Umbhali ongazange ayeke okanye ongasoze ayeke ukuba nothando ngam Uleopoldo Marechal. Uninzi kufuneka luyazi, njengoko uninzi kufuneka lungahoyi malunga nalo.
Umbhali WaseArgentina, Wazalwa ngoJuni 11, 1900, kwaye wasweleka ngoJuni 26, 1970, wayengomnye wababhali abaphambili aba bantu besishiyile.
Omnye weyona misebenzi yakhe ibalulekileyo ibingu "UAdam Buenosayres", Inoveli yakhe yokuqala eqala i-trilogy awayeza kuyigqiba kamva"Isidlo seSevero Arcángelo", kwaye"Megaphone okanye iMfazwe”. Ngaphandle kokubhala iinoveli, uzinikele kakhulu kwimidlalo yeqonga (ngemisebenzi enje nge “UDon Juan"Kwaye"Antigone Velez”), Kananjalo nokukhula kwakhe njengembongi enkulu kunye nombalisi wamabali.
Andikuboni kufanelekile ukuphanda ngobomi bomlobi apha, nangona kwiinkcukacha ezincinci endizithatha njengemnandi ukumazi ngcono, ngokunxulumene nomxholo wembali, kunye nomxholo woncwadi apho abahlobo bakhe babebaninzi "enkulu kakhulu".
Umbhali wayebaluleke kakhulu Umlandeli wePeronism, ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwayo, nasemva kwayo, eArgentina. Ngenxa yongquzulwano lwezopolitiko oluye lwaphakanyiswa yile mbono kwimbali, imisebenzi kaMarechal ubukhulu becala yehliselwa ekunyanzelweni kwabantu. "UAdam Buenosayres"Yayingaziwa ngokubanzi ngexesha lokupapashwa kwayo, ngo-1948, nangona yayinjalo, kwaye ngethamsanqa, yabhalwa kamva ngababhali kweli.
U-Leopoldo wazalelwa kwisixeko sase-Buenos Aires, nangona wayeye kumbindi welizwe ihlobo ezininzi noomalume bakhe, apho bathi bakufika bambiza ngokuba “zi-buenosayres” ngenxa yemvelaphi yakhe. Yiyo ke le into eyakhokelela kwigama lencwadi yakhe, uAdam, onokuthiwa ngandlel 'ithile ukuba abe nguye, kananjalo kusenokwenzeka ukuba afumanise ukuqondana okumangalisayo kwisangqa sabahlobo, kunye Abahlobo bakaMarechal ngokwenyani: Xul Solar, Borges noJacobo Fijman phakathi kwabanye.
Inqanaba eliphezulu lobuzwe elibonakaliswa ngumsebenzi liyenza ibe yenye yeentsika zoncwadi lwaseArgentina, kunye ne "UMartin Fierro","UDon Segundo Sombra", kwaye"Ubuso".
Malunga neyakho "UAdam Buenosayres", Leopoldo wabhala:"Xa ndibhala uAdán Buenosayres ndandingayiqondi indlela yokuphuma kwimibongo. Ukusukela kwangoko, kwaye ngokusekwe kwi-Aristotle's Poetics, kubonakala kum ngathi zonke iintlobo zoncwadi bezifanele ukuba ziindidi zemibongo, zombini ziyimbalasane, ziyadlala kwaye zinengoma. Kwaye, ukuhlelwa kwe-Aristotelian kwakusasebenza, kwaye ukuba ikhosi yeenkulungwane iphelise iintlobo ezithile zoncwadi, ibingakhange yenze oko ngaphandle kokwenza 'indawo' yabo. Kulapho kwabonakala kum ukuba inoveli, uhlobo lwanamhlanje, ayinakuba yenye into ngaphandle 'kokufaka ngokusemthethweni' kwi-epic yakudala. Ngale njongo ndibhalele uAdán Buenosayres ndayihlengahlengisa kwimimiselo uAristotle ayinike uhlobo oluhle.»
Incwadi ibonisa ixesha lokufudukela kwelizwe eliye lafunyanwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, apho iintsapho ezipheleleyo zazivela eSpain, e-Itali, eFrance nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, zikhangela umsebenzi, kwangaxeshanye zibaleka kwiintshutshiso zopolitiko Babandezeleka ezintlangeni. Isithembiso sobutyebi abarhuqelwa ngaso kweli lizwe yayisesisithembiso, kwaye iipokotho zabo zazikhangeleka zingenanto njengeminyaka eyadlulayo, yiyo loo nto bebexinene kwiindawo ezithile zesixeko saseBuenos Aires. Eli klasi labalinganiswa yile nto uMarechal ayithathayo ukuphucula imeko ahlala kuyo uAdán.
Yintoni enomdla kuncwadi lo mbhali, ngakumbi malunga nenoveli endithetha ngayo, ngumsebenzi wokuthandana ngokuqatha, kunye nefilosofi kunye nokuzilolonga okwenziwa ngabalinganiswa kubudlelwane babo. Ngokukodwa, kule nto ayinakuba ngumhlobo ka-Adam, isithandi sobulumko uSamuel Tesler, umlinganiswa ongaphefumlelwanga onesiphumo somdlali weenyani ezingenakubalwa ezihlala zisisizathu sokuhleka okungathethekiyo. Kwaye kwangaxeshanye, njengakuwo wonke umntu ozibolekisayo, kufanelekile ukungafuneki, awungekhe ungayihoyi into esisiseko, esivela kuthi sonke, eluthando. Kwaye ekubeni uAdam naye eyinxalenye yethu, wayethanda. Ukunikezela amanqaku akhe rhoqo kwisithandwa sakhe awayesiphethe kwincwadi yakhe enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eyathi, ukuya esiphelweni senoveli, wayinikezela kuye, edibana nemicimbi edlula nakwimfuno ngokwayo.
Kwaye ekubeni incwadi iyonke ikhenketho kuyo, nangona ezinye zininzi, uMarechal akakwazanga ukunceda kodwa ahloniphe uDante Alighieri, azenzele eyakhe isihogo, okanye mandithi, "isihogo sikaSchultze", umhlobo weenkwenkwezi ka-Adam . Ke ngoko, sitsalelwa kwisahluko emva kwesahluko, ngesihogo ngasinye esenza esona sikhulu, ngasinye sazo siyi-parody ebalaseleyo yeBuenos Aires egwetyelwe amalangatye amnandi ehlabathi.
Olu luseluhambo lwento esele isaziwa, okanye mhlawumbi unobangela wokothuka kwabanye (ndiyathemba). Mhlawumbi isingxengxezo sokuyifunda kwakhona, okanye ukuqala ukuyifunda, kuba ayisiyonxalenye nje yembali yoncwadi yaseArgentina, kodwa ikwayinxalenye yamazwi aphambili kwimbali.
Uluhlu lwamagama kaLeopoldo Marechal:
Imibongo
"Aguiluchos", 1922
"Odes for Man and Woman", 1929
"ILabyrinth yothando", ngo-1936
"Imibongo emihlanu yaseMzantsi", 1937
"ICentaur", ngo-1940
"Iingoma eziya kuSophia", ngo-1940
"Ingoma yaseSan Martín", ngo-1950
"Heptameron", ngo-1966
"Umbongo weRobot", ngo-1966
Itheyetha-
"UAntígona Vélez", ngo-1950
"UDon Juan", ngo-1956
Inoveli-
"UAdán Buenosayres", ngo-1948
"Isidlo seSevero Arcángelo", 1965
"Megaphone okanye iMfazwe", ngo-1970
Amakhonkco acetyiswayo: http://www.elortiba.org/marechal.html; marechal.org.ar
UMarechal noBorges babengabahlobo?