I-Biography kunye neencwadi ezilungileyo zikaCharles Dickens

Kucingwa njengenye ye ababhali abakhulu bembali Ngokukodwa i-Victorian yaseNgilani eyayibambe ngobuchule kwimisebenzi yayo, uCharles Dickens uyaqhubeka nokuba ngumbhali onempembelelo kwizizukulwana eziqhubeka nokubona kuyilo luka-Oliver Twist umzobi ogqibeleleyo wexesha kunye nendawo. Sizicwilisa kwi- ngobomi kunye neencwadi ezilungileyo zikaCharles Dickens Ukuphonononga zonke izinto ezingafaniyo nayo.

UCharles Dickens I-Biography: Enye iLondon

Wazalelwa ngoFebruwari 7, 1812 eLandport, indawo yesixeko saseNgilane iPortmouth, uCharles Dickens wayengunyana kaJohn Dickens, unobhala wenqanawa, noElizabeth Barrow, umama wendlu. Umntwana ebuntwaneni bakhe yaphawulwa yimali engapheliyo yotata wakhe, ukungabikho kwemfundo de kube yiminyaka eli-9 okanye emibini ihamba, enye iya eKent enye eCamdem Idolophu, ngelo xesha yenye yezona ndawo zihlwempuzekileyo eLondon.

Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-12, utata wakhe wayevalelwe entolongweni ngenxa yokufumana amatyala amaninzi, avumela usapho ukuba lwabelana ngesisele nebanjwa, nangona uDickens wayethunyelwe kwikhaya eligcina abantwana kwaye enyanzelwa ukuba aqale ukusebenza kumzi-mveliso wokucoca izihlangu. , umsebenzi ahlawula ngawo indawo yokuhlala kwaye wanceda usapho lwakhe. Ngeli xesha, uncwadi lwaba ngumlingani wakhe omkhulu, Ukuchitha iinoveli zepicaresque kunye nemisebenzi efana noDon Quixote de la Mancha, into ayithandayo eyongeza kubomi bakhe obubuhlungu yavumela uDickens ukuba ajike umsebenzi wakhe wexesha elizayo ube yindawo egqibeleleyo yobuntwana obudumileyo obuhlwempuzekileyo eLondon, imeko awayeyigxeka kaninzi.

Ngomnyaka we-1827, eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, waqala ukusebenza njenge-stenographer yenkundla kwaye emva konyaka njengentatheli ye-Doctor's Commons kunye nomlobi we-True Sun. Ekugqibeleni, umsebenzi wakhe njenge ntatheli yezopolitiko ye-Morning Chronicle yamvumela shicilela incwadi yakho yopapasho lwezopolitiko, ihokhe yokuqala yabaphulaphuli eyayiza kuzitya iincwadi zakhe ngokuzimisela kwiminyaka kamva.

Ngo-1836 watshata noCatherine Thompson Hogarth, owayenabantwana abalishumi kunye naye, wazama ukufaka ubuKrestu ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka nencwadi elula yolwimi ebizwa ngokuba nguBomi beNkosi yethu. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe njengomhleli kumaphephandaba aliqela kwamvumela ukuba apapashe U-Oliver Twist, eyapapashwa ngezavenge kangangeenyanga ezimbini ngo-1837. Ubungqondi bukaDickens ekwenzeni uthotho lwemidlalo kungenxa yomdla wakhe wokuzisa uncwadi lwakhe kubantu abaninzi, abafana naye njengomntwana, babengenayo imali yokuthenga iincwadi ezipheleleyo.

Ngale ndlela, uDickens waqala ukukhula njengombhali, efumana iipropathi kwaye ezama ukwandisa amazwi akhe kwihlabathi liphela, ngakumbi eUnited States, apho umsebenzi wakhe Amanqaku avela eMelika, ngokuchasene nobukhoboka obabulawula kwelinye icala leAtlantic. , yamkhokelela kwizigxeko ezahlukeneyo. Okokugqibela, isebenza njenge IKarimesi yeKarimesi (1843) okanye uDavid Copperfield (1850), bagqibela ngokumngcwalisa ngaphandle kokukhokelela kwingxaki ephawulwe ngumvuzo wokuhlela owawungonelanga. Yile ndlela uCharles Dickens agqibe ngayo ukuhamba eYurophu kwaye adibana nabanye ababhali ngaphambi kokuba abe Olunye lwezona zinto zibalulekileyo eLondon ngokulungiselela iinkomfa ezahlukeneyo, ukuseka iphephandaba lakho okanye inkampani yeqonga.

Ukuphela kwee-1850s kwazisa uDickens njengobukrakra obunjengokuvuya: ngokuhambelana nendalo Imbali yezixeko ezibini, ngomnye wemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu, waqhawula umtshato nenkosikazi yakhe uCatherine. Imeko ubuncinci enempikiswano inikwe ubandlululo oluninzi olwalukho ngokuchasene noqhawulo mtshato eVictorian London.

Ngexesha leminyaka elandelayo, uDickens wafumana ingozi kaloliwe eyayiza kuphawula inqanaba lokugqibela lobomi bakhe, nangona wayeqhubeka nokusebenza ngokungakhathali de kwasekufeni kwakhe, ngoJuni 9, 1870, ngenxa yesifo.

Ubomi obumakishwe kungekuphela ngoonobumba kuphela, kodwa ngumsebenzi wentlalo kuwo onke amanqanaba awonga umbhali oye wangumqondiso wexesha.

Iincwadi ezilungileyo zikaCharles Dickens

U-Oliver Twist

Uguqulwe waba ngumsebenzi ongapheliyo owanikwa ukungalingani okukhoyo kwihlabathi kunye nemeko yalo njengelaphu elifanelekileyo lokugxeka ubundlobongela obahlukeneyo obandakanya abantwana abamsulwa, U-Oliver Twist lelinye lawona mabali makhulu kaDickens. Ipapashwe ngezavenge ezahlukeneyo kwi I-1837, yinoveli yokuqala ukubonisa umntwana njengoyena mntu uphambili, u-Oliver eyimifanekiso yesizukulwana, umntwana ohluphekileyo noyinkedama osetyenziswa ngootsotsi besi sixeko ukwenza ubugebenga obahlukeneyo. Imeko eyaziwayo nguDickens xa wayevela eLondon kunye ne-picaresque yaseLondon awayeyibambe ngomsindo othile kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe.

Ibali leKrisimesi

Yapapashwa ngo-1843, Ibali leKrisimesi ithatha ubungqina bexesha apho iNgilani yanikezela khona ukuvuselelwa kwezithethe zakudala zeKrisimesi Ukukhuthazwa luncwadi okanye imikhwa evela kwinkundla yama-Victorian. Yile ndlela lo msebenzi waba yimpahla kaDickens yokujonga indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu ngexesha elinobukrelekrele, ngakumbi likaMnu Scrooge, ixhego elidala ekufuneka linikezele kwiziporho zeKrisimesi yakhe eyahlukileyo ukuze linyibilikise intliziyo yomkhenkce. Njengayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe, iKarimesi yeKarimesi iye yahlengahlengiswa kwimidlalo yeqonga nakwifilimu izihlandlo ezininzi.

UDavid Copperfield

Ngokunokwenzeka umsebenzi ngoyena mntu ugqithisileyo, UDavid Copperfield wayesoloko "unyana othandekayo" kaDickens. Umlinganiswa ophambili, okhuliswe ngutata okhohlakeleyo kunye nomama othobelayo, ubumele ubomi bombhali, uthando, abahlobo, ukuphoxeka okanye impumelelo elandelwayo ukususela ekuzalweni kwakhe ukuya ekufeni kwakhe. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, enye yeefayile ze- eyona misebenzi inempembelelo yombhali eyapapashwa ngo-1850 ngezavenge ezahlukeneyo.

Imbali yezixeko ezibini

Inoveli yesibini ethengiswa kakhulu kwimbali emva kukaDon Quixote de la Mancha yafika ngo-1859 yaba yimagna kaDickens. Uhlalutyo lwexesha ngokusebenzisa i-prism yezixeko ezibini: iLondon enoxolo nezolileyo kunye neParis apho ukuphazamiseka kunye nokudelela kwabantu abangonelisekanga yimeko yabo kuhlafunwa. Leyo yayiyimpumelelo yenoveli, ukuba emva kokuhanjiswa okokuqala kwe-12 lamawaka eekopi kwaqhubeka ukuba ne-100 lamawaka ngeveki.

Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda Imbali yezixeko ezibini?

Amathemba amakhulu

Ikhulelwe ngokubanzi phantsi kwendlela efanayo noDavid Copperfield, Olindelweyo omkhulu ngu inoveli yokufunda inokufumana kwizalathiso ezahlukeneyo kubomi bombhali. Cwangcisa ngaphezulu kwamashumi amabini anesibhozo eminyaka, inoveli ibalisa ngenguqu kaPhillip Pirrip, umkhandi wentsimbi ofuna ukuba yinkosi yesidwangube samaNgesi nangona kukho iziporho ezininzi zakudala ekuzakufuneka alwe nazo. Inoveli yayi yapapashwa kwimiba eyahlukeneyo phakathi ko-1960 no-1961 ukuba yimpumelelo.

Ufundile Amathemba amakhulu?

Zithini, ngokoluvo lwakho, ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo zikaCharles Dickens?