Ukulwa kwekati (Iplanethi, 2010) yimbali ebhalwe nguEduardo Mendoza. Iphumelele iBhaso lePlaneta ngo-2010. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlelo, inokuvela kwakhona inesihloko esithi Ukulwa kwekati. IMadrid ngo-1936. Umxholo weqhinga kufuneka ubekwe ekuqaleni kwemfazwe yaseSpain xa imiphumo yokuvukela kwezenhlalakahle, okanye izenzo zobundlobongela, ezifana nokuhlaselwa kukaJosé Calvo Sotelo, kwakungekalinganiswa.
U-Anthony Whitelands ngumgxeki wobugcisa oliNgesi ofika eMadrid kwiinyanga ezingaphambi kobhukuqo-mbuso.. Ubizwa yi-aristocrat emthuma ukuba axabise umzobo onokuthi ube yiVelázquez. Le nyaniso, ekuqaleni yayingaphawuleki kwiziganeko ezimnyama zezopolitiko ezazisenzeka ngelo xesha, inokuthetha utshintsho kwixesha elizayo laseSpeyin.
Umlo wekati: umfanekiso otshintshe indlela yaseSpain
Ibali elixuba imbali kunye nentsomi
UAnthony Whitelands, ingcali yobugcisa kunye nengcali yeSpanish Golden Age, waya eMadrid ngentwasahlobo yowe-1936 ecelwe ngumthengisi wezobugcisa. Engayinaki yonke into eyenziwayo kwikomkhulu laseSpain ngenxa yeyelenqe lezopolitiko, ukungazinzi kunye nobundlobongela obubambe ilizwe lonke, uyonwabile kunye nabasetyhini abahlukeneyo ngelixa esonwabela isixeko esihlala simthakazelisa. Nangona kunjalo, Ikhomishini oyifumeneyo inokugqiba ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwikamva laseSpain.
I-Duke yase-Igualada yi-grandee yaseSpain, isityebi kunye nenkcubeko, uvelwano lwentshukumo yelizwe. Kuyabonakala ukuba ufuna ukusindisa usapho lwakhe ngokushiya ilizwe ukuba izinto ziyaqhubeka ziba nzima. Ungumhlobo kaJosé Antonio Primo de Rivera kunye Kufuneka uqikelele umzobo onawo kwindawo yakho yokuhlala ukubala ukuba unokunceda kangakanani unobangela ngawo. Ineminye imizobo emininzi exabisekileyo, kodwa leyo ingakumbi inokuba yiVelázquez.
Kulo mfanekiso, iyelenqe lobuntlola liyavezwa kuba kuya kubakho umdla omninzi esichengeni.. Ngokunjalo, malunga nalo mlinganiswa uyintloko ongenabungozi, uAnthony Whitelands, iintlola kunye nabantu abahlukeneyo bezizwe ngezizwe abavela eJamani, eNgilani okanye eSoviet Union, ukongeza kurhulumente weRiphabhlikhi yaseSpain uqobo, baya kwenza iyelenqe lokuthintela le Velazquez ixabisekileyo kwaye icingelwa ukuba iyinto yexabiso. izicwangciso zePrimo de Rivera.
Iimpawu zenoveli ehamba kwixesha laseMadrid
Izicwangciso ezimbini ezivula kwibali eliyilwe nguMendoza ziya kugcina umfundi exakekile ngabalinganiswa abahlukeneyo, apho kukho abambalwa, nangona baya kukwazi ukuhamba kumaphepha eveli ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulahleka. Eli yelenqe lidibanisa abalinganiswa abayintsomi kunye nabanye abalinganiswa bembali ababaluleke kakhulu eSpain ngelo xesha.. Yindibaniselwano egqibeleleyo eyenza Ukulwa kwekati ngumfanekiso obalisayo oyonwabisayo ongayishiyiyo inxalenye yembali, yoncwadi neyobugcisa.
Yincwadi enomgangatho wokubalisa oqhelekileyo wombhali wayo, umbhali wenoveli ozinikeleyo, owathi, ukongeza. Izoba imeko ethembekileyo, yeemeko zokwenyani anokuthi umfundi ahambe ngazo ukuya eMadrid ngelo xesha kunye namava kuqala ngemeko enzima yelizwe eliselunxwemeni lwentlekele. Kwakhona kufanelekile ukugqamisa ziinkcazo ezineenkcukacha zikaMendoza zobugcisa beSpanish kunye nemizobo ethile evela kwiMyuziyam yasePrado. Konke oku kwenza inoveli eguqukayo ehamba ngaphaya kwemida yoncwadi. Kwelinye icala, le noveli iqulathe ukuchukumiseka kobo burharha apho iincwadi ezibhalwe nguMendoza zihlala zikhomba khona.
Izigqibo kunye "kodwa"
Ukulwa kwekati Ungumzekelo omhle wothungelwano olubalisayo lwembali apho uMendoza athanda ukuvuyisa abafundi bakhe. Ngaphandle kokuphambukisa kulo msebenzi, malunga nezinto ezininzi ezilungileyo ekufuneka zithethwe, ukongeza kwinoveli enomxholo webali elilukiweyo, abalinganiswa abakhethekileyo kunye nesimbo sayo, Inoveli mhlawumbi ayihambelani namabango eminye imisebenzi yangaphambili yalo mbhali.. Ngaphandle koku, u-Eduardo Mendoza wazisa umfundi kwimbali, yezopolitiko kunye nentlalontle phambi kokuqala kweMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain ngokusebenzisa ikomkhulu elixakekileyo.
Sobre el autor
UEduardo Mendoza wazalelwa eBarcelona ngo-1943. Ungumbhali weencwadi zenoveli onemveliso yoncwadi ebanzi kakhulu ekwathanda ukuvunywa kakhulu. Ufumene, phakathi kwezinye, iBhaso labaGxoki, ibhaso leCiuta de Barcelona, iBhaso leNoveli kaJosé Manuel Lara, ibhaso leTerenci Moix, ibhaso leKafka, kunye neBhaso leNcwadi yoNyaka kwiGuild yabathengisi beencwadi baseMadrid. Umsebenzi we-boudoir of misses (2001). Ngaphandle koko, Kwi-2016, waphumelela i-Cervantes Prize ehloniphekileyo.
Lo mbhali ufunde uMthetho kunye neSociology. Ngaphambi kokuba azinikele ngokupheleleyo kuncwadi, wazinikela kwezemali nasekuguquleleni. Wayesenza lo msebenzi kwi-UN kwisiXeko saseNew York. Ngowe-1975 waqala nge Inyaniso malunga necala likaSavolta. Emva kwale noveli ezininzi ngakumbi ziya kulandela, ezifana Imfihlakalo ye-haunted crypt (1979) Isixeko sokulinga (1986) Akukho ndaba zivela kwigurb (Ngo-1991, 2011, 2014), Unyaka womkhukula (1992), okanye Umzabalazo wengxowa nobomi (2012).