Namhlanje lusuku apho ababhali kunye nemisebenzi emikhulu yoncwadi ihlala ihlonitshwa. Nangona kunjalo, ndifuna ukuhlonipha owasetyhini ongakhange abhale iincwadi, kodwa ebebandakanyeka ukuze wonke umntu abe nokufikelela kwinkcubeko nasekufundeni.
Ndiyathetha UMaria Moliner, umntu olityelweyo kwiRiphabhlikhi kwaye ebandakanyeka ekuvuleni amathala eencwadi kwaye wavelisa isichazi-magama esaziwayo: iDikshinari kaMaría Moliner.
UMaría Moliner (Zaragoza, 1900 -Madrid, 1981), wayengumgcini wamathala eencwadi, ugqirha wezobuchwephesha kunye nomchazi-magama. Intombi kagqirha wasezilalini, waphumelela kwiMbali kwiDyunivesithi yaseZaragoza kwaye emva konyaka wangena kwiFakhalthi yabaGcini boLondolozo, oonolayibrari kunye nabembi bezinto zakudala ngokuchaswa.
Isibhengezo seRiphabhlikhi kunye neMishini yokufundisa
UMaría, otshatile nabantwana, wayehlala eValencia xa iRiphabhlikhi yabhengezwa ngo-1931. Kwinyanga kamva, urhulumente wenza iBhodi yeeMishini zokufundisa, apho uMaría azibandakanya khona kwaye enze igqiza laseValencian.
Ngo-1931 ukungafundi eSpain kudlulile kwiipesenti ezingama-44, uninzi lwabafazi, kwaye sisi-60 ekhulwini kuphela sabantu ababekwazi ukufikelela ezincwadini okanye kumaphephandaba. INkonzo yeThala leeNcwadi yayiququzelelwa nguLuis Cernuda, uJuan Vicens kunye noMaría Moliner kwaye kuye iipesenti ezingama-1931 zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweMishini yokuFundisa yabelwa, oko kwakuthetha ukuba phakathi kuka-1936 no-5.522 amathala eencwadi ama-XNUMX ayenziwa.
EValencia, uMaría wanikela ngamandla akhe onke ekwandiseni amathala eencwadi ajikelezayo, aneencwadi ezilikhulu kwidolophu nganye okanye kwilali nganye, eyabantwana neyabantu abadala. Kujikeleze amathala eencwadi, waququzelela uthotho lweentetho, iiseshoni zemiboniso bhanya-bhanya, uphicotho-zincwadi kunomathotholo kunye neealbham ezikhethiweyo, iinjongo ezisisiseko kwisicwangciso sakhe sokuguqula ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala kunye nenkcubeko.
Njengoko kulindeleke, babengekho baninzi oosomathala eencwadi kumathala eencwadi amaninzi, ke ngoko wagqiba kwelokuba abashiye ezandleni zootitshala abangamadoda nabasetyhini kunye noomama beentsapho, kuba wabona ukuba banenkxalabo malunga nenkcubeko amadoda kwaye wabona kubo abafazi.abancedisi abafezekileyo.
Njengoko uMaría Moliner echaza malunga neelayibrari:
Imalunga nokuvusa kunye nokukhuthaza uthando lokufunda, yiyo loo nto kwiibhetshi ezithunyelweyo kukho intaphane yeencwadi ezonwabisayo kunye nokonwabela ubuhle, kunye nezo zinolwazi olwaneleyo malunga nezo zimvo, ezo ngxaki kunye nezo mbambano zishukumisa umhlaba Kuyo yonke imiyalelo yokucinga kunye nazo zonke iinjongo zobomi, yintoni eyenza ukuba le nto yomntu ingenakho kwaye ayifanelanga ukuba yeyangaphandle komnye umntu.
El Isichazi-magama sokusetyenziswa kwespanish Ngu-María Moliner
Kuthathwa njengesinye isichazi-magama esisesona silungileyo kwiRoyal Academy (RAE), yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1966-67 yindlu yopapasho yaseGredos kwaye uMaría Moliner wasebenzisa ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ukuyila.
Esi sichazi-magama seenkcazo, izithetha-ntonye, amabinzana kunye namabinzana asetiweyo, kunye negama lamagama, sisichazi-magama esiyinyani sesinxibelelanisi.
UMaría Moliner ulindelwe kwimiba ethile njengokumiselwa kwe Ll kwi L, kunye Ch kwi C (umgaqo i-RAE ebingayi kuwulandela de kube ngu-1994) okanye ukufakwa kwamagama asetyenziswa ngokufanayo kodwa i-RAE ibingazange yamkele, njengegama cybernetics.
Ukuba ufuna ulwazi ngakumbi malunga nesichazi-magama, kwifayile ye- Iwebhusayithi ye-Instituto Cervantes banokungena okupheleleyo kuye.
UMaría Moliner namhlanje
UMaría Moliner ngumzekelo wokungabikho kokusesikweni kwabasetyhini kunye ne-barbarism ye-absolutism.
Ngokubhekisele kumathala eencwadi ayo, iMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain kunye nozwilakhe owalandelayo kaFranco bayitshabalalisa le projekthi inkulu yamathala eencwadi eMishini yokuFundisa kunye nokufunda nokubhala kwinkcubeko. Njengoko kuchaziwe nguJuan Vicens eFrance ngo-1938 xa wayethetha ngefuthe lokunikwa ufundo loluntu ngexesha leRiphabhlikhi eSpain:
Ibali lilula, lihlala lifana xa abantu bewa phambi kotshaba: umthala wamathala eencwadi udutyulwa, iincwadi ziyatshiswa, kwaye bonke abo bathathe inxaxheba kumbutho wakhe bayadutyulwa okanye bayatshutshiswa.
Kwelinye icala, uMaría Moliner wayengumfazi wokuqala ukuba ngusihlalo kwisitulo iRoyal Academy yoLwimi, nangona wayengumfazi, kwaye ngokomsebenzi wayejongwa njengolayibrari kunakwisazi sezifundo zobuchwephesha, nangona wayelungiselele Isichazi-magama esibalulekileyo, samenza ukuba angaze angene kuso.
UCarmen Conde, umbhali kunye nowasetyhini wokuqala owamkelweyo kwi-Akhademi ngo-1979, akazange alibale ukuyikhankanya ngokungangqalanga kwintetho yakhe yokungena:
Isigqibo sakho esihle siphelisa ucalucalulo olungenabulungisa nolwakudala.
Eli nqaku lisebenzisela ukuhlonipha eli nenekazi leelwimi kunye nenkcubeko eyenze lukhulu kule ncwadi.
Kubonakala kufanelekile kum ukubuthethelela obu buntu benkcubeko yaseSpain, ndicalucalulwa kabini ngokuba ngumfazi kunye nokwenza umsebenzi wakhe ongumzekelo ngexesha leRiphabhlikhi. Umbulelo ongazenzisiyo kuye, kuba izimvo zakhe, nangona zininzi kakhulu iminyaka, zithwale iziqhamo kwaye amathala eencwadi ayabakho, ngaphandle kwengxaki, ezo ndawo zokudibana nokuqondana phakathi kwabantu.