Ishumi elinanye linani labaphumelele iBhaso leNobel kuNcwadi kulwimi lwesiSpanish, abamsebenzi wabo uyabavuza, kodwa ukwaliqonda yaye ulincoma ihlabathi laseSpeyin elidityaniswe lulwimi olufanayo, oluthethwa ngabemi bomthonyama abaphantse babe zizigidi ezingama-500; abangaphezu kwama-20 bayayifunda ngoku.
Phakathi kwazo kukho amagama asuka eSpain, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala nasePeru abathi ngemibongo, iinoveli, iidrama kunye nezincoko zabo baphumelele elona wonga libalaseleyo kwihlabathi elasekwa ngo-1901 eSweden. Apha sikhumbula ababhali baseMelika baseSpanishi abawongwe ngowona mahluko aphezulu.
Uluhlu lwababhali baseMelika baseMelika
UGabriela Mistral (eChile) - 1945
Umntu wokuqala waseSpanishi ophumelele iBhaso leNobel kuLuncwadi yayingumfazi; kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ekuphela kwayo. UGabriela Mistral (1889-1957) wayeyimbongi, umfundisi-ntsapho, kwaye wabambisana ngenkuthalo ekuphuculeni imfundo, apho wayehamba kakhulu phakathi kweMelika neYurophu kulo msebenzi. Ngowe-1953 wamiselwa njengommeli eNew York kunye nomthunywa kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Isimbo sakhe siphakathi kwe-postmodernism kunye ne-avant-garde; Ezinye zezona zihloko zakhe zibalulekileyo Yinkangala (1922) kunye Tala (1938).
Kwimibongo yakhe enengoma ethi, ephenjelelwe ziimvakalelo ezinamandla, lenze igama lakhe libe ngumqondiso weminqweno enqwenelekayo yehlabathi lonke laseLatin America.
- incwadi ecetyiswayo: ushicilelo lwesikhumbuzo sikaGabriela Mistral, umsebenzi we-anthological kwindinyana kunye neprose eveliswe yiRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) kunye ne-Association of Academies of the Language Spanish (ASALE).
UMiguel Angel Asturias (eGuatemala) - 1967
UMiguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974) wenza i-synthesis ye-surrealism kunye nenyani yomlingo yobuhle obukhulu emsebenzini wakhe.. Ingcamango yakhe yasekhohlo kunye nembali yangaphambi kweSpanishi yayiziimpawu ezimbini zomsebenzi wakhe. Ungoyena mbongi wamazwe ngamazwe waseGuatemala, nangona wayeza kufela elubhacweni eMadrid. Amanye amabali akhe amnandi ngala Mnu. Mongameli (1946) kunye Amadoda ombona (1949).
Ngempumelelo yakhe yoncwadi ephilayo, emiliselwe ngamandla kwiimpawu zesizwe kunye nezithethe zabantu bomthonyama baseLatin America.
- incwadi ecetyiswayo: Mnu. Mongameli Ikwanalo noshicilelo lwayo lwesikhumbuzo. Olu luqhanqalazo oluchasene noorhulumente bobuzwilakhe besiqhelo baseLatin America. Le noveli iphefumlelwe nguzwilakhe waseGuatemala uManuel Estrada Cabrera.
UPablo Neruda (eChile) - 1971
Isibongo sikaPablo Neruda (1904-1973) siyinxalenye yezopolitiko, ngokuyinxenye iphawulwe yinkohlakalo yemfazwe. kunye nentshabalalo eyishiyayo emva kwayo, nabantu abonzakele zizixhobo, ingcinezelo noloyiko. Kodwa ikwaluthando, umbongo ophuphuma inkanuko nokuthantamisa. Uye wadityaniswa nesizukulwana se-27 kwaye umsebenzi wakhe kwakhona lifa le-postmodernism kunye ne-avant-garde. Umsebenzi wakhe wobubongo unezinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye, awukho wasemzini konke konke, kwaye usela kumava obuqu kunye nomxholo wexesha apho imbongi yayiphila. ngengcamango yobukomanisi, ubomi bakhe babuzinikele kwizizathu zezopolitiko, wayeyilungu leSenethi kwaye waba ngumgqatswa wobongameli baseChile.
Ngokunjalo, wayephila ubomi obunzima njengomhambi ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wozakuzo. Ukukhathazeka kwakhe ngenxa yokubulawa komhlobo wakhe osenyongweni uGarcía Lorca kwamkhokelela ekubeni alwe kwicala leRiphabhlikhi kwimfazwe yamakhaya., ngaloo ndlela edala umsebenzi wakhe Spain entliziyweni. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo yile Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla, Cula ngokubanziokanye iinkumbulo zakho Ndiyavuma ukuba ndikhe ndaphila. UPablo Neruda wayeza kufela eSantiago, ngentlungu yokubona ukunyuka kukaPinochet kumandla ngokusebenzisa ukukhwabanisa kunye nokubulawa kukaSalvador Allende.
Kumbongo othi ngesenzo samandla asisiseko unika ubomi kwikamva kunye namaphupha elizwekazi.
- incwadi ecetyiswayo: Imibongo engamashumi amabini yothando kunye nengoma enomdla yincwadi eqokelela umsebenzi wombongo wombhali olandelayo. Wayibhala ebutsheni bakhe, kodwa isisandulela sento eya kuphelela ekubeni ngumsebenzi kaNeruda. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu ngumzekelo kwaye yenye yezona ngqokelela zakhe zaziwayo zemibongo. Ngumsebenzi onomdla kunye nonomdla kunye neesampulu ze-postmodernist kunye ne-avant-garde.
UGabriel Garcia Marquez (eKholombiya) – ngo-1982
Umbalisi ophakamileyo, uGabriel García Márquez (1927-2014) ubonelela ngophawu lobunyani be-Hispanic-American bomlingo.. Umsebenzi wakhe unomlinganiswa ocacileyo kwaye ujongene nemixholo yobulolo nobundlobongela ngokukodwa. Ukwengeza kwi Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa, yima geqe Inkunkuma, I-colonel ayinabani wokumbhalela o Ingxelo yokufa eyaxelwa kwangaphambili.
Wazalelwa kumasipala waseAracataca, wayesaziwa ngegama lesidlaliso sikaGabo, uGabito ngenxa yesangqa sakhe esisondeleyo. Impembelelo yootatomkhulu nomama wakhe kunye nabantu bakhe baya kubeka umsebenzi wakhe kunye nokucinga kwakhe kokuyila.; kukho iAracataca eninzi eMacondo de Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa. Wanikela ubomi bakhe kwilizwi ngobuntatheli kunye nokubhala.
Kwelinye icala, ukuma kwakhe kwezopolitiko kwicala lasekhohlo kwakwaziwa kakhulu kwaye waba ngumhlobo kaFidel Castro. ECuba waseka iSan Antonio de los Baños Film School edumileyo; enyanisweni, wathatha inxaxheba ekubhaleni umbhalo Umqhagi wegolide, kunye noCarlos Fuentes. Kwakhona watyhutyha amazwe aliqela aseYurophu nawaseMelika de waya kuzinza eMexico, apho wafela khona.
Kwiinoveli zakhe kunye namabali amafutshane, apho i-fantastic kunye neyokwenene idityaniswe kwihlabathi elicebileyo eliqulunqwe yingcamango, ebonisa ubomi kunye neengxabano zelizwekazi.
- incwadi ecetyiswayo: Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa bathi yingxelo egqibeleleyo; Inomqondo ojikelezayo wobomi odibanisa imiyalelo yangaphambili ye-Hispanic kunye ne-Latin American miscegenation. Kusapho lakwaBuendía sibona ukuzalwa kwehlabathi kunye nokunyamalala kwalo, indlela abantu benziwa ngayo ngokutsha kunye nendlela ubukho babo bonke abantu bumelwe kwaba balinganiswa. I-classic ebalulekileyo.
Akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo
Octavio Paz (Mexico) – 1990
U-Octavio Paz (1914-1998) waziwa kakhulu ngemibongo yakhe kunye nokubhalwa kwesincoko.. Wayenobizo olucacileyo loncwadi kwaye wayesebenza ngokukhutheleyo kumaphephancwadi, epapasha imibongo yakhe yokuqala eneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe. Iriphabliki yaseSpeyin neenkcuba-buchopho zayo zaphawula umsebenzi wakhe, ingakumbi ngenxa yohambo awaluthabathayo ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpeyin. Apho wadibana, phakathi kwabanye, uPablo Neruda waseChile.
Usebenza njengonozakuzaku kwaye eYurophu uya kuphenjelelwa ziimbongi zeSurrealism. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe uhluke kakhulu. I-idiosyncrasy yaseMexico igqamile kunye nokuchazwa kwangaphambili kokuchaza iimpawu zabo, amasiko, izithethe kunye nendlela yokuphila., efanelekileyo kulo mba ILabyrinth yeZodwa. Ngo-1981 naye wafumana i Umvuzo weCervantes. Phakathi kweyona misebenzi yakhe ibalaseleyo yile ILabyrinth yeSolitude, Ukhozi okanye ilanga? y Isaphetha nehadi.
Ukubhala ngomdla kunye ne-horizons ebanzi, ephawulwa ngobukrelekrele boluvo kunye nokuthembeka kobuntu.
- incwadi ecetyiswayo: ILabyrinth yeSolitude, apho umbhali echaza uluntu lwaseMexico, imvelaphi yalo njengabantu bangaphambi kweSpanishi, impembelelo yaseSpain, kunye nophawu kunye neziphumo kwiMexico yanamhlanje.
Mario Vargas Llosa (Peru) – 2010
Wazalwa ngo-1936, uMario Vargas Llosa uthathwa njengosindileyo wokugqibela boom ELatin America. Ikwanayo ne Umvuzo weCervantes kunye nePINkosana yase-Asturias, kwaye uthatha ileta L kwiRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) ukususela ngo-1996. Uye wakrola umsebenzi obalulekileyo wobuntatheli, ngexesha elifanayo ukuba uzimise njengombhali. Uvelise amabali amafutshane, iinoveli, izincoko nemidlalo. Imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo yile Isixeko kunye neenja, Incoko kwi-cathedral y Itheko lebhokhwe.
Ubuntwana bakhe bachitha phakathi kweBolivia nePeru. Ngoxa wayesekwishumi elivisayo, wabhala umdlalo owawusenziwa eLima. Wafunda iiLetter and Law waza waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe wobuntatheli. Ngo-1958 wafika eMadrid efumene i-scholarship waza waba nguGqirha weFilosofi kunye neeLeta.. Uzakuhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseYurophu, aquka iSpain, kwaye eLondon uza kufundisa njengonjingalwazi woncwadi. Uye wasebenzisana nomsebenzi wokuguqulela noJulio Cortázar weUNESCO. Ngo-1993 wafumana ubuzwe baseSpain, kodwa wagcina iPeruvia.
Ngokwenza imephu yezakhiwo zamandla kunye nemifanekiso yakhe enqabileyo yokuchasana komntu ngamnye, imvukelo kunye nokoyiswa.
- incwadi ecetyiswayo: Isixeko kunye neenja. Yinoveli yakhe yokuqala, incwadi enobunkunkqele malunga nemfundo yasemkhosini kulutsha kunye nefuthe layo kubudoda. Le noveli idlulela ngaphaya kwengqondo kuba iya kuphawula isiqalo nesiphelo senoveli yala maxesha yaseLatin America.
