ULuis Villalon. Udliwanondlebe nombhali we-El cielo sobre Alejandro

ULuis VillalonUkusuka e-Barcelona ukusuka kwi-69, ngumbhali weqela ukuziqhelanisa malunga neGrisi yakudala efana Imfazwe yeTrojan okanye Alexander ekupheleni kwehlabathi. Ngo-2009 wapapasha Helenikon, umsebenzi ophumelele ibhaso I-Hislibris umbhali omtsha obalaseleyo wenoveli. Eyokugqibela iposelwe yile Isibhakabhaka ngo-Alexander, kutshanje ukhethwe njengowokugqibela kumabhaso e-Hislibris, kwaye koku udliwano ndlebe Usixelela ngayo kunye nezinye izihloko ezininzi. Ndiyalixabisa kakhulu ixesha lakho nobubele bakho.

Udliwanondlebe noLuis Villalón

• ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Ngaba uyayikhumbula incwadi yokuqala owayifundayo? Kwaye ibali lokuqala olibhalileyo?

ULUIS VILLALÓN: Eyokuqala ngokuchanekileyo, hayi. Ndicinga ukuba yayiyikholeji ethile okanye ukufunda kwisikolo esiphakamileyo: Umbongo kaMío Cid, Celestine…, Enye yazo kwakufuneka ibekhona. Yokufundela ukonwaba, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwesikolo okanye ukumiselwa komntu, ndiyakhumbula ndifunda umzekelo Ilifa, ukuba umthengisi ogqibelele nguAlex Halley Oko kwaba yimfashini kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo kwaye benza ukuba uthotho lube nodumo ngakumbi kunencwadi. Ndiyakhumbula kwakhona Umda oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ekwanayo noluhlu lwee-TV. Andazi ukuba babengabokuqala, kodwa baya kuba lapho.

Ibali lokuqala endilibhalileyo? Xa ndandikunyaka wesithandathu we-EGB ndabhala (ndazoba, kungcono) a I-comic ngamabali ahlukeneyo e-superhero ukuba ndiyenzile. I-comic nayo yayinezinto zokuzonwabisa, amabali kunye nezinto ezingenangqondo; Ndayenza ikhava ndaza ndayifaka ngokungathi yincwadi. Kwikhosi elandelayo ikhomikhi yaqhubeka, nakwenye ngokunjalo. Ndisenazo nangoku. Ndandikuthanda nokubhala imibongo, kunokuba rippy kwaye yenzelwe ukonwaba. Ndiyayikhumbula loo nto durante emkhosini Ndithathe isigqibo sokubhala incwadi yefilosofi. Ndabhala malunga namaphepha angama-30 okanye angama-40.

• AL: Yeyiphi incwadi yokuqala eyakubetha kwaye ngoba?

I-LV: Ndicinga ukuba zazimbini: ItnguStephen King wandibetha ngezizathu ezicacileyo: ibali lalisoyikeka, abalinganiswa abaphambili yayingabantwana abathi kamva bakhula ... ndandimncinci xa ndiyifunda, mhlawumbi bendiya kuba neminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Enye yayiyiyo Ibali elingenasiphelo, Ngu-Michael Ende. Kwintelekelelo, Mnu.

Xa ndiyifunda, ngokusengqiqweni, indlela iimbekiselo ezininzi zeentsomi endathi kamva ndafunda ukuba ndinayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ndicinga ukuyiphinda-phinda ngenxa yeso sizathu, ukuyikhangela. Kodwa ndiyoyika ukuyenza, ukuze ndingonakalisi inkumbulo elungileyo endinayo yencwadi.

• AL: Ngubani umbhali wakho omthandayo? Unokukhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakwezinye iindawo.

I-LV: Ewe, andazi ukuba ndinayo, andicingi. Ngaphezu kwababhali, ndingathi iincwadi ndizithanda kakhulu. Kwezakudala, U-Oliver Twist ukusuka kuDickens, Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezohlwayo nguDostoevsky, Ubalo lweMonte Cristo UDumas, ezinye iidrama zikaShakespearean, iwuthering Heights nguEmily Brontë, UJane Eyre kudadewabo uCharlotte ...

Ngababhali bangoku, ezinye iinoveli ngu UJose Carlos Somoza, de UJavier Marias, Cormac McCarthy, John Williams ... Ndisandula ukufumanisa UIris Murdoch, umbhali waseIreland owasweleka kwiminyaka engama-25 eyadlulayo. Iinoveli zakhe zixinene kwaye kufuneka zifundwe ngokuzolileyo, kodwa ndiyathanda: Ulwandle, ulwandle, inkosana emnyama, Unyana wamazwi...

Ndichithe iminyaka eliqela ndifunda iinoveli zembali, uhlobo endiluthandayo (enyanisweni, ukuba ndingumbhali wento ethile, yinoveli yembali) Ndisazifunda, kunjalo. Ndiyabathanda ababhali bakudala belo hlobo: URobert Graves, uGisbert Haefs, uMika Waltari okanye uMary Renault.

Kodwa ukuba ngababhali abathandayo kuthethwa ngabo endifunde kakhulu, kuya kufuneka ndiye ku IsiGrike: Homer, Thucydides, Herodotus, Sophocles, Plato, Xenophon, Aristophanes… Yonke into yaqala ngamaGrike.

• AL: Nguwuphi umlinganiswa osencwadini onqwenela ukudibana naye kunye nokwenza?

I-LV: Andazi, kuya kufuneka ndiyicinge. Iyenzeka kum iTiglath yaseAsiriya, ophambili UmAsiriya y Inkwenkwezi yegazi, iinoveli zikaNicholas Guild. OKANYE ULario Turmo de ItruscannguMika Waltari; okanye UBartleby de Bartleby, unobhalaNguMelville. Okanye mendel, de Mendel kunye neencwadiNguStephan Zweig.

• AL: Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ozithandayo xa kufikwa ekubhaleni nasekufundeni?

I-LV: Andizithathi njengezinto zokuzonwabisa, kodwa imikhwa ezindincedayo ukugxila. Xa ndifunda okanye ndibhala ngokubanzi Ndifuna ukuthula, ngakumbi ngokwamazwi; ukuba ndiva intetho, ndiye ndilahlekelwe ngumkhondo wam kwaye andazi ukuba ndiyaphi. Kukho abantu abakwaziyo ukufunda phantsi kwezi meko, kodwa hayi mna. Rhoqo Ndafaka umculo ukubhala (ukungafundi), kufutshane kakhulu.

Ndikhetha ngaphambili oko ndifuna ukukuva, phantse rhoqo umculo wesixhobo (UMike Oldfield, uMichael Nyman, isandi esithile sengoma, okanye ingoma nje endiyithandayo), kwaye ndiyibeka ukuba idlale iphindaphindwe, kwiluphu, njengemantra. Ndikhe ndamamela ukungapheliyo kwingoma Lelona lizwe lihle nguLouis Armstrong, ogqunywe yimvumi yaseHawaii, ukuba abhale ibali elihlekisayo lamaGrike, noSocrates noPlato phakathi. Ndiphumelele ukhuphiswano lwebali naye.

• AL: Kwaye indawo oyikhethileyo kunye nexesha lokwenza oko?

I-LV: Ukuba bendinokukhetha ndingathi ebusuku, kodwa ngokubanzi ndiyafunda okanye ndibhale Xa ndinako. Kwiqonga elingaphantsi kwendlela (ngaphandle kwengxolo; emva koko kuya kufuneka ndiphinde ndifunde oko ndikufundileyo okanye ndiphonononge oko kubhaliweyo), ngexesha lesidlo sasemini, emva kwemini, ebhedini ... Yonke into kuxhomekeke kwixesha onalo.

• AL: Sifumana ntoni kwi Isibhakabhaka ngo-Alexander?

I-LV: Ewe, nokuba kubonakala kungenjalo kwisihloko, esingadibaniyo naye, okanye esidibana naye kancinci, nguAlexander, Alexander the Great. Kwabo bangamaziyo ukuba ungubani, uAlexander wayeyinkosi yaseMakedoniya, eneminyaka engama-22 ubudala ukoyisa ubukhosi obukhulu bamaPersi kwaye kwiminyaka eli-10 wayenommandla owawusuka empuma yeMeditera usiya eIndiya kunye nomlambo iDanube usiya ULwandle Olubomvu. Ukoyisa kwakhe kwatshintsha ihlabathi ngonaphakade. Kodwa inoveli ayenzi njalo va yoloyiso, kodwa Iimbandezelo zomnye wamaGrike owayehamba noAlexander kuhambo: iOnesícritus ethile, enegama elinzima nobomi bakhe okoko wabandakanyeka kwisicwangciso esingaqhelekanga esasijikelezwe ngukumkani waseMakedoni.

Ayisiyo inoveli yimbali ukuba uyisebenzise, ngengqiqo yokuba, ewe, kukho iindwendwe, kodwa ubuqhawe obuqhelekileyo abubonakali okuhlala kuhamba nohlobo olo, nokuba ayisiyindawo ende yedabi (nangona kukho amadabi), okanye abalinganiswa abahle kakhulu okanye ababi kakhulu. Ebomini akukho mntu umnyama okanye mhlophe, sonke singwevu, kwaye yile nto inoveli imalunga nayo, nangona ibekwe kwisimo esivela kwiminyaka engama-2300 eyadlulayo (enyanisweni, omnye wabalinganiswa uyakwazi "ukubona umbala "yabantu). Ndicinga inoveli unendawo ehlekisayo Ndiyathemba ukuba umntu uyabamba, y nanjalo enye imbonakalo, kuba abalinganiswa bachitha ubomi babo bebonakalisa ikamva labo.

• AL: Ngaba zikhona ezinye iintlobo ozithandayo ngaphandle kwembali?

I-LV: Ukuba kukho nantoni na Iintsomi, kodwa kuphela xa oko bandixelela kona kunamathela ngokwenene kwiintsomi. Xa izinto ezininzi zixubekile ezingandifanelanga, okanye ukucinga okungakumbi kuphoswa kuyo kunokuba intsomi ngokwayo sele ibandakanyekile, andinakukunceda kwaye ndinqamle. Ndiyathanda ukufunda ifilosofiNdicinga ukuba kungenxa yokuba (okanye enkosi kuye) ukuba ufundile loo nqanaba. Ngaphambi kokuba ndikuthande ukufunda ii-comic ze-superhero; Andazi ukuba oko kubalwa njengesini.

• AL: Ufunda ntoni ngoku? Ukubhala?

LV: Ndikunye Isincoko esenziwe nguLuciano Canfora, umbhali-mbali wase-Italiya kunye nophilologist, obizwa ngesihloko Ingxaki ye-utopia. I-Aristophanes ngokuchasene noPlato. Ndiyayithanda kakhulu. Yenye yezo ncwadi ofuna ukuyikrwelela okanye ukuthatha amanqaku kunye nokukukhuthaza ukuba ufunde ezinye izinto. Ngoku ubhale, Ndinayo Imbali yamaGrike kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC. C. ukuba siza kubona ukuba iphela kakuhle.

• AL: Ucinga ukuba imeko yokupapasha yenzelwe ababhali abaninzi ukuba bakho okanye ufuna ukupapasha?

I-LV: Baninzi ababhali, ewe, kwaye ndiyazifaka kwiphakeji. Kunzima ukupapasha incwadi, yiyo loo nto kunzima kuye nakubani na ukufumana umsebenzi: kukho unikezelo oluninzi, ababhali abaninzi, kunye nemfuno encinci. Abapapashi bekhusi kwaye bangabeki emngciphekweni wokupapasha amagama awaziwa kancinci, nangona kuyinyani ukuba abanye bakhetha ababhali abatsha okanye abo baqala ukuqala; kodwa kwakhona ingxaki yile ingxinano. Ungabhala ngcono okanye ngokubi, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi yithamsanqa emisela ukuba ufumane umpapashi opapashayo.

La desktop ukupapasha Yindlela yokuphuma kule ngxaki: ukuba awunampapashi, uyazipapasha kwaye ubone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Ubuncinci, iphupha lokubona incwadi yakho epapashiweyo sele lizalisekisiwe. Kwaye, enyanisweni, abapapashi ngamanye amaxesha baya kwii-portal ezinjengeAmazon bekhangela ababhali abazipapashileyo kwaye bayaphumelela, ukuba basayine. UMarcos Chicot, owokugqibela kwi-Planeta ibhaso kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, okanye uJavier Castillo, okanye uDavid B. Gil, babenethamsanqa.

• AL: Ngaba umzuzu wobunzima esijamelana nawo unzima kuwe okanye uya kuba nakho ukuhlala nento elungileyo?

I-LV: Ngokwam ndibenethamsanqa; Kwimeko yosapho lwam khange kubekho zintsholongwane ze-covid, kwaye kwinqanaba lomsebenzi ndikwenze oku phantse unyaka besingumthombo wobhubhane. Kodwa kuyacaca ukuba le meko ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lunexesha elibi kakhulu, zombini impilo kunye nomsebenzi. ndiyayicinga lonto ulwazi oluninzi loluntu luyasilela, Siphinde sikhubeke kwilitye elinye kwasekuqaleni kobhubhane ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi. Izibhedlele ziye zadilika nezigulana, iikliniki zezigulana ezingalaliswayo ziphuphuma ngumsebenzi ...

Ukuba ndinokuhlala nento elungileyo? Ewe, kuba sithetha ngeencwadi, Ndingonwaba kuba kwi-2020 ndashicilela Isibhakabhaka ngo-Alexander nenye into. Ndikho, kunjalo, kodwa ndiyoyika ukuba isiphelo asikhethanga owona nyaka ubalaseleyo wokuba ubekho.