Baninzi ababhali beSpanish Romanticism. ESpeyin yayilixesha elimnandi loncwadi kwaye abaninzi babona lo mzuzu njengethuba lokugxininisa umdla kuncwadi lweembongi, olugcwele iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo.
Nangona sinokuthi babebaninzi ababenxulunyaniswa neli xesha le-Romanticism, abanye bagqama kunabanye. Kodwa, i-Romanticism yabonakaliswa njani? Ngabaphi ababhali beSpanish Romanticism abanempembelelo enkulu? Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba yinxalenye yembali kunye noncwadi, siya kutyhila yonke into kuwe.
Yintoni iSpanish Romanticism
Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe nawe malunga nababhali beSpanish Romanticism, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba sithetha ntoni ngeRomanticism kunye neempawu zayo.
I-Romanticism yayiyintshukumo eyavela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo kodwa ayizange ifike eSpeyin de kwasekupheleni kwaloo nkulungwane yaye ngokukodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwale ntshukumo yayikukufuna ukwahlukana ne-neoclassicism. Ngamanye amazwi, ukubheja kwintelekelelo nasekuvezeni ngamazwi iimvakalelobobabini umbhali kunye nabalinganiswa.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili ze-Romanticism yi khusela inkululeko kunye nobuhle bento engaphelelanga. Ngokwenene kwakungumlo phakathi kokugqibeleleyo, imveli kunye nekopi (eyayiyintshukumo yangaphambili) yokungafezeki, ukunyameka kunye nokuqala.
Ngapha koko, i-Romanticism ibisoloko inxulumene neemvakalelo, i-melancholy, uthando, kodwa nakwimfihlakalo, ifantasy, i-ethereal kunye nokubakho kwindawo yonke.
Ngabaphi ababhali be-romanticism yaseSpain ababekho
Ukusebenzisa iWikipedia, senze ukuhlanganiswa kwawo onke amagama aphumayo kwaye anxulumene neSpanish Romanticism. Ngokukodwa, uluhlu, olungekho lufutshane, lune:
- URosario de Acuña
- Thomas Aguilo
- UAntonio Alcala Galiano
- UJose Amador de los Ríos
- Jose Maria de Andueza
- UFrancisco Anon
- UJuan Venancio Araquistain
- UJuan Ariza
- Ermine Robustiana
- UJuan Arolas Bonet
- uTeresa Arroniz kunye noBosch
- UJulia de Asensi
- Eduardo Asquerino
- Eusebio Asquerino
- Theodosius Ausin
- Baltasar Martinez Duran
- UMaria Dolores Basbonald
- UGustavo Adolfo Becquer
- USalvador Bermudez de Castro y Diez
- Inkxaso yeBiedma kunye neLa Moneda
- Antonio de Bofarull
- UJuan Nicolas Böhl de Faber
- Vicente Boux
- UJoaquin Maria Bover de Rosselló
- UManuel Breton de los Herreros
- UJuan José Bueno kunye noLeroux
- URosa Butler kunye noMendieta
- Fermin Knight
- Manuel Cabanyes
- UMaria Cabezudo Chalons
- UDolores Cabrera kunye neHeredia
- Pedro Calvo Asensio
- albert indlela
- UManuel Cañete
- UJose de Castro kunye no-Orozco
- Joaquin Jose Matterhorn
- UCarolina Coronado
- UJohn Cut
- Leopoldo Augusto de Cueto
- URosalia de Castro
- UJose Zorrilla
- UManuel Juan Diana
- Jose Maria Diaz
- UNicomedes uMfundisi Diaz
- UAgustin Duran
- UPatrick wase-Escosura
- UJose de Espronceda
- USerafin Estebanez Calderon
- Antolin Faraldo
- Augusto Ferran
- Antonio Ferrer del Rio
- UAntonio Flores (umbhali)
- Joaquina Garcia Balmaseda
- UCarlos Garcia Doncel
- Antonio Garcia Gutierrez
- UVicenta Garcia Miranda
- UGabriel Garcia Tassara
- UJose Garcia de Villalta
- Pascual de Gayangos kunye Arce
- U-Enrique Gil y Carrasco
- UIsidore Gil kunye noBaus
- UAntonio Gil kunye noZarate
- Conception Gimeno de Flaquer
- UGertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
- UYohane wasePezuela
- UFrancisco Gonzalez Elipe
- Angela Grassi
- UJuan Eugenio Hartzenbusch
- UJohn Leandro Jimenez
- UModest Lafuente
- UMariano José de Larra
- Santos Lopez-Pelegrin
- URamon Lopez Soler
- Enriqueta Lozano
- Federico Madrazo
- uPedro de Madrazo kunye noKuntz
- UFrancisco Martinez de la Rosa
- UJuan Martinez Villergas
- UMaria Josefa Massanes
- UMaria Mendoza de Vives
- URamon de Mesonero Romanos
- UManuel Mila kunye neFontanals
- UJose Joaquin de Mora
- URamon Navarrete
- UFrancisco Navarro Villoslada
- UJose de Negrete kunye noCepeda
- Antonio Neira de Mosquera
- Eugene de Ochoa
- Louis waseOlona
- UJoaquin Francisco Pacheco
- UJohn Perez Calvo
- UPascual Perez Rodriguez
- UPedro Jose Pidal
- UPawulos Piferrer
- UJohn Manuel Pintos
- Jose Maria Posada
- Miguel Agustin Principe
- Jose Maria Quadrado
- UJuan Rico kunye noAmat
- UMlawuli waseRivas
- UMariano Roca de Togores
- UTomas Rodriguez Rubi
- Gregorio Romero de Larranaga
- Antonio Ros de Olano
- Jose Rua Figueroa
- Joaquim Rubió kunye Ors
- UVicente Ruiz Llamas
- UFaustina Saez de Melgar
- Jacinto de Salas kunye Quiroga
- UMaria Antonia Salva
- UMiguel de los Santos Alvarez
- Eulogio Florentino Sanz
- Jose Somoza
- Gabino Uphahla
- Telesforo of Trueba
- ULuis Valladares kunye noGarriga
- Vega Venture
Uninzi lwababhali ababalaseleyo beSpanish Romanticism
Njengoko bekungenakwenzeka ukukuxelela malunga nababhali beSpanish Romanticism, sifuna ukuba udibane nabanye ababalaseleyo nababalaseleyo ngelo xesha.
URosalia de Castro
Umthombo: Ilizwi likaGalicia
Umbhali wenoveli kunye nembongi. Wazalelwa eSantiago de Compostela kunye Ungomnye wababhali abamele kakhulu abaphembelela ngokuthe ngqo i-Romanticism.
Ukusuka kuye sinokudibana isebenza ngesiSpanish nesiGalician (Esinye sezizathu yayikukuba i-Romanticism ngokwayo yatsala nzima ukuchaza ezo mvakalelo zobuzwe, oko kukuthi, "ilizwe lasekhaya" ababekulo ababhali).
Kukho imisebenzi emininzi kaRosalía de Castro, kodwa ukuba bekuya kufuneka sibalaselise ezinye, mhlawumbi ziya kuba nguCantares Gallegos (amatsha amatsha) o Kwiindonga zeSar. Eneneni nantoni na oyifundayo iya kulunga.
UJose Zorrilla
imbongi kunye nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga. Yaba lelinye lamagama kakhulu resonated Spanish Romanticism kunye ishiye uphawu olukhulu kwindawo yeqonga ingakumbi.
Kuyatshiwo oko wayenomoya ovuselela inkanuko yesini, y er wayiphembelela ngokuthe ngqo imisebenzi yakhe njengaleyo kaDon Juan Tenorio. Kodwa kukho nabanye ababenayo loo nxalenye yombhali njenge Isihlangu kunye nokumkani okanye umngcatshi, ongavumanga kwaye wafela ukholo.
UMariano José de Larra
Umthombo: Yintoni ukufunda
Njengoko ulungile intatheli yaye iyintoni, imisebenzi yakhe bekusoloko costumbrismo ethile kodwa, kwangaxeshanye, kwakhona isigqebelo kunye nokugxeka malunga nokuba yintoni edlulileyo (i-neoclassicism) kwaye yintoni evela kwixesha elizayo (i-Romanticism). Izicatshulwa zakhe eziseleyo bamele imbono yabo "yothando" yehlabathi, kodwa kunye nokuhlekisa. Ubhale ngaphezulu kwamanqaku angama-200 kunye nezincoko kodwa kunye neenoveli. Kwaye akazange asebenzise igama lakhe kuphela kodwa kunye namanye amagama "angaqhelekanga" afana noDuende, uFígaro okanye uBachiller.
Njengeengcebiso ezivela kuye singakucaphula Old Castilian, Buya ngomso okanye Utshate ngokukhawuleza kwaye kakubi.
UJose de Espronceda
Sidlulisela komnye umbhali, kule meko imbongi, kodwa nombhali wenoveli. Enyanisweni, le yokugqibela yeyona nto aziwa ngayo.
Wazalelwa e-Badajoz, ngokukodwa e-Almendralejo kunye lelinye lamagama afanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwababhali beSpanish Romanticism.
Wayengomnye wabokuqala ukuzimanya nalo mbutho kwaye wakwenza oko ebonakalisa umdla nomoya wenkululeko kwimibongo yakhe, kodwa nakwimihla ngemihla yobomi bakhe. Enyanisweni, kuthiwa ngaye "wayengumntu okhululekileyo." "Wazikhulula" kakhulu kangangokuba, eneminyaka eyi-15, wayengomnye wombutho ofihlakeleyonangona babemgxothile. Kwakhona wathatha inxaxheba ngeentsuku ze-1830 eParis.
Ngokuphathelele imisebenzi yakhe, sinokuyigxininisa Ingoma yePirate, uMfundi waseSalamanca okanye uSancho Saldaña.
UGustavo Adolfo Becquer
Umthombo: webmail
Ngaphandle kweli gama elithi "un-Spanish", eneneni wazalelwa eSpain. Eneneni, yayingelogama lakhe lokwenene; igama lakhe nguGustavo Adolfo Claudio Domínguez Bastida. Kodwa ukuze afinyeze kwaye anike igama lakhe ngakumbi "incasa", wagqiba ekubeni abeke ngolo hlobo.
Ebomini bakhe akazange aphumelele kakhulu, kodwa emva kokufa kwakhe yonke into yatshintsha kwaye nemibhalo yakhe phantse yonke yeyasemva kothando.
Kuyo ungadibana izicatshulwa ezinxulumene nothando, kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zobudlelwane kodwa malunga nokubandezeleka nokufa.
Siyamcebisa Iingoma kunye neeNtsomi.
Angel Saavedra
Yaziwa ngcono njenge Inkosi yaseRivas. Wayeyimbongi kunye nombhali wemidlalo yeqonga kunye nesi sikhulu saseCordovan lelinye lamagama avakala kakhulu kwiSpanish Romanticism.
Kodwa ayiphumeli kuphela kwinkalo yayo yoncwadi. Ukongeza ekubeni nguMthetheli weRivas, wayekwanguye waba nguMongameli kaRhulumente (nangona oku kumdlalise iintsuku ezimbini kuphela). Kwakhona Wayengumzobi, umbhali-mbali kunye nomongameli.
Ngokuphathelele imisebenzi yakhe, sinokukuqaqambisa UDon Álvaro kunye namandla ekamva, i-Aliatar okanye kwi-lighthouse yaseMalta.
Ngoku uyazi ababhali beSpanish Romanticism, zombini uluhlu olukhulu kunye nabanye abona bamele kakhulu. Ngaba ukhe wayifunda?