UBarbara Gil. Udliwano-ndlebe nombhali weNtsomi yeVolcano

UBarbara Gil, intatheli, umbhali kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho woncwadi, upapasha inoveli yakhe yesibini enesihloko Intsomi yentaba-mlilo yintoni ephumayo namhlanje kwimarike. Kulo olubanzi udliwano ndlebe Usixelela ngaye kunye neminye imixholo emininzi malunga nehlabathi lopapasho kunye ne Inkqubo yoyilo zamabali abo. Wena Ndiyayibulela Lininzi ixesha lakho kunye nobubele.

UBarbara Gil - Udliwano-ndlebe 

• ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Inoveli yakho entsha inesihloko intsomi yentaba-mlilo. Usixelela ntoni ngayo kwaye yavela phi le mbono?

BARBARA GIL: Yiyo adventure zembali kunye zothando, kodwa ngesingqisho se Thriller, okanye ndiye ndazama. Ukwenza lula kakhulu: isepha opera yosapho, ukubulala, ukuqhubela phambili okungenakunqandeka komzila kaloliwe, ubukhoboka, ukuzalwa kweeriphabliki zebhanana, ukukhulelwa kwe ubukhulu bentloko kwiLatin America, ukulwela umhlaba, ukufunyanwa kwe ubuncwane beminyaka eliwaka, umfazi phakathi kwamadoda amabini, isini okanye i-salsaillo, njengoko abahlobo bam bayibiza ... Kwaye enye protagonista leyo, ngaphezu kwako konke, ngu-a umlandeli omkhulu.  

Ndiyathanda ukwenza abafundi bahambe, kwaye kwinoveli yam yesibini bendifuna ukufumana indawo egqibeleleyo engaqhelekanga: ilizwe endinokubalekela kulo ukuze ndiphinde ndinxibelelane nendalo, nathi, kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, ukuze siphile ulonwabo olukhulu. icosta Rica Ndilukuhlwe zezizathu ezithathu: lilizwe elingagutywanga, elingenamkhosi (xa ufika bakubulise ngesimilo sabo.Ubomi obumsulwa!, kwaye leyo yindlela enobuhlobo kwaye ibaluleke ngayo umlingiswa weTicos) kunye nabo isakhelo sembali es esimnandi, kodwa ayaziwa kuluntu ngokubanzi.  

Xa ndifunda Eyona nto ndiyithanda kakhulu kukufunda izinto ezintsha, ngoko ndathenga itikiti lenqwelo-moya ndaza ndaya kuphanda. Kungelo xesha ke, xa ndibuza ngembali yeli lizwe emva kokuzimela kwalo kwi-Spain ngo-1821, apho ndaye ndabona ukuba kwakumangalisa ngokwenene ukuzalwa kwalo njengesizwe esinxibelelene nelizwe. ulwakhiwo lukaloliwe oludumileyo, eyakhokelela kwi carrera imeteoric khulisa koololiwe kunye namasimi ebhanana akuMntla Merika UCooper Omncinci uKeith.

Yayingubani uMncinane Cooper Keith

Le ndoda wavuselela iimfazwe zebhanana ukuze axhase ngemali iqumrhu lakhe, kodwa kwakhona ukubonga kuye kwaqala ugqatso lophuhliso lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho lwaseCosta Rica olwasasazeka kulo lonke elaseLatin America. Yayingumfanekiso lowo uzimisele ikamva nje kuphela Costa Rica, kodwa yonke Americakunye nehlabathi. Bambiza ngokuba yiKumkani yaseCosta Rica engathweswanga sithsaba, kwanoKumkani weBhanana. Igama elibi elithi "i-banana republics" lavela malunga nomfanekiso wakhe. Kwenzeka njani ukuba kungabikho ntsomi ngalo? Kukho ii-documentaries, ewe, kunye nezinye iincwadi kunye namanqaku amaninzi ephephandaba, kodwa incwadi ye-fiction yezorhwebo, hayi. Ivela kwi Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa, nangona kungenakuqiniseka ukuba nguye ngenxa yokuba uGarcía Márquez akatsho igama lakhe.

Kwaye ke ibali lifikile kum: Ndayila isithandwa, eya kuba ngumlinganiswa oyintloko, a umfazi omncinci onesibindi nophuphayo, umhambi omkhulu owayenokuchasa umbono owoyisayo we-Minor's capitalist imperialism, kunye ifanekisela amaxhoba ukuba iCosta Rica yabandezeleka ngaloo minyaka yokuqala yokukhangela ubuni kunye nenkqubela phambili, apho abantu baseMntla Melika babeyazi indlela yokuthatha inzuzo yabo.

• AL: Ngaba uyazikhumbula naziphi na izifundo zakho zokuqala? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?

BG: Ndikhumbula ngezifundo zothando ezikhethekileyo ezandiphawula ebusheni, njenge Quartet yaseAlexandria, Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezohlwayo, Olubomvu nomnyama, kunye nolunye ufundo oluphembelele izihloko endithanda ukujongana nazo (ukusinda, ukungakhathali, ukuzazi kwezizwe) ezifana umke nogquthe, Iinkumbulo zeAfrika o Imfazwe noxolo. Ewe kunjalo iinoveli ezonwabisa eyandinceda ukuba ndiyile umlinganiswa oyintloko weNtsomi yeVolcano: IiMusketeers ezintathu, uDon Quixote, iKnight of the Cart, LIihambo zikaGulliver, Isiqithi sobuncwane, Ehlabathini jikelele kwiintsuku ezingama-80...

Ngokuchaseneyo nabanye babafundi abafikisayo abeza kwiindibano zocweyo zam kwaye abasele bebhale hayi enye, kodwa iinoveli ezininzi, ndifike emva kwexesha. Ngobudala bakhe wabhala iingcinga, imiboniso, kodwa akukho nto inokubizwa ngokuba yimbali. Ndabhala amabali athile ngexesha leYunivesithiKodwa akukho nto ndiyazingca ngayo. Inoveli yam yokuqala Ndayibhala xa ndandineminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithoba ubudala, ukwenzela Isidanga seMasters kwisikolo saseMadrid sababhali, kwaye yayingaqhelekanga kwaye ingumfuniselo kangangokuba abanye ootitshala bandinika u-0 kunye nabanye i-10. 

Ababhali, amasiko okudala kunye neentlobo

• AL: Umbhali oyintloko? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo. 

BG: Ndiyabathanda wonke umntu. Kukuba ndingcangcazela phambi kwalombuzo kuba ngenye imini ndiya kukuxelela Isabel Allende, IMarguerite Duras, uGabriel Garcia Marquez, uMario UVargas Llosa, kwaye ngosuku olulandelayo, uJuan URulfo, Ignacio Ferrando, Alice Munroe, iintyatyambo Murdoch, Dumas. Kwaye okulandelayo, Jack London, Raymond Umkhweli, JD Isalinger, URay IBradbury, uPhilip Dick, uStanislaw Lem, uMikhail bulgakov… Umntu ngamnye kuyise nomama wakhe. Kwaye ndiya kuhlala ndisiva ukuphoxeka komntu wonke ukuba andikuxeleli kuba uluhlu alupheli. 

• AL: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza? 

BG: uAlonso Quijano, Don Quixote. Okanye inguqulelo yayo ehlekisayo: D'Artagnan, iGascon Don Quixote. 

• AL: Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imikhwa okanye imikhwa xa kufikwa ekubhaleni nasekufundeni? 

BG: Ewe: Ndiyakucaphukela ukuba nabantu xa ndisekhaya ndibhala. Nangona kunjalo, kwithala leencwadi okanye kwindawo yokutyela ndiyakwazi ukugxila ngokugqibeleleyo. Ndicinga ukuba inento yokwenza noloyiko lokuphazanyiswa xa ndithe phithi ngumdlalo. Xa umntu endifowunela endibuza ukuba angachitha iintsuku ezimbalwa endlini yam eMallorca, ndiba nexesha elibi kakhulu kuba ndicaphukela ukuthi hayi, kodwa andikwazi kusebenza nabantu. Xa ndibaxelela bandiphendule"Ungakhathazeki, andizukunikhathaza", kodwa ndiba namaqhakuva ndicinga nje ukuba andizukwazi ukubhala.

Ukuba kukho abantu endlwini yam, ndingaqiniseka kuphela ukuba bakhululekile. Oko akuhambelani nokubhala, nto leyo engumsebenzi ofuna ukuba wedwa kakhulu. Ke xa abantu besiza (ehlala eMallorca ihlala rhoqo), Ndiya kwithala leencwadi okanye kwindawo yokutyela. 

• AL: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko? 

BG: I egumbini lokuhlala ukusuka endlwini yam, into yokuqala kusasa, ngekomityi ye coffee. 

• AL: Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo? 

BG: Kukho uhlobo olunye kuphela olungandiqinisekisiyo: i uzenzeko lwangoku, ebonakala ngathi ayisoze yaphuma kwisitayile. Ndikruqukile kakhulu kukufunda abanye ababhali, abo babalisi bomntu wokuqala babonisa de ingqondo yakho yome kwaye ingabandakanyi nasiphi na isenzo. Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba Xa ndifunda ndithanda ukuphuncuka kubunyani ngokupheleleyo. Ndiyazi ukuba ndiba yinxalenye kakhulu, kwaye ndingenabulungisa kuhlobo, kodwa, ewe, ndiqinisekile ukuba zininzi izinto ezingafaniyo kwaye ndivuleleke kakhulu kwiingcebiso, nangona ndivuma ukuba kunzima kum ukuntywila. amazinyo kwezo ncwadi.

• AL: Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?

BG: Okwangoku ndifunda inoveli yamva nje Ignatius Ferrando, Amarhe kunye nezinambuzane. Uphumelele lonke ibali kunye nokhuphiswano lwenoveli eSpain (ezo zidumileyo, hayi ezo zinikwe kwangaphambili), kunye noninzi lwezifundo kwaye, nangona kunjalo, akwaziwa kuluntu olukhulu. Ukungabikho kokusesikweni okunento eninzi yokwenza nomhlaba womhleli. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye le noveli Kubonakala ngathi amajelo eendaba ekugqibeleni anikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kuye, into abaza kuphumelela ngayo bonke abafundi. 

Andibhali kuba ndinjalo igxile ekunyuselweni yenoveli, eza kuthengiswa kuzo zonke iivenkile ezithengisa iincwadi 25 ngoMeyi, nakwiindibano zam zocweyo zokubhala, ngumsebenzi lowo ondixhasayo. Kodwa ndinguye ukulungisa lonto inoveli lowo bendithetha ngaye ngaphambili, endibhale kuwo isidanga senkosikuba ijongene nesihloko esithi ingqiqoakukho nto yakwenza naye indawo, oluluhlobo lweenoveli zam ezimbini zokugqibela. Ewe, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ndiza kuqala ukucinga ngendawo entsha yokuya kwibali lam elilandelayo. Iingcebiso zamkelwe. 

upapasho lomhlaba

• AL: Ucinga ukuba imeko yokupapasha injani kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokuba uzame ukupapasha?

BG: Kuninzi kakhulu kupapashiwe kwaye iintengiso zihlukaniswe kakhulu: Iincwadi ezingama-90 ngonyaka, kwaye kuphela yi-000 yeepesenti ezithengisa ngaphezulu kweekopi ezingama-0,3… Whew. Ukhumbula ukuba ababhali bafumana i-3% yencwadi nganye njengomthetho, kwaye inoveli elungileyo ithatha ubuncinci iinyanga ezilithoba ukubhalwa (kuhlala kukho okungafaniyo), oko kushiya ababhali benemisila ijinga emoyeni. Abapapashi abanako ukumelana naloo meko kwaye abathengisi beencwadi abasazi ukuba babeke phi na into entsha. Ngenye imini iincwadi eziliwaka "ziyangena" kwaye ezilandelayo zibuya zininzi. Abafundi banezinto ezininzi abanokukhetha kuzo kangangokuba abazi ukuba yintoni na.

Ababhali abalishumi banokuphila ngale nto apho onke amehlo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lunikezelwe. Kodwa ndingathini? Ukubhala sisiyobisi esibi, inkanuko ethi thina babhali sidityaniswe yintamo kwaye singayiyeki. Andisoze ndiyishiye, ndiphilela oku. 

Ndibe nethamsanqa kakhulu, ngokupapashwa ngumpapashi onembali kunye negama elingako IPlaza kunye neJanés, eyenza ushicilelo olukhathalelwe kakhulu, oluxabisekileyo, olujongana nezona nkcukacha zincinci... kwaye zihamba kunye Alberto Marcos, omnye wabavakalisi ababalaseleyo eSpeyin, owathi ibhabha phezu kwesicatshulwa njengokhozi, njengokungathi unikwe isipho sokubandakanya imbono ebanzi kunesiqhelo, kwaye oko kuhlala kukunika umbono ochanekileyo kunye obukhali webali ngalinye eliwela ezandleni zalo. Oko kuyavakala kuyo yonke into kwimeko yam. Iqela lePlaza lenza umzamo womntu usoloko ufanelekile kwaye ugxile koko kubaluleke kakhulu: ukuba abafundi bawonwabele amabali.

• AL: Uwuphethe njani lo mzuzu siphila kuwo? Ngaba uyifumana ikhuthaza amabali exesha elizayo?

BG: Ndiyifumana iyakhuthaza umxholo we-AI, nangona ndiyazi ukuba ivuselela uloyiko oluninzi kwaye ibangele iintloko ze-apocalyptic, ezingapheli. Ndiyabelana nge inkxalabo ngenxa yemisebenzi enokuthi iyiphelise, nangona ndivuma ukuba ndiyachukumiseka yindlela enokuthi iphucule ngayo yonke izakhono zethu: ukuqiqa, ukufunda, ukuyila kunye nokucwangcisa. Kwaye, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, iyandikhuthaza ngale noveli ndiyiphononongayo.

Ngokuphathelele eminye imiba efana kutshintsha kwe mozulu kunye ukuvelisa ngokugqithisileyo, yinto endijongene nayo ngokupheleleyo kwinoveli yam yokuqala, Iinyibiba zamanzi ezibengezela emanzini alusizi, sisihloko esisisikweko esinikelayo imbeko kwabasetyhini abasweleke ekuweni komzi-mveliso wase-Bangladeshi ngo-2013. Uloyiko lwento entsha iingxaki zemali ayindikhuthazi mna iyoyikisa, kuyafana nemfazwe kwi EUkraine, kunye namazwe amaninzi, esikhetha ukungawahoyi kuba sibambeke kwibhola ekhule kakhulu kangangokuba yi-inertia kuphela eqhubayo. kunye namabali we ubhubhane Ndiyazithanda iinoveli kunye nothotho lweTV, kodwa njenge Yinyaniso lelinye ibali loyiko.