I-Tiahuanaco, iBolivia. Ukuhamba nokubhala yinxalenye yothando olunye. Inoveli ihlala iluhambo
Kuyasivuyisa ukuba namhlanje kwibhlog yethu uGabriel Martínez, Alicante, 1952, umhambi ongakhathali, ngaphandle kwemiqathango nguJose Luis Borges, kunye neenoveli ezisithoba ezipapashiweyo, zonke ziseAmazon, enye yazo, iMilky Way Killer, intengiso ephezulu yeAmazon kunye neLa U-Estirpe del Cóndor, oGqibeleleyo kwiBhaso leNoveli laseAzorín ngo-2014.
UGabriel Martinez: Ukuhamba nokubhala yinxalenye yothando olunye. Inoveli ihlala iluhambo, kwaye umntu ulilizwekazi. Ubume bomntu bufana nakweyiphi na inkcubeko, kodwa umbhali ukondliwa kungekuphela ziimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo; izandi, amavumba, incasa kunye nemibala. Ukuba ubanjwe libali okanye umlinganiswa ophela kwinoveli ngexesha lohambo, kuhle.
AL: Uqale nini ukubhala?
GM:Xa ndandineminyaka esibhozo okanye esithoba ndaqala ukwenza amabali amancinci, kodwa andizange ndiwathathe nzulu de, emva koqhawulo-mtshato, naxa abantwana bam beqala ukubhabha ndedwa, ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndishiye yonke into ndizinikele ekubhaleni.
AL: Iinoveli ezili-9 zipapashiwe, enye yazo, iMilky Way Killer, impumelelo enkulu yokuthengisa kwiAmazon, eyona ndawo inkulu yokuthengisa iincwadi emhlabeni, enye, iLa Estirpe del Cóndor, owokugqibela kwi-Azorín Novel Prize ka-2014, kodwa uGabriel Martínez uyaqhubeka nokuzenzela -sipapasho.Ngaba sisigqibo sakhe okanye kunzima kakhulu kumshicileli omkhulu ukubheja kumbhali?
GM: Ndineenoveli ezintathu ezigqityiweyo kwidrowa; enye yazo, isavenge sesine sikaCandandante Roncal, kodwa kubonakala ngathi iinoveli zam azinamdla kubapapashi, ezinkulu nezincinci. Kuya kufuneka ndibengumsasazi kamabonakude ukuze umvakalisi abe nomdla kum. Ndicinga ukuba xa ndincama ndiza kugqiba ndizilayishe kwiqonga ledijithali, kuba inoveli ayenzi ngqondo ukuba ayifiki kwindawo yayo, engabafundi.
KWI: Ngaba ubugebenga boncwadi buyakukhathaza?
GM: Ndiyazi ukuba kwiiwebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo zikazwelonke nezamazwe aphesheya, uninzi lweenoveli zam zinikezelwa simahla kwiPDF nakwezinye iifomathi. Andinalwazi lokuba zingaphi iikopi ezikhutshelweyo ngaloo ndlela, kodwa ndinoloyiko lokuba umtsalane ongenakuphikiswa "wenkululeko yasimahla" wenza ukuba ubugqwetha bungaphepheki.
AL: Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo wawushiya umsebenzi wakho ukuze uzinikele kuncwadi.Ngaba ungaphila ngokubhala iincwadi?
GM: Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Bambalwa kuphela abakwenzayo.
AL: Andizukucela ukuba ukhethe phakathi kweenoveli zakho, kodwa phakathi kwababhali bakho obathandayo.Ukuba ubunokuhlala nababhali abathathu, ibiya kuba ngubani? Bekuyakuthini ukuba ibiziincwadi ezintathu kuphela?
GM: Baninzi ababhali abanomdla kum, kodwa ukuba bendinokukhetha abathathu, ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuba nguBorges, uDostoyevski kunye noVargas Llosa wokuqala. Kwaye ezo ncwadi zintathu zaziza kundisa kwisiqithi esiyintlango, iAleph, uMdlali, noNcoko eCathedral.
AL: Uyatshintsha phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye noseto kwiinoveli zakho: Kwi-Los 52 usithuthela kwimfazwe yamakhaya, kwi-Sherlock Holmes Club uyalinga nge-Illuminati, eLa Cóndor Line singena kubukhosi be-Inca, eMzantsi we-Oran thina Ngena ngokupheleleyo kwinkululeko yeAlgeria, kwiileta zaseBhabheli usikhokelela eIstanbul emva kobuqhetseba bosapho, isixeko esikwabonakala nakwifilimu yokuqala, mna ongahlali ngaphandle kwakho naphakathi kwako konke oku, sifumana Iinoveli zolwaphulo-mthetho Kwindlela esulungekileyo yeklasikhi, ene-Commander Roncal.Ngaba kukho umgca wokudibanisa phakathi kwabo bonke?
GM: Umbuzo, ngowuphi umgca wonxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi kweenoveli zam? Ndizibuze ngexesha elithile, kwaye kwakungekho nzima ukufumana impendulo: umbono onikwa ngumgama. Umgama ovumela abalinganiswa ukuba bajonge ngasemva ngaphandle komsindo. Ngokwenyani bonke abalinganiswa beenoveli zam bayishiya imeko-bume yabo kwaye bahambe imigama emide ukuze baziqonde ngcono kwaye bajongane nomceli mngeni, ngandlela thile okanye oguqula ubomi babo. Uninzi lwabafundi bam lunamathela kwiinoveli zembali, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba uninzi lwam luthanda iinoveli zam zolwaphulo-mthetho.
UGabriel Martínez: Inoveli yembali ebhaliweyo emhlabeni. Thebes. Jiphethe.
AL: Ungena kwinoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nonogada waseburhulumenteni njenge-protagonist, ushiya kude kuhlobo oluqhelekileyo lolo hlobo: Amapolisa, abecuphi babucala, amagqwetha, nkqu nabaphengululi, uLorenzo Silva noGabriel Martínez, bambalwa kuni abanobuganga bokukhetha iBenemérita njenge abalinganiswa. Kutheni Unogada? Ngaba kuya kubakho ezinye izinto ezizayo ze-Commander Roncal?
GM:Ukukhetha iRoncal njenge-protagonist yayingeyiyo inkqubo yokuqonda. Ngamanye amaxesha ndicinga ukuba, njengamabali, yayinguye owakhetha ukuba ndimvuse ebomini. Oku Emva kokugqiba isavenge sesine somlawuli weRoncal, "I-Codex yaseBarcelona" kwaye ndikrokrela ukuba emva kweCodex, kuya kubakho amanye amabali eRoncal.
AL: Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ozithandayo okanye imikhwa xa ubhala? Umntu oza kubonisa umsebenzi wakho ngaphambi kokuba ubazise ukukhanya?
GM: Ukubhala ndifuna ixesha, ukuba wedwa kunye nokuthula. Yonke imihla ndaphinda ndifunda into ebibhalwe kusuku olungaphambili kwaye ndilungisa izichazi, izivakalisi okanye imihlathi yonke. Ndifuna ukuyithanda njengomfundi ngaphambi kokuba ndiyamkele.
Xa ndigqiba inoveli ndidlulisa lo mbhalo-ngqangi kubahlobo abambalwa ukuze bafumane uluvo lwabo, kodwa kufuneka ndivume ukuba oyena mntu undigxekayo (kwaye ke oyena ulungileyo) yintombi yam uAndrea.
AL: Bunjani ubudlelwane bakho nenethiwekhi yoluntu? Ngaba bayamnceda umbhali ukuba aqhakamshelane nabafundi okanye ngaba lihlathi elenza kuphela ukuphazamiseka?
GM: Ngeliphandle kakubi. Ndinomdla kakhulu kwingxelo evela kubafundi, kwaye ukuba ndifumene ijelo kuphela kuyo bendiya kuyikhangela, kodwa andinamdla kakhulu kwinkunkuma kaFacebook okanye kuTwitter.
AL: Incwadi yakho yamva nje, iLas Putas de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria yapapashwa ngo-2015. Iyintoni iprojekthi yakho elandelayo?
GM: Ukongeza kwiincwadana ezintathu ezigqityiweyo ezilinde ukupapashwa, ndigqibile ukubhala ifilimu. Okwangoku ndibhalela imincili eyenzeka eMexico.
AL: Iphepha okanye ifomathi yedijithali?
GM: Zombini, ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Xa ndithenga incwadi, into yokuqala endiyenzayo ukuvula amaphepha ayo ukuze ndiyive, yile nto imangalisayo endingenakukwazi kwaye andifuni ukuyenza ngaphandle kwayo. Isisipho esihle kakhulu, sakho okanye esabanye. Kodwa kuyenzeka kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, izizathu zendalo, ifomathi yedijithali ilapha ukuze uhlale.
AL: Ungasichaza njani isitayile sakho, iimpembelelo zakho? Ngaba iinoveli zakho zingena njani kuluntu lwanamhlanje?
GM: Umbhali akaqhelekanga kuluntu ahlala kulo, kwizalathiso zenkcubeko yakhe. Ngale ndlela ndizibhengeza ukuba ndinetyala kwi-cinema. Phambi kokuba ndibe ngumbhali, ndandingumfundi, nditsho nangaphambi kokuba umboniso bhanyabhanya (umabonwakude eze kamva azophawula indlela yakhe yokuxelela), kwaye ke, ngokuqinisekileyo, zonke iinoveli zam zithatha inxaxheba kwingxelo yesinema. Ziyile, ngokuthetha, ezibonakalayo, ngaphandle kwexesha lokuphumla, kwaye zinengoma yazo yesandi. Kwiinoveli zam ungaliva ilizwi likaNorah Jones, uConcha Piquer okanye uBillie Holiday, nakwi "Las putas de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria" yiReggaeton, umculo umlinganiswa ophambili ahlala umamela, lowo ubeka isingqisho isenzo.
AL: Ukuvala, ndiza kukubuza owona mbuzo ubalulekileyo umbhali anokuwubuza: Kutheni ubhala?
GM: Akukho mpendulo inye kulo mbuzo, kodwa ndingakuxelela ukuba ndibhala kuba ndiyakonwabela ukuyenza. Ukongeza, kukho into enomlingo kwindlela ngamagama, njengezitena zomakhi, onokwakha eso sakhiwo siyinoveli. Borges wathi:
“Kuzo zonke izixhobo zomntu, eyona nto ikhwankqisayo yile ncwadi. Ezinye zizandiso zomzimba wakho. Imicroscope, iteleskopu, lulwandiso lwamehlo akho; umnxeba kukwandiswa kwelizwi; ke sinekhuba kunye nekrele, ukolulwa kwengalo. Kodwa incwadi yenye into: incwadi lulwandiso lweenkumbulo kunye nentelekelelo "
Enkosi uGabriel Martínez, sijonge phambili ekufumaneni izandla zethu kufakelo lwamva nje nguMlawuli Roncal kwaye sibona ifilimu eya kuvuswa yile script.