Iintsomi zamaGrike ziye zaba ngumthombo ongapheliyo wokuphefumlelwa kwababhali, ababhali bezincoko, abakroli bemifanekiso, abapeyinti, abayili bezakhiwo, njl. Ubuninzi bemisebenzi yobugcisa obunomxholo wentsomi buzalise iimyuziyam kwihlabathi jikelele.. Kwaye kumawaka eminyaka kamva, iintsomi ziyaqhubeka zitsala ingqalelo yezizukulwana ezininzi.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu ezininzi iintsomi zayo ziyaziwa. Iintsomi zamaGrike zinamabali azo zonke iintlobo: uthando, ukungcatshwa, ugonyamelo, ukuhlangula, isohlwayo, okanye ukufa.. Mhlawumbi umxholo wayo owahlukahlukeneyo (kunye nezifundo ezivelayo) uyasikhuthaza ukuba sazane noninzi lwezi ntsomi, ekubeni zingamabali abangela umdla. Kwaye wena, ngaba uyazi ezinye zezona zidumileyo?
intsomi yamaGrike
Iintsomi zamaGrike zenziwe ngawo onke amabali, iintsomi kunye namabali anxulumene neGrisi yaMandulo.iinkolelo zabo nenkcubeko yabo. Phakathi kwentsomi kunye nenyaniso kukho inyathelo elincinci. Kuba la mabali kunye namabali amnandi kwaye abaleka ukuqonda okubambekayo. Nangona kunjalo, zoba ipanorama yenkcubeko nezobugcisa kunye nokuqonda okungaqhelekanga kwelizwe lempucuko, neyaziwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yelizwe laseNtshona.
Ezi ntsomi zizele yintelekelelo, iintshukumo ezimangalisayo, kunye nezinto ezintle ezingaphaya kobuntu. Bakhokelwa ngoothixo, izithixo kunye nezidalwa ezimangalisayo ezibonisa amaxabiso kunye neemeko ezingakhuthazi nje ukucinga kwabo bazaziyo, kodwa zikwabonisa ezinye iinyani ezisebenza njengokufunda nolwazi ukuba siyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nelizwe lamava.
Ezi ntsomi zazisasazwa ngomlomo, nangona ezi ziqulathwe kakuhle kwiincwadi ezingafiyo ezityebisa ubugcisa nenkcubeko yenkcubeko yethu. Zininzi iintsomi zamaGrike, kwaye ezinye zikwabelwana ngazo ngeentsomi zamaRoma.. Ngezantsi sikhankanya ezona ntsomi zidumileyo zamaGrike.
eyona ntsomi idumileyo yamaGrike
UApollo noDaphne
UApollo, uthixo we-Olimpiki, wabethwa lutolo oluvela kuCupid olwamenza waphambana ngokuthanda intwazana enguDaphne. Wamsukela ngokungahambi kakuhle ehlathini kuba yena, ngokuchaseneyo, wayefumene utolo olwalunempembelelo eyahlukileyo kuye kwaye ubukho buka-Apollo babungenakunyamezeleka kuye. Umlingiswa we-nymph nawo wayengenakoyiswa kwaye akazange azimisele ukutshata. Kunjalo ngoba, xa wayezibona esondele kakhulu kwiingalo zika-Apollo, wacela abazali bakhe, uthixokazi uLadon nothixokazi uGaia, ukuba bamguqule abe ngumthi.. Ngale ndlela, uDaphne waqulunqa ngamandla umnqweno wokuyeka ukuphila njenge nymph, ekwazi ukubaleka uApollo nokuba yinxalenye yendawo yokuhlala yendalo awayeyithanda. Utshintsho lwakhe lwaluquka umthi we<em>laurel ofuzisela amagqabi athwesa abaphumeleleyo kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki..
Ukuxhwilwa kweYurophu
UEuropa wayeyinkosazana yaseFenike eyayikwichibi lamanzi nezinye iintombi ezonwabele loo mini. Ngelixa yonke into yayihamba kakuhle, I-Europa yabonwa nguZeus owaziva enomdla kakhulu kwintombazana. Wagqiba ekubeni aguquke abe yinkunzi yenkomo, onesidudla, onezihlunu noboya obumhlophe kwaye ebonakala ethobekile waza wazibeka ecaleni kwebhinqa eliselula. Ekuqaleni, yayisoyika ubukhulu besi silwanyana, kodwa ngoko nangoko yaqalisa ukuyiphulula yaza ekugqibeleni yakhwela emqolo. UZeyus, ngaphandle kokuphoswa lithuba, wabaleka, wamsa kwisiqithi saseKrete. Xa bebonke baya kuzala iSarpedon, iMinos kunye neRadamantis.
ukuwa kwecarus
UDaedalus wayevalelwe kunye nonyana wakhe uIcarus kwisiqithi saseKrete. UKumkani uMinos wayelawula umhlaba kunye nolwandle, ngoko ukubaleka uDaedalus kuye kwenzeka ukuba akhe amaphiko athile awadibanisa ne-wax. Icebo lakhe yayikukubaleka ngenqwelomoya nonyana wakhe. Walumkisa uIcarus ukuba akanakubhabha phezulu kangako kuba wayesengozini yokuba ilanga linyibilikise umthwebeba.. Emva koko babaleka, nangona kunjalo, u-Icarus akazange asihoye isilumkiso sikayise kwaye ilanga lanyibilikisa isakhiwo samaphiko akhe, ngoko waphulukana nobomi bakhe xa ewela elwandle.
Sisyphus
USisyphus wayeyikumkani edelelayo eyayisohlwaywa ngoothixo. Umsebenzi onzima owawubekwe kuye yayikukuba tyhala ilitye elikhulu ecaleni kwentaba. Xa eli litye lafika phezulu, laphinda lawa ethambekeni, ngaphandle kokuba uSisyphus abe nako ukwenza nantoni na ukulithintela. Kwenzeka into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye isohlwayo sikaSisyphus sasiquka ukuthabatha eli litye ukuya phezulu.
I-Prometeo
Intsomi kaPrometheus ikhumbuza iSisyphus: umjikelo ongapheliyo, njengesigwebo esingenakuphepheka kunye nonaphakade. Kule meko, UPrometheus wayenguTitan (uthixo wokuqala) othi kwiinguqulelo ezininzi agqalwe njengomntu ophetheyo nomdali wabantu. ngodongwe. Ngobuqhophololo wamoyisa uZeyus, owathi, enomsindo kakhulu, wazimisela ukufihla umlilo ebantwini. U-Prometheus wayibuyisela kwaye uZeus wajezisa u-Prometheus ngokunyaniseka ngokumenza ikhonkco ukuze ukhozi lukwazi ukumbamba isibindi sakhe. Ukongezelela ekunyamezeleni ukubandezeleka okunjalo, U-Prometheus uhlaziywa rhoqo esibindini ukuze izilwanyana zimqwenge ngonaphakade..
Imisebenzi elishumi elinambini yeHercules
UHercules wayenguthixo ongunyana kaZeus, isiqhamo sobudlelwane nomntu ofayo. UHera, umfazi kunye nodade kaZeyus wayefuna ukucima umsindo wakhe ukuphathisa lo nyana webhastadi womyeni wakhe ngemisebenzi elishumi elinambini eyingozi okanye iimvavanyo, ezaziwa ngokuba imisebenzi. Ezi zezi: ukubulala ingonyama yaseNemean, ukubulawa kweLernaean hydra (isilwanyana samanzi), ukubamba ixhamakazi laseCerinean, ukugxotha iintaka zeStymphalian, ukuqeqesha inkunzi yaseKrete, ukuhlamba izitali zeAugean, ukuba iimazi zeemazi zeDiomedes, ukuba ibhanti likaHippolyta, ukuba iinkomo zikaGeryon. , ukuba ama-apile egolide kumyezo we-Hesperides kunye nokuthunjwa iCerberus (inja yaseHadesi).
Arachne kunye Athena
Le ntsomi ineziko layo le-metamorphosis entsha (njengeyaseYurophu okanye eyaseDaphne kunye neApollo). Isixelela ngobugorha uArachne, umluki obalaseleyo, xa wayezithelekisa noAthena., uthixokazi wobulumko nomsebenzi wezandla, phakathi kwabanye. UAthena wayefuna ukudibana nebhinqa eliselula, elathi, ngaphandle kokuthozama, lamcel’ umngeni lo thixokazi ngokwakhe. Aba babini benza ii-tapestries ezintle kwaye uAthena wavuma ukuba kunjalo, nangona wayeziva ekhubekile ngenxa yokuba iArachne yayibonise oothixo njengamaxhoba okuwohloka kwabantu. Lo nto, U-Athena wamguqula waba yisigcawu, emgweba ukuba ajikeleze ngonaphakade..
Ukuzalwa kuka-Aphrodite
UAphrodite nguthixokazi wothando. Enye yeentsomi ezinkulu isixelela ngokuzalwa kwakhe okwakuza kwenzeka ngokudibana kwamasende ka-Uranus (atyunyulwe ngunyana wakhe uCrono) elwandle. Ngaloo ndlela uAphrodite wazalwa emzimbeni womfazi onikwe ubuhle obaziwayo.. Ngokwenxalenye yabo, iZephyrs yayiphethe ukuvuthela igobolondo apho i-Aphrodite yayide ifike emhlabeni. Inyaniso kukuba u-Aphrodite wazalwa njengomntu omdala, yingakho iifom zabasetyhini ziboniswa, ukususela ekuqaleni, nokuba nguthixo wokuziphatha kunye nobuhle.
Chrono kunye nokuzalwa koothixo beOlimpiki
UCrono (i-titan egqalwa njengomnye woothixo bantlandlolo) wayengunyana ka-Urano (uthixo weZulu), awambulalayo waza wamsika. Wakwenza oko ngenxa yokuba uyise wayenguzwilakhe, kodwa naye waba nguye. UCrono wazala abantwana abaninzi kunye nodadewabo uRhea: uHera, iHadesi, uHestia, uDemeter noPoseidon. Nangona kunjalo, Ekubeni wayeqinisekile ukuba baza kumshenxisa etroneni kanye njengokuba wenzayo kuyise, wagqiba kwelokuba abaqwenge. njengoko bezalwa.
Unyana wabo olandelayo, uZeus, wasindiswa ngunina, uRhea, owamfihla kangangeminyaka. Kunoko, uCrono wadla ilitye, ekholelwa ukuba wayedla unyana wakhe. ixesha elidlulileyo, UZeus wabangela ukuba uCronus agabhe ukuze abuyisele abanye abazalwana bakhe wabuphelisa ubugwenxa bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zoku. Umzobo kaGoya umele uSaturn (uCronus kwintsomi yamaRoma) eginya omnye wabantwana bakhe.
isigwebo seParis
Yintsomi eyenza imvelaphi yasentsomini yeMfazwe yeTrojan. Konke kwaqala ngomtshato kaPeleus (uyise ka-Achilles) kunye nothixokazi uThetis. Uthixokazi u-Eris akazange amenywe kulo msitho, ngoko ke wabonakala ecaphuka kakhulu kulo msitho nge-apula efundeka ngolu hlobo: "eyona nto intle". Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-apile yokungavisisani, kuba oothixokazi uHera, uAthena kunye noAphrodite babekho, besilwa ngesiqhamo.. Ukusombulula ingxabano, bagqiba kwelokuba iya kuba yiParis, inkosana yaseTroy, eya kukhetha eyona intle ukuba imnike iapile.
Bonke bazama ukuthenga inkoliseko yakhe ngokunxulumene nezipho ababenazo: UHera wamnika ubuncwane, ubugcisa buka-Athena ngolwazi nemfazwe, yaye uAphrodite wamthembisa umfazi awayemthanda. UParis wakhetha ukunikezelwa kwesithixokazi uAphrodite waza wathabatha uHelen eTroy, owathi kwisithethe sasentsomini wathathwa njengentombi kaZeyus kwaye wayenabathandi nabakhohlisi abaninzi ngenxa yobuhle bakhe. Noko ke, wayetshate noMenelaus, ukumkani waseSparta, owathi akufumanisa ukuba uParis wayemthabathile eTroy, wavutha ngumsindo waza wamatsha esixekweni esiya kuqalisa imfazwe.