Indawo engaziwayo (Intulo, 1938) yinoveli emfutshane yencwadi ebhalwe nguKathrine Kressmann Taylor.. Yinoveli ebongwayo ngokuba ibilindele ungquzulwano olukhulu lwesibini lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, ekwaziyo ukubonisa ingcamango nobuhlobo bamaJamani amabini ngelixa ubuNazi bukhula ngendlela emangalisayo kuye nabani na ongayilungiselelanga.
Ebudeni bamaphepha angama-80, abahlobo ababini baseJamani babhalelana besuka kwelinye icala lehlabathi. Ngelixa omnye eqhubeka ehlala eUnited States, omnye ugqibe kwelokuba abuyele kwilizwe lakhe, kwiJamani enesiphithiphithi. kwiminyaka engaphambi kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Olu luhlobo lwesandulela se-epistolary kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini.
Akwaziwa ukuba iphi: isandulela se-epistolary kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini
Balisa ngokujongisisa
Indawo engaziwayo libali labahlobo ababini baseJamani abatshintshiselana ngothotho lweeleta. Ngokusebenzisa iileta kuyaziwa ukuba uMax Eisenstein uyaqhubeka ehlala eSan Francisco (eUnited States) ngelixa umhlobo kunye neqabane lakhe, uMartin Schulse, uye wagqiba ekubeni abuyele eJamani ngexesha lokunyuka kweNazi. Isiphithiphithi esilawula njengoko kwakunjalo ngelo xesha kunye nendawo, iincwadi zikhanya kwaye ziyamangalisa ngelixa zikhupha izigwebo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili.. Ngokusebenzisa aba balinganiswa bakhethekileyo, uKressmann uhlalutya umxholo kwaye akhuphe isilumkiso sokulumkisa ngaphandle kokuzama ukukhohlisa okanye ukukholisa umfundi.
Le noveli imfutshane yencwadi, nangona kunjalo, inesiphelo esimangalisayo ebalini apho ikamva lihamba ngendlela efanayo kubomi benene. Ngaloo ndlela Ibalaselisa indlela elishwankathelwa ngayo ibali, ngaphandle kokuqaphela okuhlabayo okwenza kube yinyani.. Iileta ezingeyonyani aziphazamisi kuhlalutyo; Ngokuchasene noko, umanyano lwazo zombini lulo olubangela ukuba le noveli ibe ngumsebenzi woncwadi ongaqhelekanga.
Ngokwenxalenye yalo, ibali livela kwisiganeko umbhali asibonayo e-United States xa amanye amaJamani ayekuphepha ukubulisa umhlobo wakudala ongumYuda. Umbhali wayesazi indlela yokubona oko kwakuphuhla kumhlaba waseYurophu njengabanye abambalwa. kwaye le ncwadi yintshayelelo ye-epistolary yeMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi.
Ukuthumela iileta
Iileta zikaMax noMartin zibonakala zinobuhlobo ekuqaleni kwaye kancinci kancinci ziba mnyama njengoko iziganeko zisenzeka. UMax uyimvelaphi yamaYuda kwaye ukunyaniseka okwakubadibanise konakala ngenxa yokuba uMartin udibana nosapho lwakhe eJamani emthunzini wolawulo olwaqala ngo-1933. Uqala ukusebenza kwinkonzo yamaNazi nakwizo meko. Umlingiswa woonobumba utyhila inkohlakalo kunye nenzondelelo yempambano eqhelekileyo ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini.
Njengoko inoveli iyintsholongwane elindele into ezayo, kumaphepha ayo Ikwaveza umxholo onokuthi uchaze okwenzeka eJamani phakathi kweMfazwe yokuQala neyesiBini yehlabathi.. Ngenxa yesi sizathu nabo banexabiso elikhethekileyo loncwadi. Iinkcukacha ezininzi ziphuma kwiileta zikaMax noMartin ezithi ngobuchule ziphuhlise ukoyiswa kunye nokoyiswa kwamaJamani okwalandelayo ngeengcinga zikaHitler. Into engaphezulu kwenoveli enamaphepha angama-80, kodwa uKressmann uyayazi indlela yokuyisebenzisa ukuze azuze.
Le noveli ilawulwa yimbono yamaJamani malunga nobuNazi, indlela abanye ababehlala ngayo eUnited States emva koko babuyela eJamani. Imvumelwano kunye nobuzalwana obutshatyalaliswe ngokunyuka kukaHitler nazo zisisitshixo sencwadi. Inoveli enombono obukhali kunye nobukhali malunga nokuza kwehlabathi, apho umbhali wazama ngokukodwa ukuphakamisa izazela zamaMerika namaJamani malunga nobungozi bobuNazi.
Izigqibo
Ingozi ebangelwe buSoshiyali beSizwe ayizange ithotywe. Indawo engaziwayo es inoveli emfutshane apho iziganeko zilungelelanisa noonobumba abalinganiswa bayo ababhekisa kwenye. Ibali lithe ngqo kwaye licacile kwaye lishiya isithuba songquzulwano lweengcamango kunye nobuhlanga kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba luqhambuke. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yinoveli ye-epistolary esele ihlile kwimbali kuba ibonisa kancinci kakhulu imeko yentlalo yaseJamani ngelo xesha. Ifundwa ngomoya omnye kwaye Ngaphakathi kwiintsomi zembali, ibonelela ngembono echubekileyo nebukhali kakhulu..
Malunga nombhali
UKathrine Kressmann Taylor wayengumbhali waseMelika owazalwa ngo-1903.. Wayengumfundi kwiYunivesithi yaseOregon kwaye wazinikela ekukhangiseni nasekufundiseni, efundisa unxibelelwano kunye nokubhala ngokuyilayo. Ngowe-1938 wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala ethi, Indawo engaziwayo, ukugxekwa kweengcamango zamaNazi noko kwakuza kuza ngokuvela koSoshiyali beSizwe, kwiminyaka nje emibini ngaphambi kokuqalisa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Inoveli yakhe yavalwa ixeshana eJamani, kodwa yaziwa ngenxa yeenguqulelo ezininzi eyayinazo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Impembelelo yakhe eUnited States yayikhethekile.. Namhlanje ithathwa njengomsebenzi wakudala woncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ngenxa yokuhambelana kwayo kunye nokuqonda. Inoveli yakhe yesibini inesihloko Kwade kwangaloo mini.