapha kuphela ekuzingeleni iincwadi ezintsha onokuzidla, ndiyathemba ukuba uyayifumana le posi inomdla ngokulinganayo.
Ooqongqothwane babhabha ukutshona kwelanga
Ndiyikhethile le ncwadi ukuba ibe ngaphezulu kolu luhlu kuba ibiyenye yezo zokuqala ezandirhintyela, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuchitha ubusuku bonke ndifunda ngethotshi phantsi kwengubo. Le ncwadana encinci yombhali waseSweden uMaria Gripe yinkcazo yokumisa kunye nobulungiseleli.. Le ncwadi ayiyonto intsha, endaweni yoko, yapapashwa ngo-1978 kwaye ayizange ifike eSpain kude kube ngo-1983. ukonwabisa njengomntu wokuqala owafundayo.
Umbhali ubalisa ibali labantu abancinci abathathu abazinikela ukukhathalela izityalo endlwini ehlotyeni.Ingabonakali inomdla, akunjalo? Kungenxa yokuba awunakucinga ngesixa seemfihlakalo ekufuneka zisonjululwe ezifihlwe ngaphakathi kweendonga zaloo ndlu. Oko kuqala njengomsebenzi wasehlotyeni kuya kujika kube libali eligcwele i-enigmas apho iyelenqe liqinisekisiwe. Uxolo, andizukuphinda ndikunike imikhondo! Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi, kuya kufuneka uzifundele ngokwakho.
Umbambisi kwirye
Le ncwadi ayikho okwangoku, kodwa yenye yezo zakudala oza kuyifunda kungekudala okanye kamva, ke ayinakuba ilahlekile phakathi kwezi zicetyiswayo. Ewe kufuneka ndivume ukuba le noveli ayikwazi ukoyisa wonke umntu. Umbhali wayo, uJD Salinger wayeyindoda ethe ngqo kwaye inokubonakala kwimisebenzi yakhe. Unesitayile esisesakhe kakhulu kwaye amabali akhe anokuthinta okukodwa.
Ngexesha layo, yapapashwa ngo-1951, Umbambisi kwirye Yayiyimpikiswano enkulu ngenxa yobukrakra ejongene nayo nemicimbi enokuba yimpikiswano, enjengokwabelana ngesondo okanye ukuxhaphaza ebusheni. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba usemngciphekweni wokuba ungayithandi, Kufuneka uwukhangele lo msebenzi kuba wahlukile kwiinoveli zolutsha. Olo thintelo lunesiraphu abanye banalo, luyanyamalala apha. U-Holden, umlinganiswa ophambili, ulutsha oludlulayo ebudaleni kwaye, encwadini, ibalisa iingcinga zakho kunye neemvakalelo zakho ngobunyani obuphezulu. Ulwimi, amabinzana, yonke into iyabaleka kwezopolitiko ezichanekileyo.
Iklabhu yokungaqondi kakuhle
Iklabhu yokungaqondi kakuhle yitrilogy yeenoveli zothando ibhalwe ngumbhali waseSevillian, uFrancisco de Paula Fernández, otyikitya ngegama elisithi "Blue Jeans". Iinoveli zixelela amabali eqela labahlobo abenza "Iklabhu yokungaqondakali kakuhle."
Iincwadi ezenza i-trilogy ngumzobo wezinto ezixhalabisayo kunye neengxaki esijongane nazo kulutsha lwethu. Uthando, ubuhlobo, usapho, umona, uvuyo, ukuphoxeka ...Umbhali uthatha uhambo kuzo zonke iikona zentliziyo yethu yokufikisa, inomdla nakwabo kudala bedlula kweli nqanaba.
I-Blue Jeans inesakhono sokuzibeka endaweni yabantu abancinci, isombulula, ukusuka kwiintsomi, imiba ebaluleke kakhulu kuloo minyaka kwaye iyenza loo nto ngenyaniso enkulu. Le nyaniso, ekwenza uzichonge kubalinganiswa, yiyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ndiwuthathe umsebenzi wakhe njengowona uphawuleka kakhulu ukufikisa kwam. Abalinganiswa bayinyani kangangokuba uyasokola, ukhale, uhleke, uthandane kwaye, ekugqibeleni, uzive nabo. Xa umbhali ekufezekisile oko, akunakufane ususe amehlo akhe kwiincwadi zakhe.
Amakhwenkwe ayakhala
Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
Awuthandi amabali othando kuba uziva ngathi onke alandela iipateni ezifanayo? Ndiyakuqinisekisa, nokuba awuyongxaki yeenoveli zothando, le ncwadi kaLeah Konen iyakumangalisa. Isenokuba, eneneni, ibe libali eliqhelekileyo lothando, kodwa ndiqinisekile ukuba awuzange wayifunda enye ibali lothando elibaliswa luthando ngokwalo.
Ewe kweli bali, umbalisi luthando, oluya kuhamba kunye nokuphoxeka, iimvakalelo ezingalawulekiyo, ukungazithembi, isiphithiphithi ngokweemvakalelo kwaye, ewe, ukutyunyuzwa kwenkwenkwe, njengalo naliphi na elivisayo, ejongene nolwalamano lwayo lokuqala ididekile. Le ndlela intsha ijika inoveli yothando "yesiqhelo" ibe ngumsebenzi wokuyila., ngokweemvakalelo nangokuhamba.
Abafazi abancinci
I-classic yokugqibela yeklasikhi endiza kuyifaka kuloluhlu lweencwadi ezili-10 zolutsha ukuba zifumaneke ngokufunda Abafazi abancinci. Incwadana kaLouisa May Alcott ilandela ubomi boodade abane ababehlala nomama wabo eNew England ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya yaseMelika. Nokuba inoveli yolutsha ejongene nemixholo njengophindaphindayo njengothando, ubuhlobo okanye usapho, Abafazi abancinci inecandelo elibalulekileyo elibalulekileyo. Abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo abaqaqamba kweli bali labasetyhini ababaliswa ngabafazi bahlala kwaye baneminqweno engaphaya komntu wendoda. Kungabonakala kuyinto eqhelekileyo ngoku, kodwa ukubeka ugxininiso kwabasetyhini kwaye ubabonise ngendlela uMeyi Alcott ababonisa ngayo, ngo-1868 kwakungekho esiqhelweni. Ngomlingiswa kaJo Matshi, kuye kwaboniswa obunye ubufazi kwimbonakalo yexesha. Udade wesibini wosapho isimntwiso sezimvo zombhali wayo, umkhuseli othembekileyo wesikolo sabasetyhini.
Kodwa ngaphaya kwexabiso elibalulekileyo, le noveli ngumsebenzi wokwenene wobugcisa. Uthando oluboniswe ngoodade, umahluko phakathi kweziganeko ezibuhlungu kunye nokutsha, uvuyo kunye nenkalipho abaphila ngayo, yenza eli bali libe yidayimani elungeleleneyo eya kukwenza ulile, uhleke kwaye, ekugqibeleni, uzive.
Ivenkile efihlakeleyo
Andikwazi ukuyeka ukubandakanya olu luhlu kolu luhlu. Ndikhule ndifunda u-Agatha Christie no-Arthur Conan Doyle, ke ndinobuthathaka obukhethekileyo kwinoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho nakubo bonke abo bagcina ubuqhetseba neemfihlakalo. Ivenkile efihlakeleyo ngu-Eugenio Prados unazo zonke izithako. Ngokubulala ukusombulula kunye nedosi elungileyo yeemfihlo kunye nemibuzo, le noveli iya kukufunxa kwiphepha ngalinye. Kule ncwadi, intombazana eneminyaka eyi-19 ifumanisa isidumbu sikayise eFrance, emva kweminyaka yokukholelwa ukuba umshiyile. Eli bhinqa lincinci lizakuphanda ukusweleka kwakhe, umsebenzi wakhe, iintsuku zakhe zokugqibela kwaye aqale uhambo olude apho azokubuza ukuba ngubani utata wakhe kwaye ungubani. Ukuba awukwazi ukumelana neqhina elilungileyo, ulinde ntoni? Le noveli iya kukuonwabisa.
Amabali amnandi obusuku bamantombazana avukelayo: Amabali ali-100 amabhinqa angaqhelekanga
Ngamanye amaxesha isingxengxezo sethu sokungafundi, kwaye ndithi esethu kuba senzeka nakum, kukungabikho kwexesha. Kunganzima, ngakumbi ukuba awukho eholideyini, ukuqala incwadi kwaye ungayishiyi isiqingatha sokuqala ukufunda. Xa ubuyela kuyo, awukhumbuli kwanto kwaye kuya kufuneka uphinde uphinde uphinde ekuqaleni. Amabali amafutshane ayiphelisa le ngxaki. Zininzi iincwadi ezidibanisa amabali amafutshane, onokuzifunda kwangoko. ngaphandle komyalelo.
Amabali amaGoodnight aMantombazana aMvukelayo: Amabali ali-100 aBasetyhini abaDala, uqokelela amabali aneenkwenkwezi zangempela ziyonwabisa kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuzifunda. Ukubaliswa kobomi babo, impumelelo yabo kunye namabali abo okoyisa aya kukoyisa kwaye kukwazise imizekelo ye-100 yabasetyhini ebebalulekile kwimbali. Ke, ukuba ukufunda inoveli ende ayisiyonxalenye yezicwangciso zakho ngoku, oku kunokuba lukhetho olukhulu lokusebenzisa ixesha lakho lasimahla.
Izitalato ezili-1775
Imibongo yinto engaqhelekanga kulutsha oluninzi, ukanti luhlobo olunokusinceda ukuba sazi kwaye sichaze indlela esivakalelwa ngayo. Izitalato ezili-1775, kwindawo ethile phakathi kweprozi kunye nemibongo. Le ncwadi, ebhalwe ngu-Offreds, ibandakanya imibongo eyi-1775 echaza uthando ngokuyinika igama lezitalato ezili-1775 zaseVigo. Ngombhalo onemvakalelo ephezulu, lo msebenzi uyila ngokubonakalayo iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo ezikhoyo kulutsha. Ukuba uqala kwimibongo, le ncwadi ayisosinyathelo sokuqala esibi.
I-anthology yesihobe
U-Mario Benedetti ngumbhali wase-Uruguay okwaziyo ukuthandana nesimbo sakhe sendalo, ngaphandle kobugcisa obuninzi, ulwimi oluthethwayo kunye nokuhlekisa. Ezi mpawu azenzi ukuba imisebenzi yakhe ingabi nzulu, kodwa bayayenza abagqatswa abafanelekileyo ukuzisa ulutsha kufutshane nemibongo. I-Poetic Anthology Yiyo ingqokelela yemibongo eyenziwe ngumbhali omnye kwaye sisampulu egqibeleleyo yomsebenzi wakhe kunye nendlela yakhe yokubhala. Iindinyana zakhe zemixholo eyahlukeneyo, kodwa apho uthando ludlala indima ephambili, luya kukwenza uluxabise uhlobo lwengoma kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ziya kukuhambisa.
Inenekazi nenamba
URay de Bradbury, umbhali we IziKronike zikaMartianUye wathi: "Kuya kufuneka utofe ifantasy ukuze ungafi ngokwenyani," kwaye ndivuma ngokupheleleyo. Ngesi sizathu, kwaye nangona ndiyavuma ukuba ayilulo uhlobo endiluthandayo, amaxesha ngamaxesha ndiyathanda ukondla ukucinga kwam ngencwadi elungileyo yesayensi okanye inoveli emnandi. Inenekazi kunye nenamba, ibiyeyona nto ikhethiweyo yokuvala olu luhlu lweencwadi zinconyelwayo zilishumi kubantu abancinci. Ndiqinisekile ukuba eli bali fantasy uya kufumana ulikhoboka. Umbhali wayo, uGema Bonnín, waqala ukuyibhala xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 kuphela ubudala.
Incwadana ibalisa ibali likaErika, intombazana engaqondakaliyo eyaba nguMama weNamba, phantse i-superheroine eya kukhusela ubulungisa ngaphezu kokubandlulula. Encwadini, umkhuseli weedragons uya kujongana nesigqibo esibalulekileyo: gcina isazisi sakhe siyimfihlo kwaye ulahlekelwe luthando lobomi bakhe okanye ushiye naye kwaye utyhile ukuba ungubani kanye kanye. Ngaphandle kokuvela kwilizwe elimnandi, Iyelenqe lilayishwe ngamaxabiso kunye nokugxekwa kwezentlalo okusebenzayo kwinyani.
Uluhlu olungamangalisayo, ndinethuba lokufunda iCatcher kwiRye kwaye yinoveli emnandi. Ndiza kujonga "ooBhungane Bhabha eSunset", yanditsala umdla.
-Gustavo Woltmann.