I-Modernism yayiyintshukumo yobugcisa kunye nenkcubeko phakathi kwe-1880 kunye ne-1920. Ngokuphathelele uncwadi, ngokusisiseko yayiyimibongo. Ibonakaliswa yi-symbiosis entsha kunye ne-transgressive, enokuthi ibonakale ngolwimi oluhlaziyiweyo, kunye nokubuyela kwi-classicism. I-aesthetics yayiphambili kwintshukumo, ngoko ke i-sublime, i-aristocratic kunye necociwe kumxholo inokubongwa, kunye nethoni echaphazelekayo. Umphumo waba yintlangano yenkcubeko efikelelekayo kuphela kwabambalwa.
Yayinoxinzelelo olukhulu eLatin America, nangona yayiza kufikelela eSpain. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imodernism yoncwadi Yintshukumo eyayibhalwe ngeSpanish. Wazalelwa eNicaragua kwaye ummeli wakhe ophezulu nguRubén Darío. Umsebenzi wakhe Luhlaza… (1888) yeyona exponent le yangoku. Kodwa baninzi abaye banegalelo kolu hlobo lubalaseleyo kunye nesimboli. Naba ababhali banamhlanje ababalulekileyo.
URuben Dario
Ungoyena mntu uphambili kwi-modernism kwaye ungomnye wababhali ababalulekileyo baseSpain-American benkulungwane ye-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwe-XNUMX.. Wazalelwa eMetapa (eNicaragua) ngo-1867 kwaye wathatha imibongo, ubuntatheli kwaye wasebenza njengonozakuzaku. Kungekudala waqalisa ukubhala nokusebenzisana nabantu abavela kwiinkalo zeencwadi nezopolitiko zase-El Salvador naseChile, amazwe apho wayehlala khona ixesha elithile ebutsheni bakhe. Inyaniso, Azul wayipapasha eChile ngo-1888. Le ngqokelela yemibongo ibaluleke kakhulu kwimodemoderism kuba iqalisa isimbo soncwadi. kwaye ivula indlela yabanye ababhali bale mihla.
Uchitha ixesha lakhe elihle esebenzisana neendaba ezahlukeneyo zobuntatheli kwaye uya kuhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo eLatin America naseYurophu ngelixa eqhubeka nokuhlola imibongo yakhe. ngowe-1892 Ufika eMadrid apho uya kunxibelelana nababhali abadumileyo baseSpain kunye nabezopolitiko belo xesha.. Ngempembelelo yokuba oku kuya kuthetha kuncwadi lweSpanish lwangoku.
Olunye lweempawu ezibaluleke kakhulu kwisihobe sakhe kukuhlengahlengiswa kwevesi yesiFrentshi yaseAlexandria kwimethrikhi yeSpanish.. Imisebenzi esisiseko kaRubén Darío yile: Luhlaza… (1888) Iprose prose kunye neminye imibongo (1896), uC.antomos de vida y esperanza, iicinema kunye neminye imibongo (1905).
Leopoldo Lugones
U-Lugones ngu-Argentine, kwaye ukongeza ekubeni yimbongi, wayengumbhali, ipolitiki kunye nentatheli, nangona wayesebenza kwimisebenzi eyahluke kakhulu. Kwilizwe lakhe wayengoyena mbhali ufanelekileyo wanamhlanje. Kwelakhe icala, kwafuneka aphile ngokungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo nto leyo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yamkhokelela ekubeni azibulale ngecyanide. Imisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo yanamhlanje iphenjelelwa sisimboli, uncwadi lwangoku oluthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwababhali banamhlanje.; zezi iintaba zegolide (1897) kunye Umyezo umnyama (1905). Njengomdla wokwazi, waphinda wahlakulela ibali kwaye wabhala ifantasy njengomqalisi wentsomi yesayensi.
UJose Marti
Nangona umlingiswa wakhe wenguqu kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwintlangano yemfazwe yaseCuba yokuzimela, uJosé Martí ungomnye wababhali ababalulekileyo banamhlanje. Ewe kulungile imodernism kufuneka iqondwe njengento ekhoyo yengqondo ekufuneni ukuhlaziywa koncwadi, yaye uMartí wakwazi nokuphuhlisa umbongo owawuzimisele ngakumbi kuluntu. Ukongeza ekubeni yimbongi, lo mbhali wazalelwa eCuba wayeyintatheli kunye nesithandi sobulumko, umseki weQela loGuquko lwaseCuba, lachithwa ngo-1898. Ekunye noRubén Darío, uthathwa njengoyise wesimanjemanje.. Umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa nguwo Ixesha leGolide (1889).
Inzwa ethandekayo
Intatheli yaseMexico, imbongi kunye nonozakuzaku. Wayelilungu le-Mexican Academy of Language kunye nohambo oluya eParis wadibana nobuntu obukhulu bobugcisa kunye nenkcubeko, njengo-Oscar Wilde, uLeopoldo Lugones okanye uRubén Darío, oza kugcina ubuhlobo obusondeleyo naye. Kwakhona wayehlala eMadrid, eArgentina naseUruguay. Umsebenzi wakhe kunzima ukuwuhlela kwintshukumo eyodwa ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwayo, i-melancholic okanye i-mystical character, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela.. ime ngaphandle iiperile ezimnyama (1898) engaqondakaliyo (1898).
UManuel Gutierrez Najera
UGutiérrez Nájera ngomnye umbhali waseMexico oye wanikezela inxalenye elungileyo yomsebenzi wakhe kwimbali yeSixeko saseMexico., ebonisa intshukumo kunye notshintsho apho i-metropolis enkulu yayiphantsi kwesiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Wayeyimbongi yanamhlanje esondele kwi-romanticism yakudala, yiyo loo nto washiya umfanekiso obuthathaka kunye nosulungekisiweyo. Njengombhali weendaba wabonwa ngokulula ngegama lesidlaliso lika-El Duque Job. UGutiérrez Nájera wasweleka eneminyaka engama-35 ngenxa yokopha ebuchotsheni. Phakathi komsebenzi wakhe gqama Duchess Job, Hamlet ukuya kuOphelia, odes ezimfutshane o Schubert's Serenade.
Jose Asuncion Silva
Akukho mninzi womsebenzi wakhe ogciniweyo kulo mbhali kuba inxalenye entle yalahleka. Emva kokufumana amashwa ahlukeneyo, wazibulala xa wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, okuseleyo kwimibhalo yakhe kuxatyiswe kakhuluUngomnye weembongi ezibalulekileyo zanamhlanje eColombia. Ngokunjalo, inxalenye yomsebenzi wakhe woncwadi yenziwe ngaphakathi kwi-costumbrismo. Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo owasindayo ngulo mbhali ngulo incwadi yeendinyana.
Delmira Agustini
Lo mbhali wayehluke kakhulu kwixesha lakhe. Unokubalwa phakathi kwabasetyhini abambalwa bale mihla ngenxa yokuba wazalelwa kusapho olutyebileyo olwamnika imvume kunye nenkxaso eyimfuneko ukuze enze umsebenzi woncwadi ohlonitshwayo. Wazalelwa eMontevideo (Uruguay) ngo-1886 kwintsapho yabaphambukeli baseTaliyane, nangona wabulawa ngumyeni wakhe eneminyaka eyi-27. Umsebenzi wakhe ugqamile kumxholo wayo ovuselelayo kwaye oyena ummeli ngu izitya ezingenanto (1913).
UJulio Herrera kunye noReissig
Omnye umbhali obaluleke kakhulu waseUruguay wesimanjemanje nguJulio Herrera Reissig. Wazalelwa eMontevideo kwaye wasweleka emncinci kuba wayenempilo enkenenkene. Nangona enezincoko ezibhaliweyo kunye namabali, owona msebenzi wakhe uphawulekayo ngowemibongo. Isimbo sakhe savela kwi-romanticism ukuya kwi-surrealism kunye ne-modernism.. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe yemibongo ubalasele Imincili yentaba o Inqaba ye-sphinxes.
UManuel Gonzalez Prada
Wayeyimbongi yasePeru kunye nesithandi sobulumko esasinempembelelo enkulu kwilizwe lakhe ngenxa yezincoko azibhalileyo, ezigxeka kakhulu kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Yaba neempembelelo ezinkulu kwinyani yasePeruvia, kunye nakwintshukumo yanamhlanje. Waqala kwi-romanticism kunye Ufikelele kwi-modernism enetalente enkulu yolwimi, egcwalisa ngamathuba. Isihobe sakhe luhlaziyo oluyinyani lwengoma. ime ngaphandle Unobumba omncinci (1901) kunye Engaqhelekanga (1911).
Uninzi lwababhali abafanelekileyo baseSpain banxulunyaniswa nesimanjemanje
- UManuel Machado. Umsebenzi wakhe wobubongo mkhulu kakhulu; yima geqe umphefumlo o Umbongo ombi.
- UJuan Ramon Jimenez. Imbongi edumileyo ethe yamangaliswa ngumsebenzi UPlatero kunye nam (1914), umzekelo ofanelekileyo we-modernism ebalisayo.
- I-Ramón del Valle-Inclán. Umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga owaziwayo, umbhali wenoveli kunye nembongi. Owona msebenzi wakhe ubalulekileyo wanamhlanje ngulo Amavumba asentsomini. Iivesi zokudumisa umntu ongcwele.
- Benavente Hyacinth. Umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga owanika iqonga laseSpain ukulungiswa okubalulekileyo. Nangona wayekwabhala imibongo, amabali amafutshane kunye namanqaku ephephandaba. NgoMgqibelo ebusuku Ngumsebenzi okhupha amazwi eengoma.