Unolayibrari waseAuschwitz (2012) yinoveli yembali ngumbhali waseSpain kunye nentatheli u-Antonio González Iturbe. Ibalisa ngomdlalo owenziwa nguDita Adlerova, owathi, xa wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, waba liqhawekazi lenkcubeko embindini wenkampu yoxinaniso yaseAuschwitz, ePoland.
Le ntombazana inikezela ngeencwadi kubantwana bebhloko ye-31 kwaye yadala-ngokomyalelo wentloko yelo candelo, uFredy Hirsch-indawo efihlakeleyo yokufundisa. Ke ngoko, imele Ibali elihambisayo malunga nokumelana kwabantu ukoyisa uloyiko lobuNazi. Ayothusi into yokuba esi sihloko siguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingama-31 kwaye siphumelele amabhaso awahlukeneyo elizwe nakwamanye amazwe.
Sobre el autor
UAntonio González Iturbe wazalelwa eZaragoza, eSpain, ngo-1967. Uchithe ubuntwana bakhe kunye nolutsha e-Barcelona, apho afunda khona iSayensi yoLwazi. Ngaphambi kokuthweswa isidanga ngo-1991, Usebenze kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo: ukusuka kumbhaki ukuya kubambisene nentatheli kumabonakude wasekhaya ukuze azixhase kwaye agqibe izifundo zakhe.
Emva kokuthweswa isidanga, usebenze njengomhleli kunye nomphathi oyintloko wamaphephancwadi kunye nokupapashwa okunxulumene nenqanaba loncwadi kunye nobugcisa. Uye wenza umsebenzi wokusasaza inkcubeko kwizibonelelo zemihla ngemihla ezinje La Vanguardia. Namhlanje, ungumlawuli wephephancwadi Ikhampasi yeNcwadingaphandle kokuba ngutitshala kwiYunivesithi yaseBarcelona nakwiYunivesithi yaseMadrid.
Umsebenzi woncwadi
Iinoveli ezine, izincoko ezimbini kunye neencwadi zabantwana ezilishumi elinesixhenxe (zahlulwe zangamacandelo amabini) yimithwalo yoncwadi ka-Antonio González Iturbe. Luhambo oluqale ngalo Tye Tye (2004), inoveli yakhe yokuqala, apho wafumana ukuqondwa okuthile. Nangona, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, Umsebenzi wakhe owaziwayo kunye neenombolo zokuhlela ezigqwesileyo kuye Unolayibrari waseAuschwitz.
Isishwankathelo se Unolayibrari waseAuschwitz
Kwinkampu yoxinaniso Ukutshatyalaliswa Auschwitz, umYuda waseJamani ogama linguFredy HirschUtyunjwe ukuba ajongane nezindlu ezingama-31, apho kukho abantwana. Ngaphandle kokuthintela ngokucacileyo amaNazi, uHirsch uhlala ndinomnqweno wokudala isikolo esifihlakeleyo. Ngokucacileyo, yayingengomsebenzi olula, kuba imibhalo yezifundo, inkolo okanye ezopolitiko zazingavunyelwanga ngokupheleleyo.
Emva kwexesha, uDita Adlerova omncinci wafika kwinkampu yoxinaniso, owathi, xa eneminyaka eyi-14, wavuma ukunceda njengothala weencwadi.. Kwelinye icala, ubomi bemihla ngemihla kuloo ndawo ivalekileyo iya kuba yintlekele. Njengoko ibali liqhubeka, kubaliswa amabali amabi kunye nabuhlungu. Kodwa bekukho nendawo yothando (umzekelo, phakathi kwejoni lamaNazi kunye nelinye ibhinqa eliselula elingumJuda).
Unoncwadi
UDita uqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomgcini wethala lonyaka. Ngeli xesha uhlala ezifihlayo (ngamanye amaxesha ngaphakathi kwengubo yakhe) iincwadi ezisibhozo kuphela apho, phakathi kwazo kukho ababhali abanjengoHG Wells okanye uFreud. Ke, U-Adlerova woyisa uloyiko ngokuzinikela kwinkululeko. Ngokunokwenzeka, usothala weencwadi oselula wayengazi ukuba angayenza na iAuschwitz iphila.
Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiswa ophambili osebenzayo ukhusela ithala leencwadi elincinci ngaphandle kokucinga kakhulu ngaye. Emva kwexesha, ukuthunyelwa kwakhe eBergen-Belsen-kwayindawo apho wabulawa sisifo se-typhus UAnne ngokuphandle- eJamani. Kamva, Ukusweleka kukaHirsch kwenzeka kwaye uDita udibana nodumo lukaGqirha Mengele (edume ngokuzama amaJuda). Ekugqibeleni, wakhululwa ngasekupheleni kwemfazwe.
Ukubaluleka komsebenzi
Ngelixa ilixesha elide okokoko ukuwa kwamaNazi ngo-1945, kwaye nehlabathi litshintshe kakhulu ukusukela ngoko, le ntlekele yomntu ihleli. Ngokufanelekileyo, la Shoah, intetho elithetha "intlekele", Ayibonisi kuphela inani elimangalisayo lokufa, kodwa nokuphakanyiswa kobubi bomntu. Ngesi sizathu, uncwadi ngokubanzi luye lwaphinda into eyenzekileyo ukugcina inkumbulo.
Enyanisweni, xa uthatha ibali elenzeka kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, Unolayibrari waseAuschwitz uthumela umyalezo eluntwini: “khumbula”. Ke ngoko, umbhali wayo ubhengeza ubunyani balo mbandela obonisa iintlungu eziphilayo nakwiYurophu nakwiNtshona ngokubanzi.
Imbeko kumaxhoba kunye neencwadi
Malunga nentsingiselo enikwe kule noveli, ubuntu babo bokungqina buxabiseke ngokukodwa. Ngendlela efanayo, kuye kwaqatshelwa kwingxelo yakhe yokwenyani malunga noko kwenzeka kwiinkampu zoxinaniso zamaNazi. Kwangelo xesha, le ncwadi inika imbeko kumaxhoba kunye nokuphononongwa kwamandla abo baphethwe bubuNazi.
Ukongeza, into ekhuthazayo kakhulu iyavela Zombini ezombhali, nezabafundi-: Amandla eencwadi. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngokuyinxenye, kubhengezwe uthando lwe-Iturbe kumathala eencwadi, kuba ngale ndlela wafumanisa ibali likaDita Kraus (igama lomtshato ophambili).
Uhlalutyo lweLayibrari yaseAuschwitz
Inoveli yembali
Ukulandwa okungekho mthethweni kunye neenkcukacha ezibandakanyiweyo kubandakanya iindinyana ezithile eziyinyani, kodwa ibali elipheleleyo lisekwe ngokupheleleyo kwiziganeko zokwenyani.. Kule tekisi, umlinganiswa ophambili woyisa umfundi ngenkalipho kwaye uyakwazi ukuphila. Okwangoku, uDita uhlala kwaSirayeli, umhlolokazi umbhali Otto Kraus (lowo wayetshatile iminyaka engama-54).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Intsomi ekhoyo kule noveli incitshisiwe ibe yindibaniselwano yexeshana okanye yomlinganiswa, kodwa akukho siqendu sixokisiwe okanye siyabaxwa. Ngokwenyani, phantse onke amagama, imihla, iindawo, kunye nezalathiso zichanekile. Olu lokugqibela luqinisekiswe nguDita Kraus ngokwakhe kudliwanondlebe xa wafunda malunga nomgangatho othengisa kakhulu awunike wona Amazon.
Imixholo yenoveli
Kwincwadi yamabali emalunga neMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi (okanye malunga nayo nayiphi na imfazwe eqhubeka ixesha elide), umxholo wentlekele yabantu uhlala usembindini webali. Kodwa oku akunjalo Unolayibrari waseAuschwitz. Endaweni yoko Ujoliso luwela kwinqanaba apho imiboniso yenkalipho eyenziwa ngabalinganiswa abachaziweyo yenzeka khona.
Umxholo wobubi bomntu unqamleze, kodwa imixholo ethi Iturbe ifuna ukuphakamisa nokunxibelelana nezinye. Nangona kunjalo, Xa ujongene nenkohlakalo engaka kunye nokufa, unokudlula ngentando encomekayo. Kule meko, uFredy Hirsch isimntwiso senkalipho ngelixa uDita efuzisela ukuzibophelela; zombini zimele ithemba.
Ithemba nentando
Unolayibrari waseAuschwitz yi-ode kwiimpawu ezintle zomntu kunye neempawu ezinokuthi zivele kwimeko embi kakhulu. Kuba, ukuthetha inyani, azisoze ziphele iimfazwe. Ezo ntlobo zokuvalwa zinendawo kuphela kwiimovie zaseHollywood; ubomi bokwenyani yenye into.
Emva kongquzulwano lobukhulu obungaka, kuphela ngabantu abasindileyo, abantu abafudukayo, amabhodlo kunye neentlungu eziseleyo. Ngayiphi na imeko, amangqina aya kuhlala ekwazi ukulumkisa izizukulwana ezizayo ukuthintela amaxhoba kunye neziganeko ekuweleni elibeleni ... Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlonipha abawileyo.