NgoJulayi 15, 1885, umama wemibongo yaseGalician, uRosalía de Castro, wasweleka., umfazi olilolo, owomeleleyo nocekisekayo ngexesha ubufazi besini kunye namazwe aseGalician ayedeliwe yimijikelezo yenkcubeko yaseSpain.
Kwiminyaka eyaqatshelwa emva kokufa kwakhe, namhlanje umbhali weeNgoma zaseGalicia ngumfanekiso weGalicia, omnye wababhali ababalulekileyo benkulungwane ye-19 kunye nomzekelo wenkalipho ngamaxesha angekho sikweni, esiwakhumbulayo namhlanje Actualidad Literatura.
Ukuvuya kweSaudade kunye neGalician
Nangona kunjalo ababhali-mbali kunye nabagxeki banyanzelisa ukufihla utata kaRosalía de Castro, ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaziwa ukuba eyona mbongi idumileyo yaseGalikhi embalini, owazalwa ngoFebruwari 24, 1837 eSantiago de Compostela, wayeyintombi yombingeleli uJosé Martínez Viojo kunye nomama owayenezixhobo ezimbalwa zoqoqosho ogama linguMaría Teresa de la Cruz Castro y Abadía, yiyo loo nto u-Castro wayeza kukhuliswa ngumakazi wakhe kunye , ke, ngubani onokumenza ukuba azi ngentliziyo yasemaphandleni yaseGalicia eya kuthi ikhuthaze indalo yakhe yoncwadi.
Ngaloo minyaka, Uncwadi lwesiGalician kunye nemibongo yahlanjululwa yiSpanish, lulwimi olunyanzelisiweyo kwaye lwagxila kwinkcubeko yenkcubeko kumbindi weSpain eqhubekekayo ukubiza inxenye yemingcelele yelizwe njengeendawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, zabalimi nezingalinywanga. Uluvo olwabetha ilifa le-lyric yaseGalician-Portuguese eyakhala ngendlela entsha ukuze ivuswe kwaye ibuyiselwe kubantu bayo.
Ngexesha lobuntwana wayehlala nomakazi wakhe ePadrón y Castro de Ortoño, eLa Coruña, URosalía de Castro waqala ukuqonda indlela obunzima ngayo ubomi kumlimi waseGalicia, ubuntununtunu babantu bayo kunye noluvo lokulangazelela into engenakufikelelwa. , eyaziwayo kwiprozi yaseGalician-Portuguese njenge "saudade", imvakalelo enokuwuchaza ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi kunye nobomi bomfazi uninzi aluthatha njengolulolo, oluzimeleyo nolunxungupheleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuzoba kunye nomculo zazonwabisa ngobomi bukaRosalía de wafudukela eMadrid, apho Utshatile uManuel Murguía, umphumeleli omkhulu weGalician Rexurdimento kunye nomyili weRoyal Galician Academy, owathi emva kokufunda incwadana yemibongo iLa flor, wakhuthaza umfazi wakhe ukuba apapashe iCantares Gallegos.
Ipapashwe ngo-1863 eVigo, ingqokelela yemibongo yaphefumlelwa ziingoma ezindala ezivela eGalicia ukuba umbhali walungisa kwakhona ukuze achaze imibongo ejongene nemixholo enjengothando, isimilo somhlaba waseGalikhi kunye nemeko yezentlalo nezopolitiko zelo xesha, ngakumbi Ngokubhekisele kubaphambukeli abakhokelwa ngamaGalicia ababesiya eLatin America.
Umsebenzi uye waxatyiswa kwaye "wahlengahlengiswa" ngamaGalikhi ngokwawo, aguqula inxalenye yemibongo yawo yaba luphawu lwenkcubeko esele ilibalekile.
Iingoma zaseGalician ziya kulandelwa eminye imisebenzi efana neFollas novas (1880) okanye kwiibhanki zomlambo iSar (1884), yomntu otshanje kwaye apho isimo sengqondo kunye nomzimba wombhali siya kuba sisona siphambili kwiprozi yakhe. Umsebenzi obonisa ukudandatheka okungagungqiyo komfazi ongaqondakaliyo, kude nobunzima bothando ngaphandle kokuba ngumfazi nomama kodwa, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ukhuthazwe sesi sifo esiza kuphelisa ubomi bakhe ngo-1885 ngenxa yomhlaza wesibeleko.
Iminyaka idlulile, kwaye imibongo eyayingene nzulu kuluntu lwaseGalikhi yaba ngamahobe ahamba ngaphezulu kwezinye iindawo, nto leyo eyathimba iintliziyo zabagxeki kunye nababhali (ngakumbi uninzi lwesizukulwana sama-98), owamkela uRosalía de Castro njenge-alma mater yeeleta zikaGalicia. .
Njengoko ndikhumbula, akukho nto ibhetele kunokwabelana ngale ndinyana ivela eLieders, eshwankathela inxenye yombhali:
Ithemba lozuko alizange lawulawula umphefumlo wam, kwaye andikaze ndiphuphe ama-laurels ecofa ibunzi lam. Ziingoma zokuzimela kunye nenkululeko kuphela eziye zangxenga imilebe yam, nangona bendikhe ndaziva ngathi, kwasekuzalweni, ingxolo yamatyathanga ekufuneka endivalele ngonaphakade, kuba ilifa labasetyhini ngamakhamandela obukhoboka.
Ngaba ukhe wamfunda uRosalía de Castro?