Iincwadi ezithengisa kakhulu

Ngaphandle kweBhayibhile-eneekopi ezingaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezintlanu-ezona ncwadi zathengiswa kakhulu embalini zabhalwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Imalunga ne Don Quixote (1605), nguMiguel de Cervantes kunye Imbali yezixeko ezibini (Ngo-1859), nguCharles Dickens. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezi zihloko zibhalisiweyo ngaphezulu kwekhulu elinamakhulu amahlanu ezigidi kunye neekopi ezingamakhulu amabini ezigidi ezithengisiweyo, ngokwahlukeneyo.

Kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX uluhlu lweencwadi ezineyona mpumelelo inkulu yokupapasha luza INkosi yamasongo, INkosana encinci y IHobbit. Ke,  Umbhali wase-Bhritane u-JRR Tolkien ubambe eyokuqala neyesithathu imibhalo ethengiswe kakhulu kule nkulungwane. Ngokufika kwe-millennium entsha, iwonga liwele ku-JK Rowling. Ewe, uMdali wehlabathi likaHarry Potter uphumelele isihlalo esiya kuba neendleko zokumhlutha.

INkosi yamasongo (1954), nguJRR Tolkien

Umxholo kunye nolungelelwaniso

Yapapashwa kwimiqulu emithathu phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-50: Ukudibana kweRingi, IiTowers ezimbini y Ukubuya kukaKumkani. I-Tolkien ekuqaleni yakhulelwa njengokuqhubeka kwe IHobbit. Nangona iqhinga lalo lilandelwe ngu I-Silmarillion. Apho iTolkien ibalisa ngeziganeko zeXesha lokuQala kunye nesiBini seLanga. Oko kukuthi, iminyaka yeeelves kunye nokunyuka kwamadoda.

Ngokufanayo, unomathotholo, imidlalo yeqonga kunye nomabonakude INkosi yamasongo Benze ukuba ibe lelona bali lidumileyo lenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ewe kunjalo, Iitrilogy zeefilimu ezenziwe nguPeter Jackson zaphela zisenza esi sihloko sidume kwihlabathi. Akumangalisi ukuba ibekwe phakathi kweefilimu ezilishumi eziphezulu kakhulu zefilimu ngalo lonke ixesha.

Impikiswano

Umhlaba ophakathi yindawo enkulu eqingqiweyo ehlala amadoda, i-hobbits, i-elves, i-dwarves kunye nezinye izidalwa ezintle. Pha, UFrodo Bolson, i-hobbit evela kwi-The Shire izuza njengelinye iRing. Emva kokufumana i-jewel eyenziwe yiNkosi emnyama, uqala uhambo oluyingozi nolunobungozi emazantsi ukuze alutshabalalise.

Umsebenzi ongenakuphepheka, ukubaluleka kwawo kushwankathelwe kwesi sivakalisi silandelayo: “… Isangqa sokubalawula bonke. Iringi yokuzifumana, iRingi yokubatsala bonke kwaye zibabambe ebumnyameni kwiLizwe likaMordor apho iZithunzi zisasazeka khona ”.

INkosana encinci (Ngo-1943), nguAntoine de Saint-Exupéry

Umxholo

INkosana encinci Yeyona ncwadi ifundwayo kwaye iguqulelwe kulwimi lwesiFrentshi kwimbali. Ngokwamajelo eendaba anje Le Monde, Zingaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-140 iikopi zale ncwadi esele zithengisiwe. Kwangokunjalo, lo msebenzi ubungumxholo wemidlalo emininzi kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya, kumabala emidlalo nakumabonwakude.

Unyaka emva kokupapashwa kwe INkosana encinci, Exupéry wanyamalala embindini wemishini yokuhlola ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. Ezi meko zibolekise umoya wentsomi kwindoda enegama elibalulekileyo kwimikhosi yomoya yaseFrance.

Isiqendu

Inkosana yePete -Isihloko sokuqala ngesiFrentshi- libali elinengoma elihamba kunye nemizobo (i-watercolor) eyenziwe ngumbhali ngokwakhe. KUNYEophambili ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya owenzakeleyo kwintlango yaseSahara; Apho udibana nenkosana encinci evela kwenye iplanethi. Nangona ibali lakhe lineempawu zebali labantwana, iqulethe ukubonakaliswa kwefilosofi ngobume bomntu kunye nentsingiselo yobomi.

Kumacandelo aliqela ebali, ukugxekwa kwindlela abantu abadala abajamelana ngayo nobukho babo kuyabonakala. Kwesinye isiqendu esinjalo, inkosi ibongoza inkosana encinci ukuba izigwebe. Ngokufanayo, Unxibelelwano phakathi kwenkosana encinci kunye nempungutye zibonelela ubume bobuhlobo nobunzima bobudlelwane babantu.

Into kaHarry Potter

"Umbhali wesaga edume kakhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu edlulileyo wayesequleni: engenamsebenzi, engenamali kwaye elilela ukufa kukanina xa wayedala umfundi wobugqi" (Ukucaciswa, 2020). UJoanne Rowling wagqiba umbhalo wakhe wokuqala kaHarry Potter ngo-1995. Ukubhalwa kwalahlwa ngabapapashi abaninzi de iBloomsbury yakhupha iikopi zokuqala ezili-1997 XNUMX ngo-XNUMX.

Unikezelo loncwadi ekudala lulindelwe lwenzeka emva kokuvela kwesahluko sesithathu se-saga ngo-1999. Ukufunyanwa kwamalungelo okuthengisa eMelika ngumshicileli weScholastic nako kwakubalulekile.. Eminye yimbali: kwiminyaka engama-20 kamva, isaga sikaHarry Potter siqokelela ngaphezulu kweencwadi ezizigidi ezingama-500 ezithengisiweyo kwaye ixabiso lophawu lwayo ligqitha kwi-15.000 yeedola.

Ibali likaHarry Potter ngamafutshane

Iincwadi ezisi-7 ezenza la manqaku zixela umlo ophakathi kukaHarry Potter, iwizard eyinkedama kunye nombulali wabazali bakhe, u-Lord Voldemort. Uninzi lwamanyathelo lwenzeka malunga neeHowarts, isikolo sase-Bhritane saseWizardry kunye nesiyilo esiqhutywa nguNjingalwazi u-Albus Dumbledore onamandla. Apho, umlinganiswa ophambili udibana nabahlobo bakhe abasenyongweni kunye noonografi abathembekileyo, uHermione Granger kunye noRon Wesley.

Uluhlu lwezihloko ezenza isaga sikaHarry Potter

• UHarry Potter kunye nelitye lesithandi-sobulumko (1997).
• UHarry Potter kunye neQela leeMfihlelo (1998).
• UHarry Potter kunye nebanjwa laseAzkaban (1999).
• UHarry Potter kunye neGoblet yoMlilo (2000).
• UHarry Potter kunye noMyalelo wePhoenix (2003).
• UHarry Potter kunye neNkosana yesiqingatha seGazi (2005).
• UHarry Potter kunye neeHallows zokuFa (2007).

Ukongeza, ngo-2001 Izilwanyana ezintle kunye nokubafumana phi. Kule meko, isigebenga sefilimu uWarner Bros iceba ukumilisela i-pentalogy. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iifilimu ezimbini kumdlalo weqonga u-Eddie Redmayne sele zikhutshiwe ngempumelelo.

Ezinye izihloko ezinxulumene noko

• UHarry Potter kunye noMntwana oqalekisiweyo. Iskripthi semidlalo yeqonga, esivezwe ngoJulayi 2016.
• Quidditch ukutyhubela iminyaka (2001). Incwadana yemidlalo kwimidlalo oyithandayo yemilingo yeewarth.
• Iimbali zeBeedle iBard (2012).

UDan Brown kunye nonyana wakhe wolahleko: URobert Langdon

UDan Brown ungumbhali wesibini othengisa kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX ngenxa yomlinganiswa wakhe uRobert Langdon, unjingalwazi oyingcali yesimboli kunye ne iconography. Phakathi kweencwadi ezibandakanya uLangdon, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, Ikhowudi yeDa Vinci (2003) yeyona iphumelele kakhulu (idlula iikopi ezizigidi ezingama-80 ezithengisiweyo).

Njengokuba oko akwanelanga, Umlingisi ophumelele amabhaso uTom Hanks umazise ebomini kuzo zontathu izinto ezenziwayo kwiscreen esikhulu iveliswe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Uluhlu olungezantsi zezinye izihloko ezibhalwe nguBrown kumlingiswa wakhe waseHarvard Docent:

• Iingelosi kunye needemon (2000).
• Uphawu olulahlekileyo (2009).
• Umlillo omkhulu (2013).
• Umvelaphi (2017).

Iincwadi eziThengisa ngokuGqwesileyo 2020

Uluhlu lweencwadi ezithengisa kakhulu i-2020 kwiSpanish ziyongamela I-Aquitaine, nguSpanish uEva García Sáenz de Urturi. Eli nqanaba liqinisekisa umzuzu obalaseleyo wokubhala kunye noworhwebo wombhali weVitorian, owaziwayo phakathi kwabafundi abathetha iSpanish ngeTrilogy yakhe yeSixeko esimhlophe. Kunye no-Urturi, omnye umbhali wenoveli ovela kumantla eSpain uvela, uDolores Redondo, waseDonostia.

I- "top 5" yempumelelo yokuhlela yowama-2020 iyigqibe Inkosi emhlopheNguJuan Gómez Jurado, Ubuncwane engcongolweningu-Irene Vallejo kunye Umgca womliloNgu-Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Kwelinye icala, IAmazon yalatha Esona sikolo sinqabileyo emhlabeni, NguPablo Aranda, njengombhalo wabantwana othengiswa kakhulu we-2020.

I-Aquitaine (Ngo-2020), nguEva García Sáenz de Urturi

I-Aquitaine kuyothusa Thriller Imbali ukutyhubela inkulungwane yempindezelo, umbulo kunye nemfazwe. Inoveli iqala ngonyaka we-1137, xa iDuke yase-Aquitaine-eyona ndawo ifunwayo eFrance-ifunyenwe iswelekile eCompostela. Ngesi sizathu, u-Eleanor, intombi kaDuke, utshata ngokuziphindezela kunyana weGallic king, uLuy VI wamafutha.

Nangona kunjalo, inkosi yaseFrance ibonakala ifile embindini womtshato ngendlela efanayo naleyo yesikhulu. Bobabini abangasekhoyo ulusu lujike lwaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye babhalwe "ukhozi lwegazi" (intuthumbo yakudala kaNorman). Ke, U-Eleanor no-Luy VII bajikela kwiintlola ze-Aquitaine (ezibizwa ngokuba "ziikati") ukucacisa ubunyani. Kuzo, umntwana osele elahliwe uya kuba sisitshixo kwikamva lobukumkani.

Amalungelo eNgelosi (2009), nguDolores Redondo

Inkangeleko yenoveli epapashwe ngo-2009 phakathi kwabona bathengisi bangama-2020 iyamangalisa. ukuthandwa kwesi sihloko "sisiphumo esibuyayo" somda weBaztán Trilogy eyenziwe nguRedondo. Le ncwadi isuka kwasekuqaleni ngokubalisa ngokusondelelana kobuhlobo phakathi kwamantombazana amabini aneminyaka emihlanu kunye nokusweleka emva komnye wabo.

Uphuhliso luqulathe uhlalutyo olunzulu lwengqondo. Ichaza ukwehla esihogweni sikaCeleste, ophambili, de kube kukutyhilwa kwamalungelo engelosi. Njengokuba imibuzo eyahlukeneyo evelayo ebalini iyacaca, umfundi ukhokelelwa kwisiphelo esimangalisayo.

Ubuncwane engcongolweni (2019), ngu-Irene Vallejo

Esi sihloko sifumene uluvo oluhle kakhulu kwizikhundla zoncwadi ezinje ngoMario Vargas Llosa, Alberto Manguel noJuan José Millas, phakathi kwabanye abaninzi. Ngokulinganayo, Amabhaso amaninzi aqokelelwe lolu papasho alubeka njengeyona ncwadi ingeyonyani ngeSpanish se2020. Ezinye zazo zikhankanywe ngezantsi:

• Ibhaso leLiso eliBalulekileyo lokuBalisa ngo-2019.
• Ibhaso le-Owl ngencwadi ebalaseleyo yowama-2019.
• Ibhaso lokuKhuthaza leSizwe leziFundo zeLatino 2019.
• Ibhaso loMbutho weThala leeNcwadi laseMadrid, eyona ncwadi ingeyonyani 2019.
• Ibhaso leSincoko leSizwe 2020.

Umgca womlilo (Ngo-2020), nguArturo Pérez-Reverte

Le ncwadi sisiphumo sophando lwe-titanic olwenziwe yintatheli yaseMurcian uArturo Pérez-Reverte. Isicatshulwa sizibhaptiza kwizizathu, ukukhula kunye neziphumo zeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain ngokwembono yokuzigxeka. Phi umbhali akathandabuzi ukuchaza intsholongwane yenkcubeko yongquzulwano kunye nendlela ezinye zezi zinto zingathandabuzekiyo eziqhubeka ngayo unanamhla.

Ukubaliswa kwesiqendu esinegazi kulo khuphiswano, iDabi lase-Ebro, kuyothusa ngokukodwa, ngaphezulu kwama-20.000 30.000 aswelekileyo kunye nama-XNUMX enzakeleyo. Ngendlela enye, UPérez-Reverte unikezela icandelo elungileyo lomsebenzi wakhe omkhulu (ngaphezulu kwamaphepha angama-700) ukuqaqambisa indima yabasetyhini abalwa. Kwaye, ewe, ngaphandle kokuthatha icala nangaliphi na icala.

Inkosi emhlophe (Ngo-2020), nguJuan Gómez-Jurado

Ikwanesihloko Ukumkanikazi obomvu 3, Inkosi emhlophe sisixa sesithathu setrilogy ehlonitshwa luluntu kunye nabagxeki boncwadi. Njengabaphambili bayo, le ncwadi ingena kwiwebhu enomdla kunye nokulutha, imidlalo ye-manias, inkohliso kunye novavanyo lwengqondo. Ukongeza, ayicacanga kubafundi ukuba le volumu iya kuba yeyokugqibela okanye ukuba kuya kubakho amanye amabali aneenkwenkwezi u-Antonia noJon.

Esona sikolo sinqabileyo emhlabeni (Ngo-2020), nguPablo Aranda

Le ncwadi yayiyeyona mthengisi iphambili ye-2020 kudidi lwabantwana ngokwezibalo zeAmazon. Libali apho uFede, umfundi ongumntwana weziko leelwimi ezimbini (iSpanish-IsiNgesi) ibonakaliswe ngeendlela ezizodwa zokufundisa. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba ingxelo ehlekisayo kunye nengathandekiyo ithathe amanqaku e-surreal.

Apho, abantwana balala ekhaya kuphela ngeempelaveki. Ewe, ukusukela ngoMvulo ukuya ngoLwesihlanu umzali ngamnye unoxanduva lomfundi wokuqala abamfumanayo. Ujongene nale meko, eumbalisi weziganeko-kumntu wokuqala-usombulula izinto ezingaziwayo ngokuqonda kwakhe njengomntwana kunye nokucinga okuqinisekileyo.