Ababhali beRiphabhlikhi yaseSpain

Hoy Epreli 14, Kumcimbi wokukhumbula IIRiphabliki, Besifuna ukwenza ukudityaniswa okukhethekileyo kunye nezo ababhali abakhulu beRiphabhlikhi yaseSpain. Ngokuqinisekileyo uyawazi onke la magama esiya kuwajonga ngezantsi, uninzi lwazo, iimbongi. Yintoni eqinisekileyo yokuba wakuba ufundile amagama abo uya kubafumana ngokugqibeleleyo ngelo xesha.

Ezona zidume kakhulu zezi UPedro Salinas, uRafael Alberti, uLuis Cernuda, uJorge Guillén, uFederico García Lorca, ... Kodwa baninzi abanye, abangaziwa kangako, ababenembali yabo kwelo xesha lincinci kodwa linzima, kwaye nabo bafumana imiphumo yokuba ngamaRiphabhlikhi ngeli xesha. Masihambe nganye nganye!

URafael Alberti Merello

URafeal Alberti Merello, Imbongi yaseCádiz Wazalwa ekupheleni kuka-1902, ekuqaleni wayengumpeyinti, enyanisweni, wafudukela eMadrid ukuze azinikele emzimbeni nasemphefumlweni, de wazi ukuba eyona nto ayixabisileyo yimibongo.

Malunga nezopolitiko zelo xesha, UAlberti wajoyina iqela lamaKomanisi laseSpain ngo-1931, nto leyo eyamkhokelela ekubeni ahambele amazwe ahlukeneyo anjenge USSR, France ne Jamani kwaye enze ubuhlobo ngakumbi nangakumbi kwimeko yakhe yezopolitiko, kwaye kunyaka ongaphambi kokuqalisa kwemfazwe yamakhaya wathabatha inxaxheba kwiphulo lezopolitiko lase Popular Front. Emva kokuba imfazwe iqale, wayengenguye omnye wababhali ababuyela umva, ngokuchaseneyo, ngelo xesha wayese-Ibiza kwaye wenza konke okusemandleni ukufudukela eMadrid kwaye wanikela ngentsebenziswano yakhe kuRhulumente waseRiphabhlikhi, ekugqibeleni ethatha inxaxheba kwiQela lesi-5 . Ukusuka kula mava wazoba indawo enkulu yeencwadi zakhe: "Idonki eqhumayo", "Amaza aphezulu", "Phakathi kwentolongo nekrele", Njl

Kwakunjalo ilungu leAlliance of Antifascist Intellectuals kunye nabanye ababhali abanjengo UMaría Zambrano, uRamón Gómez de la Serna, uRosa Chacel, uMiguel Hernández, uJosé Bergamín, uLuis Cernuda okanye uLuis Buñuel phakathi kwezinye (siza kuthetha ngezinye zazo kamva).

Nje ukuba iRiphabhlikhi yoyisiwe, u-Alberti ukhetha ukuya elubhacweni kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uMaría Teresa León, behlala iminyaka kamva kwiindawo ezinje ngeMarseille, iBuenos Aires okanye iRoma.

Kwaye ngakumbi ukungena kwincwadi, eminye yemisebenzi yakhe emikhulu Zizo:

• "Umatiloshe elunxwemeni" (1925).
• "Malunga neengelosi" (1929).
• "Izilogeni" (1933).
• "Iindidi zoxinzelelo" (1935).
• "IiCoplas zikaJuan Panadero" (1949).
• "I-Buenos Aires nge-inki yaseTshayina" (1952).
• "Uluhlu olucothayo lokusweleka kukaStalin" (1953).
• «IRoma, ingozi kubahambi» (1968).
• "Indima nganye yosuku ngalunye" (1982).
• Ingozi. Imibongo yesibhedlele » (1987).
• "Iingoma zeAltair" (1989).
• "Imbongi yaseSpain uRafael Alberti ucengceleza imibongo kaFederico García Lorca" (1961).

Wayengowombutho owaziwayo wokubhala njengokwenziwa kweminyaka engama-27 kwaye wamkela Ibhaso leMiguel de Cervantes e 1983.

UFederico Garcia Lorca

Kule bhlog Actualidad Literatura Ndiza kunikezela malunga namanqaku amabini okanye amathathu kule nto Imbongi enkulu yaseGranada kwaye kuncinci okanye akukho nto iseleyo ukuba ndiyithethe ngaye engasaziwa. Kuphela kwakhe waba lixhoba elinye lemeko yezopolitiko eyahlukileyo kwiinkokeli zelo xesha. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngalo mbhali ubalaseleyo wabulawa ngokumasikizi, nolu uluhlu lwamanqaku anikezelwe kuye:

• Uphando olutsha ngokubulawa kukaFederico García Lorca.
• Iimbongi zeAndalusian V: UFederico García Lorca.
• Iminyaka engama-78 yokubulawa kukaFederico García Lorca.
• Amaxwebhu amapolisa aqinisekisa ukubulawa kukaLorca ngobufanasini.

U-Antonio Buero Vallejo obambe umfanekiso

UAntonio Buero Vallejo naye ngexesha leRiphabhlikhi yesiBini, ngokukodwa umbhali wemidlalo kunye nembongi. Wazalelwa eGuadalajara kwaye, njengoko wayenjalo noAlberti, washiya umzobo ukuze azinikele ekubhaleni. Uncwadi lwakhe loluka Ukuhamba 'kweesimboli', ongomnye wootitshala ababalaseleyo yayinguEdgar Allan Poe.

Oko yayikukubandakanyeka kwakhe kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain (wayelilungu le-FUE) ukuba ekugqibeleni koku wagwetyelwa ukufa. Ekugqibeleni uBuero Vallejo wagxothelwa eMadrid, emva kokudlula kwiintolongo ezininzi. Ngeli xesha ulisebenzise kakuhle ukubhala imisebenzi ethile yoncwadi kunye nokupeyinta imifanekiso kunye nemizobo, phakathi kwabo, enye yazo UMiguel Hernandez (umhlobo omkhulu) oseneendlalifa zakhe.

Bakhe eyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo Zizo: "Ebumnyameni ovuthayo" (uhamba ngobumfama) e «Imbali yezinyuko».

Bakhe umahluko y a mabhaso Zizo:

• Imbasa yeGolide yokuGqwesa ngobuGcisa boBugcisa.
• ILope de Vega Award (1948).
• Ibhaso leSizwe leTheatre (1980).
• Igalelo leMiguel de Cervantes (1986).
• Ibhaso leLizwe leeleta zaseSpain (1996).

ULuis Cernuda

Le mbongi yaseSevillian yesiZukulwana sama-27, kunye noFederico García Lorca noRafael Alberti, phakathi kwabanye, nabo basekwa Inxalenye yecala leriphabliki Ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain. Wathatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-propaganda kunye nezopolitiko ezithandayo iRiphabhlikhi, kwaye ekupheleni kwemfazwe kwafuneka ukuba aye ekuthinjweni kumazwe afana ne-Great Britain, i-United States okanye iMexico (apho wafela khona). Kwakula mazwe apho wanikezela ixesha lakhe njengonjingalwazi woncwadi kunye nomgxeki kuncwadi.

Eyona mixholo iphindaphindwayo yoncwadi kwimisebenzi kaLuis Cernuda yile:

1. La u lonwabo kunye ukubekwa wedwa.
2. El uvakalelo lokwahluka ngokubhekisele kwabanye.
3. La kufuneka ufumane umhlaba ongcono simahla kwingcinezelo.
4. El uthando ngeendlela ezahlukeneyouthando olungonwabisiyo, uthando olungonelisekanga, njl.
5. Umnqweno we ulutsha lwanaphakade nokuhamba kwexesha.
6. La uhlobo.

Wabhala umlo osuka entliziyweni kuFederico García Lorca, xa esiva ngokusweleka kwakhe, enelungelo "Kwimbongi efileyo."

URosa Chacel

Ngelishwa, umbhali kuncinci kakhulu okwaziwayo kwaye kufundwe kwiincwadana zoncwadi zezikolo kunye namaziko. URosa Chacel wayengumbhali weValladolid owazalwa ngo-1898, ngokukodwa eyakhe Isizukulwana se-27.

Ngexesha eliphambi kweMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain, uChacel wasebenza kunye nephiko lasekhohlo ngokwenza imiboniso kunye neefowuni ngexesha elinye azinikezele kulo msebenzi wakhe, umongikazi.

Eyona misebenzi yakhe ibalulekileyo ngokwe- inoveli Zizo:

• "Isitishi. Uhambo oluphelele" (1930).
• "Teresa" (1941).
• "Iinkumbulo zikaLeticia Valle" (1945).
• "Esona sizathu" (1960).
• "IBarrio de Maravillas" (1976).
• "Iinoveli ngaphambi kwexesha" (1971).
• "IAcropolis" (1984).
• "IiNzululwazi zeNdalo" (1988).

Uye wabhala amabali amafutshane, izincoko, iinguqulelo, kunye Imibongo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kolu hlobo lokugqibela, "Kumda wequla", Umbongo onikezelwe kumama wakhe kwaye intshayelelo kolunye uncwadi olukhulu: UJuan Ramon Jimenez.

UPedro Salinas

Uzalelwe e-1891 eMadrid, wazinikela ekufundeni ngomthetho kunye nefilosofi kunye neeleta. Njengomdla onomdla kukuba wayenaye uLuis Cernuda njengomfundi kwiDyunivesithi yaseSeville apho wayenza khona imithambo akuba efumene isihlalo.

Wayengomnye wababhali ababeselubhacweni kwilizwe lethu yakuba iMfazwe iphelile kwaye inqanaba lakhe lesithathu lokudala uncwadi lungqamene ngqo nokuthinjwa. Ngeli xesha xa epapasha imisebenzi "Lowo ucinga" (1946), enikezelwe kulwandle lwasePuerto Rico, "Yonke into icace gca" (1949) kunye "Ukuzithemba".

Enye yezinto ezibalaseleyo kuncwadi lwesihobe lukaSalinas yingxoxo ayimiselayo kunye naye, kunye nehlabathi ngokubanzi, kunye nesithandwa sakhe, nomhlaba wakhe okanye nolwandle. Yinto eyahlulahlula kuninzi. Wayengomnye weembongi ezathi xa wayethetha ngothando kwiivesi zakhe wakwenza oko ngendlela echasene nothando, ekhululekile kuzo zonke iimvakalelo ezinokwenzeka, edlala kakhulu ngesigqebelo.

UPedro Salinas ekugqibeleni wasweleka ngo-1951 kwisixeko saseBoston.

Abanye ababhali

Kwaye baninzi ababhali abaqwalaselweyo beRiphabhlikhi yaseSpain, kodwa ingasinika amanqaku amabini okanye amathathu afana neli. Yima geqe UMiguel Hernández, uJorge Guillén, uDamaso Alonso, uVicente Aleixandre, uEmilio Prado, uMiguel Delibes (owayesabanjwe yimfazwe), njl.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ndingathanda ukukubandakanya ividiyo ethetha malunga nelo xesha, ngakumbi malunga nababhali beSizukulwane sama-27 ababengabona bantu babetyhola iziphumo zeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain.

Logama inkumbulo ikhona, amagama ababhali awayi kuphela.