Umhlaba owonwabileyo (Kwihlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho) yenye yeencwadi ezili-100 ezinempembelelo kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.. Yabhalwa ngumbhali waseBrithani u-Aldous Huxley ngo-1932. Kwaye akusiyo kuphela incwadi yesayensi, kodwa i-dystopia ebeka umntu, inkqubo kunye noluntu.
Ngokuqinisekileyo Igqalwa njengeyona ncwadi ibalaseleyo yenkulungwane edluleyo ebalisa ngekamva elingaqinisekanga kunye nokudimazeka ngendlela eyenziwa ngayo i-dystopias. Kamva, kwakuza kulandela eminye imisebenzi ebalaseleyo. Ngaba uyawazi owona msebenzi mkhulu ka-Aldous Huxley? Apha sikuxelela ngakumbi malunga nencwadi, kunye nokubandakanya isishwankathelo senoveli.
Umbhali kunye nomxholo womsebenzi
U-Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) wayengumbhali waseBritani kunye nesithandi sobulumko. Wazalelwa kwintsapho yezazinzulu kunye neembongi ezinempembelelo ekukhuleni kweeleta kunye nokwakhiwa kwengcamango yakhe. Wabhala kwasebutsheni bakhe, epapasha inoveli, isincoko, ibali elifutshane, imibongo okanye umbhalo wefilimu.
Amashumi okuqala eminyaka enkulungwane yama-XNUMX yeza nenguqulelo yobugcisa eyayisele iqalile ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. ngenxa yoko uluntu lwaqalisa ukwenza utshintsho olwathi lwakhawulezisa indlela yokuphila yoluntu. Namhlanje oku kubonakala ngakumbi, kuyabonakala kuyo yonke indawo yobomi bethu. Sibalekile
Umhlaba owonwabileyo Ngomnye wale misebenzi ebonisa intshayelelo yoluntu lwethu. Yiyo loo nto ichaneke ngendlela eyoyikisayo. U-Aldous Huxley wayelindele ukuba iteknoloji iza kuthetha ntoni kuphuhliso lwabantu. Kulo msebenzi wathetha ngolawulo lwabantu kunye neemvakalelo zabo okanye ukukhethwa kwamadoda ukususela ekukhawulweni kwabo.
Kukho intetho ye-utopia okanye i-dystopia. Kuba, kwelinye icala, wonke umntu ubonakala onwabile, wonke umntu uyayazi into amakayenze kwaye akayibuzi indawo yakhe emhlabeni. Imvakalelo yendalo yokungabi nanto emntwini, xa enenkululeko yokuzikhethela, iya kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso elihlawulweyo lisenokuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngokucacileyo kukho inkululeko kwaye abantu banempilo entle.
Es ubomi obulungeleleneyo nobumyoli obufunyanwa ngokulahla ukucinga okunzulu, kunye neemvakalelo, nto leyo esibumba njengabantu: inkcubeko, uthando, intsapho okanye iimpazamo esinokuthi sizenze zezinye zeempawu ezikhatywayo kubemi beli. umhlaba owonwabileyo. Le noveli ngokupheleleyo isigxeko-ncomo soluntu lwexesha lombhali.
Ihlabathi Elitsha Elinobukroti: Isishwankathelo
Intshayelelo kunye nenkqubo yodidi
Isenzo sicingelwa kwiinkulungwane ezininzi emva kwexesha lethu. Kuthathwa njengembekiselo kuHenry Ford, owayengumgqugquzeli wendibano yendibano eye yanikela inkonzo engako kubukhapitali. kunye noluntu lwabathengi. Ayikhethwanga ngokungalindelekanga, kuba u-Huxley ngeli bali ufuna ukurekhoda indlela le nkqubo esihlala kuyo ibe nempembelelo kwaye inokuqhubeka nokwenza njalo. Unyaka ke, ngama-632 emva kweFord, nto leyo enokulingana nonyaka wama-2540 wekhalenda yethu. Uluntu lukhululekile ukuba luphile ngokwesini salo, ekubeni inkqubo yokuzala iyenye yezinto eguqulelwa yile noveli. Abantwana beza emhlabeni benekamva elimiselwe kwangaphambili, beqhutywa ngamaphupha, ukuba babe nendawo eluntwini.. Zenziwa ngokwetekhnoloji kwaye zahlulwe ngokwenkqubo yokucalula:
- iqela le alpha: abo bamiselwe ukukhokela abanye, ngabaphezulu. Banikwe ubukrelekrele obugqithisileyo.
- iqela le-beta: Banoluhlu oluphantsi loxanduva kunye nobukrelekrele obuphantsi kunabo bangaphambili. Benza iziyalelo zeAlfa.
- Iqela leGamma: babe nobuchule obuthile bokwenza imisebenzi ethile.
- Delta Group: ngabaphantsi kweGamma.
- Iqela le-Epsilon: ukwenza eyona misebenzi yoomatshini kunye nengathandekiyo.
Impikiswano
Abalinganiswa abaphambili nguBernard Marx kunye noLenina Crowne (kanye, amagama awakho ngengozi). Aba babini basebenza eLondon Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, besenza umsebenzi wodidi oluphezulu. Ngelixa uLenina ephila ngolonwabo kwaye ekhokela ubomi besondo obungalawulekiyo, uBernard kufuneka ajongane nokungakhuselekanga okwahlukileyo. Ngaphandle kobukrelekrele bakhe obungaqhelekanga (unguAlpha-plus), unezitenxo zomzimba ezikhokelela ekubeni ahlekwe aze agatywe ngabafazi. Uthandabuza iinkalo ezithile zobomi kwaye uhamba nayo ukuya kutyelela indawo yokugcina abantu abakhohlakeleyo.
UBernard uhamba noLenina kwaye bobabini badibana noJohn, owaziwa ngokuba yi "Savage". Abo bagqalwa njengeendlavini bahlala kule ndawo, kuba bangaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo, iLizwe Lehlabathi.. Ngokuphathelele uYohane, wazalwa kubudlelwane bezesondo phakathi kwabantu ababini abavela kwiLizwe leHlabathi; oko kukuthi, kwimeko yakhe, inkqubo yoqingqo-nzala etyalwe apho iye yasilela.
Kodwa uJohn uye wafundiswa ngumama wakhe (owayesakuba yinjineli yofuzo kwi-Incubation Centre) owamnyamekela waza wamnika izixhobo zokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. KUNYE UBernard noLenina banquma ukuyisa kwi-World State, isenzo esivula i-gap yezimvo, ukungavumelani kunye nezigqibo. oko kuya kuqalisa oko kwakujoliswe ekupheliseni ngomyalelo we-World State: inkululeko yokucinga kunye nokuzazi.
Iziphumo
Kweli hlabathi lingenabuntu nelilawulwayo, kuboniswa ukuba ukufakwa ngokungenakuphikiswa kwe ulonwabo ekucingelwa ukuba aluyonto kodwa bubuxoki nobuqhetseba obunganyamezelekiyo. Ekupheleni kwenoveli, ejongene nokuziphatha ngokwesondo okuphakamisayo, uBernard uzama ukubalekela kweli hlabathi kwaye abe ngumgcini wokuyeka ukucinga ngoLenina, kuba ucinga ngomnqweno wakhe malunga namanyala akhe. Nangona kunjalo, akayi kukwazi ukubaleka kwizinto ezinomdla kunye ne-bacchanalian elandela. Ezisola, uBernard uthatha ubomi bakhe.