Namhlanje ihambile UStephen Hawking. ndibene 76 iminyaka kwaye mhlawumbi sele ikho kwenye yeeyunivesithi, imingxunya emnyama okanye iminyele. Okanye mhlawumbi iye yaba eyona nkwenkwezi yolwazi ibalulekileyo ukuba wakwazi ukuba ebomini bakhe. Ngayiphi na imeko, usishiya nelifa elikhulu nelikrelekrele awalihlanganisayo ezinye iincwadi, kuba wayeyintandokazi enkulu. Kwimemori yakhe ndibakhethile Izihloko ezingama-6 ukubanika uphononongo. 

Inqaku lobomi

Ukuhambahamba, uzalwe e Oxford ngoJanuwari 1942, wasishiya ngale ntsasa idlulileyo ekhayeni lakhe e ICambrigde. Kudala edlula kwiminyaka yobomi bakhe ephawulwe yi-ALS, awayekhathazwa yiyo ukusukela eneminyaka eyi-21 kwaye emhlalisa kwisitulo esinamavili. Kwaye ukusukela ngo-2005 wayenokunxibelelana kuphela ngokuhambisa umsipha phantsi kwamehlo akhe awayesebenzisa isixhobo sokuthetha. Kodwa ukukhubazeka akuzange kuvimbe ingqondo yakhe eqaqambileyo.

Waba ososayensi owaziwa kakhulu wehlabathi ukusuka 1988 xa wayepapasha Imbali yeXesha, incwadi eyamphakamisayo. Uninzi lwolo dumo lwalubangelwa kukhulu kwalo italente yesayensi ethandwayo ye-astrophysics, awayeyenza kwihlabathi liphela. Kwaye ibine uburharha obukhulu. Kwisizukulwana esitsha, okanye ngakumbi kumabonwakude, ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba, kuhlala kugcwele olo hlazo, kuthotho oludumileyo luya kuhlala kwii-retina Ingcingane ekulu kakhulu, Ebizwa kanye ngegama lakhe elidumileyo awayethetha ngalo ngemvelaphi yendawo kunye nexesha.

Umnqweno wokugqibela osishiyayo kukuba ungene kwi Usuku lwePi (3,14 ...) nakwi Iminyaka engama-139 yokuzalwa kuka-Albert Einstein. Kwaye namhlanje kungangumhla olungileyo ukuba ubone Ithiyori yayo yonke into, imuvi 2014 ibifanele loo nto UOscar kumdlali obalaseleyo ukuya UEddie Redmayne Ukubonakaliswa kwakhe kwe-Hawking.

Imbali emfutshane yexesha

Incwadi ye ukubhengezwa malunga nendawo kunye nexesha apho i-Hawking icacisa gca nangokufutshane imixholo esisiseko ye I-Newtonian mechanics, ithiyori yokuhambelana, ubuchwephesha be-quantum okanye i-cosmology wangoku. Ikwavela kwimihlaba ebanzi enje nge i-metaphysics kunye ne-theology, kuba indalo ayikhuliswanga kuphela ngumdali, kodwa ikwangumqinisekisi wentsingiselo yendalo iphela.

Ithiyori yayo yonke into

Kulo msebenzi uHawking usixelela a Imbali yendalo iphela ehamba big bang ukuya kwimingxunya emnyama. Ngaba iyangena Amanyathelo asixhenxe Ukuqala ngethiyori zokuqala zehlabathi lamaGrike kunye namaxesha aphakathi ukuya kwezona zinzima kwezi ntsuku. Sebenzisa uphawu lwakho ithoni yokufundisa kunye nokufikeleleka kubo bonke abaphulaphuli. Kwaye abameli bayo abanjengoNewton, u-Einstein, ubuchwephesha be-quantum, imingxunya emnyama kunye nethiyori yomanyano olukhulu luyavela kwakhona.

Imvelaphi yendalo yonke

Kubhaliwe kunye nentombi yakhe uLucy, xuba enkulu inzululwazi ibali labantwana. Olona vavanyo lwenzululwazi lukhulu embalini luphehlelelwe kwaye UGeorge noAnnie, abalinganiswa abaphambili, baya kuyibona ukusuka kumqolo ongaphambili. Baza kuhamba no-Eric, utata ka-Annie, osebenza kwiZiko laseYurophu loPhando lweNyukliya, eSwitzerland.

Kukho enkulu ingqokelela yamasuntswana, ukwazi uku jonga ixesha lokuqala lendalo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Big Bang. Izazinzulu kwihlabathi liphela bezisebenza kulingo kangangeminyaka kwaye akukho nto inokungahambi kakuhle. Kodwa ke uGeorge noAnnie bafumanisa isicwangciso sokuyonakalisa. Umbuzo kukufumanisa ukuba baya kufika ngexesha lokuthintela.

Umhlaba ngokufutshane

Kwakhona ngethoni yakhe ye-didactic, uHawking usimema ukuba simjoyine kwi uhambo olukhulu ngexesha lesithuba ngokubhekisele kwilizwe elimangalisayo apho amasuntswana, inwebu kunye nemitya yokudanisa kwimilinganiselo elishumi elinanye. Kwangelo xesha, imingxunya emnyama iyanyamalala ize inyamalale, ithathe imfihlo yayo. Kwaye siphela apho kuhlala amantongomane-imbewu yokuqala yendalo yonke-ukuvela kuyo indalo yonke esihlala kuyo.

Imingxunya emnyama kunye neeyunivesithi ezincinci

Lo msebenzi ngu ingqokelela yeetekisi ibhalwe yingcali yamachiza amaNgesi phakathi 1976 y 1992. Zaye zabhalwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu. Yenza ukuziqhelanisa -ukusukela Imizobo yomntu Inkcazo ecacileyo kunye neyonwabisayo yeengxaki eziphambili kwi-physics namhlanje-ibonisa imeko eqhubekayo yolwazi lwe-Hawking. Kukho kwakhona iintetho kunye nodliwanondlebe apho i-Hawking isibonisa khona izinto ezintsha malunga nendalo yonke.

Ibali elifutshane lobomi bam

Esi sihloko ngu ngobomi bakhe Imfutshane kwaye inyanisekileyo apho uHawking athetha ngobomi bakhe, ukusuka ebuntwaneni bakhe emva kwemfazwe eLondon ukuya kwiminyaka yakhe yodumo kunye nempumelelo. Oku kuboniswe ngeefoto ezingaziwayo kwaye usinika uHawking njengaye umfundi owayehlala ebuza kwaye abo afunda nabo babiza igama "Einstein." Kwakhona kwi Iqhula owakha wenza ukubheja nogxa wakhe malunga nemingxunya emnyama. Kwaye ku umzali oselula osokolayo esenza isifotho kwihlabathi lokhuphiswano lwezifundo.

Kubhaliwe ngokuthobeka kunye noburharha kwaye kuyo Hawking ivula malunga mingeni kwafuneka ajongane naye emva kokuba efunyaniswe enayo I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Elo themba lokusweleka kwangoko kwamkhokelela ekukhuliseni indlela yakhe yokucinga kunye nemiceli mngeni ngakumbi kubukrelekrele.