Ephawulwe ngeziqendu zembali eziza kuchaza i-millennium yangoku, inkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaba kukuqhushumba kwemisinga yoncwadi eyalungiswa ngenkululeko yamabali amadala, ukufunyanwa kweendlela ezintsha zokubaliswa kunye nexesha elalibhalwe kumaphepha ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kudlala. Olu khetho lwe ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX uba ngowona mzekelo mhle.
Ulysses, nguJames Joyce
Iguqulwe yaba kukucaphukisa komgxeki kangangeminyaka eyahlulwa, u-Ulysses kaJoyce uthetha ngenkulungwane, yexesha, yabalinganiswa abanobuqili abahamba kwizitrato zaseDublin befuna iimpendulo. Amabali ULeopold Bloom noStephen Dedalus inokuba yeyombhali omnye umbhali wayo ongaphakathi uchaza inxenye yalo msebenzi othatha igama lakhe kummeli ophambili waseHomer's Odyssey njengendlela yokutshintsha amabali angapheliyo kumaxesha amatsha, afuna ezinye iimbono. Iqwalaselwe ngabaninzi njenge Eyona ncwadi ibhalwe ngesiNgesi ngekhulu lama-XNUMXI-Ulise ikhokelele kwinkcubeko ngokwendlela yeendlela zabakhenkethi kunye nemibhiyozo yonyaka eqinisa ngakumbi ilifa lomsebenzi.
Ukukhangela ixesha elilahlekileyo, nguMarcel Proust
Yenziwe ngu iinxalenye ezisixhenxe ezibhalwe nguProust phakathi kowe-1908 nowe-1922 (abathathu kubo emva kokufa), UkuKhangela ixesha elilahlekileyo lithetha ngexesha, elikaMarcel, umfana osencinci onobukrelekrele ofuna ukuba ngumbhali kwaye emke kwindlela emiselweyo yokulandela amaqela kunye nesondo. Umboniso obandakanya izingqinisiso zokuqala zekhonkrithi ubufanasini kuncwadi kunye nobufazi obuphakanyisiweyo obunciphisa ubudoda kwimbonakalo elula, eyakha eyona misebenzi inempembelelo kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Iidiliya Zomsindo, nguJohn Steinbeck
Ophumelele umvuzo we-pulitzer kunye nomsebenzi oza kuchaza ixesha elifana neThe Great Depression, iidiliya zomsindo, epapashwe ngo-1939, yenye ye imisebenzi emikhulu yoncwadi lwaseMelika. Uhambo losapho lakwaJoad, lunyanzelwe ukuba lushiye e-Oklahoma luye e-California emva kokubona imihlaba yabo ithathiwe, iba ngumzobo wexesha elibonakaliswe kukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kunye nolindelo oluphazamisekileyo kwikamva. Iklasikhi epheleleyo.
Idayari ka-Ana Frank
Zimbalwa iincwadi eziye zakwazi ukuthetha inyani kwisihogo ngokwaso; kungaphantsi kancinci ukuba intombazana eneminyaka elishumi elinesithathu eyakhe yaphupha ngehlabathi elingcono. U-Anne Frank kunye nosapho, onke amaYuda, abaleke ukuthinjwa ngamaNazi ngokuzimela kwigumbi eliphezulu lendlu endala eAmsterdam ukusukela nge-12 kaJuni, 1942 ukuya ku-Agasti 1, 1944, umhla abafunyanwa ngawo kwaye bathunyelwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Ixesha elide apho uFrank oselula wabhala ilizwe lakhe, umbono wakhe wehlabathi kunye nobomi ekwakusafuneka abufumene kwidayari eya kuhlangulwa nguyise, kuphela komntu osinde kule ntlekele.
INkosana encinci, nguAntoine Saint-Exupéry
I-Aviator kunye nombhali, uSaint-Exupéry waphefumlelwa kukufika entlango yaseSahara ukubalisa ibali lomqhubi wenqwelomoya obalekela kwinkwenkwana emnyama ebaleke kwi-asteroid esongelwa bubukho bebaobabs. Uhambo olufutshane kodwa olunzulu lweNkosana eNcinci lwasebenza ukufumana izikweko ezahlukileyo zehlabathi elingafezekanga apho loo mpungutye ifuna ukufuywa okanye usomashishini obala iinkwenkwezi imele into eqhubekayo unanamhla. Ayilixesha kwaye ibalulekile kwabancinci nakwabadala.
Lolita, nguVladimir Nabokov
Xa ibali lokuzingca komfundisi-ntsapho wezengqondo ngumlingane wakhe oneminyaka elishumi elinambini lapapashwa ngo-1955, umhlaba waba nomsindo kwaye abahloli benyusa. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, wonke umntu uya kuqonda umgangatho owona msebenzi udumileyo waseNabokov waseRussia, isiseko sokuqonda ukunyanga kwengqondo kuluntu apho isimilo kunye neenqobo zokuziphatha zihlala zithintelwe ngumnqweno ongayiqondiyo iminyaka okanye ubudlelwane.
Iminyaka Elikhulu yokuba wedwa, nguGabriel García Márquez
Ngexesha leenyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo zobunzima kunye noqoqosho, uColombia uGabriel García Márquez wabhala eseMexico City incwadi eyayiza kutshintsha uncwadi lwaseLatin America ngonaphakade. Ishicilelwe ngo-1967, Iminyaka Elikhulu yokuba wedwa yiyo inoveli enempembelelo enkulu yaseSpain yenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ayisiyiyo kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwe- I-Latin American boom yama-60s kunye nobunyani bobunyani Ndikhona ezitalatweni kunye nabalinganiswa bedolophu elahlekileyo yaseMacondo, kodwa ukubamba imbali yelizwekazi liphela phakathi kwamaphepha ayo ngonaphakade.
Ngo-1984 nguGeorge Orwell
Isibuko esimnyama, iTalema yesicakakazi ... wedstopia Ingene kubomi bethu ngokohlobo lweefilimu, uthotho kunye neencwadi ezinetyala lemifanekiso yazo ukuya ku-1984, inoveli kaGeorge Orwell yapapashwa kwiminyaka embalwa emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi apho umhlaba waqala ukuphinda ucinge ngezizathu zamashwa awo neziphumo zazo. Cwangcisa kwiNgilani yexesha elizayo apho ubhuti omkhulu ilawula ubomi babo bonke abemi bayo, ingqikelelo ka-1984 iyothusa njengoko inokwenzeka xa sihlalutya ikhosi yamaxesha akhoyo apho ulawulo luqala ngeselula.
Ukubulala iMockingbird nguHarper Lee
Iguqulwe yaba inoveli efundwa ngokubanzi malunga nobuhlanga bekhulu lama-XNUMXUkubulala i-Mockingbird ngu-Harper Lee, epapashwe ngo-1960, yincwadi yodidi eye yasebenza ukuqonda imbali yobuhlanga yase-United States engasonjululwanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngamehlo katata wakhe, u-Atticus Finch, umbalisi womdlalo kunye nomkhuseli womntu omnyama otyholwa ngokudlwengula umfazi omhlophe ngexesha loxinzelelo olukhulu, uScout Finch omncinci uba guqula igosa Ukusuka kumbhali oqhelene nale nyani okoko ekhumbula. Ngo-2015, inxalenye yesibini ebhaliweyo ngaphambi kokubulala iMockingbird ngokwayo yapapashwa phantsi kwegama Hamba uthumele umlindi.
UHarry Potter kunye nelitye lefilosofi nguJK Rowling
Zimbalwa, okanye mhlawumbi akukho, iziganeko zoncwadi ezinokulinganiswa ngokuchasene noko kubangelwe I-saga yenkwenkwe yewizard uHarry Potter kunye nokuzidela kwakhe kwiSikolo seHogwarts sobugqwirha kunye neWizardry. Umsebenzi wokuqala, opapashwe ngo-1997 ukusuka kumbhalo-ngqangi womama oselula oqhawule umtshato nongaphangeliyo, uHarry Potter kunye nelitye lefilosofi, waba lilizwi lokufikisa eliza kukhokelela kwezinye iincwadi ezintandathu (ngaphandle kokubala uHarry Potter kunye nelifa lemveli) elinenani elipheleleyo inyuke yaya kwi-15 yezigidigidi ngo-2007.
Zithini, ngokoluvo lwakho, ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo zekhulu lama-XNUMX?
Ayisiyonto imbi kangako, -kuba ihlazo lomnye umntu lisenza-, kwaye iyasigculela, bafundi; "umgxeki wezoncwadi", odwelise ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo ze-S20; Oko kubandakanya ubuqhetseba njengoko kufanele kuqwalaselwe kuluhlu lweprayimari yoncwadi yoluntu, ubuqhetseba bento abayibiza ngokuba "yidayari ka-Anne Frank", ubuqhetseba obusekwe izihlandlo ezilikhulu elingenasiphako. Ayinayo nayiphi na into efanelekileyo yokuyibonisa "njengencwadi" okanye njengomsebenzi woncwadi kuba ingenalo ixabiso lokubhala. Lo "msebenzi" uthatha kuphela ixabiso elingathandabuzekiyo labanye abakhankanyiweyo kwaye uyawenza ngokungafanelekanga ngokuthelekisa nabo babhalwe ngababhali bokwenyani "iinkomo ezingcwele" ngokwemiqathango yoncwadi.