Ukujongwa kwakhona kweevesi zikaSathana, nguSalman Rushdie: Masithethe. . .

Ixesha elininzi bendinomdla wokuqalisa le ncwadi, ithathwa njengenye yayo eyona iphikisayo kwimbali kunye nomsebenzi wobugcisa (kunye naBantwana basezinzulwini zobusuku) ngumbhali wase-Bhritane onemvelaphi yamaHindu uSalman Rushdie.

Inqaku lelokuba, yakuba igqityiwe, le ncwadi inamanqaku ambalwa ekunokuhlomla kuwo, kungekuphela ngenxa yokutolikwa kwayo okuninzi okanye ukuhlalutya ukulahleka kwesazisi kwilizwe eliya lisanda ngokwanda, kodwa nangenxa yenxalenye yeendawo ukusuka kwisivakalisi sencwadi uRushdie ukufihla emva kokubeka ixabiso entloko nguRuhollah Khomeini, UAyatollah waseIran ngowe-1988; isigwebo esiqhubeka nokusebenza.

Masingene kolu hlaziyo lwe Iindinyana zikaSathana zikaSalman Rushdie.

Ubunyani bomlingo yenziwe eIndiya

Iindinyana zikaSathana zinabalinganiswa abaphambili oonobumba ababini abangamaHindu: UGibreel Farishta, oyena mdlali ubalaseleyo kwi-Bollywood, kunye no-Saladin Chamcha, owaziwa njengeNdoda yamaLizwi aMawaka ngokukwazi kwakhe ukuxuba kunye nokuthanda inkcubeko yase-Bhritane ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into. Bobabini abalinganiswa badibana kwiBostan flight 706, eqhuma ngaphaya kweChannel yesiNgesi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngabanqolobi.

Ngexesha lokuwa, uGibreel uqala ukuba neengxaki zokumdibanisa ngexesha kunye nendawo kunye nezinye izicwangciso kunye nabalinganiswa, ngokukodwa, isixeko samandulo saseMecca (apha esibizwa ngokuba yiJahilia), indawo esemantla eIndiya eqala uhambo olukhokelwa likholwa eligama linguAyesha. , okanye ekuthinjweni kwenkokeli yama-Arab eLondon.

Emva kokuwa kunxweme olunomkhenkce wase-United Kingdom, bobabini abalinganiswa bahlukene, baziphosa eLondon apho u-Chamcha, owesibini ekungavisisani, efihla kwi-cafe yase-India xa iimpondo ziqala ukuhluma entlokweni yakhe. USathana.

Bobabini abalinganiswa badibana, bayalahleka kwaye bajongane eLondon edidekileyo kunye nomxube oxubeneyo, apho iGibreel kunye neSaladin badlala indima ye-duel endala emhlabeni: eyengelosi kunye nomtyholi ngokwakhe.

Incwadi yokugqibela ye-post-colonialism

Andizange ndihleke ngencwadi enjengale, ngakumbi ngenxa yethoni ehlekisayo esetyenziswa nguRushdie kuwo wonke umsebenzi. Kwaye iivesi zikaSathana asiyoncwadi nje ethetha ngenkolo, kodwa nangokubambisana kwehlabathi, ukulahleka kwesazisi, uthando, ulwabiwo lwenkcubeko kunye nokholo olungazinzanga kula maxesha xa uninzi lweendawo ezazisakuba ngamathanga aseNtshona (jonga i-India) zisaqhubeka nokuzikhangela.

Incwadi yona ichaza umbono ophuphumayo, kungekuphela nje kwizikweko kunye nesimbo, kodwa nakumabali afana nalawo kaRosa Diamond, iAnglo-Argentine eyamkela abalinganiswa abaphambili xa bewa kwinqwelomoya, okanye olo hambo lukhokelwa nguAyesha , intombazana egqunywe ngamabhabhathane azimisele ukuvula amanzi oLwandle lwaseArabhiya ngendlela kaMoses wangoku.

Isiphene ekuphela kwaso, ngokoluvo lwam, siya kuba imfuno engapheliyo yokwazisa abalinganiswa bokuchaza kodwa azinanxaxheba kangako kwisiqwenga sebali, esinciphisa ubumanzi bento yonke kwaye senza ukuba ukufunda kube nzima kwezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, yinkcukacha encinci xa kuthelekiswa nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezintle zencwadi ekufuneka umfundi ngamnye ayiqwalasele ngaxa lithile, nokuba bayayithanda na inkolo yobuSilamsi, ubumbano lwehlabathi okanye nayiphi na intshukumo yexesha lethu.

I-Iran ayithandi

Eyona nto iphikisayo kwiindinyana zikaSathana zilele kwimibono yomlinganiswa waseGibreel, ongu-Archangel uGabriyeli kwaye ekho kuloo nguqulelo yeQur'an ecinga umbono wakhe weJahilia (okanye iMecca), ekucetyiswa ukuba ukuzalwa kweQur'an kunye nokunyuka kwamandla omprofeti uMuhammad Kwakungenxa yomcimbi olula wokuthengisa ngempembelelo. Ngale ndlela, uMuhammad wayeya kuguqula iJahilia ibe yindawo yokudlala apho kwakungekho kutya ihagu kwaye abafazi bevalelwe ekhaya ngenxalenye yosuku.

Umbono wesibini, ka-Imam ofihliweyo eLondon, ubhekisa ngqo kumfanekiso we-Ayatollah URuhollah Mousavi Khomeini, inkokeli yaseIran kunye nomsunguli we-Islamic Union yase-Iran Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-70.

Kwaye kwaba nguye, emva kokupapashwa kwencwadi ngo-1988, wakhupha i-a fatwa (okanye umthetho ngokomthetho wase-Iranian urhulumente) apho intloko kaRushdie kunye neyabo bonke abachaphazelekayo kule ncwadi baceliwe. Ngale ndlela, umbhali kwakufuneka azifihle iminyaka eliqela, nangona abantu abasondeleyo njengoHitoshi Igarashi, umguquleli wale ncwadi waseJapan, wabulawa ngo-1991.

Eyona nto imbi kakhulu, nokuba uRushdie uye wanikezela ngentlawulelo, i-fatwa iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuhambelana nabasemagunyeni eIran. Inyaniso, Ixabiso lentloko yakhe lenyuke laya kwi-3.3 yezigidi zeedola Ngo-2016.

Xa uGabo enuka ikheri

Ngaphandle kokuzalwa eBombay ngo-1947, uRushdie, eKashmiri abazali beenkolelo zamaSilamsi, wathunyelwa eLondon eneminyaka eyi-14. Emva kokubhala ibali elincinci lempumelelo, Abantwana bobusuku, eyapapashwa ngo-1980, yayiza kuba yinto engalindelekanga kunye nokutshintsha koncwadi lwamaHindu nabaseBritane. Ophumelele amabhaso e BookerItyala lakhe liya kulandelwa yenye imisebenzi efana neevesi zikaSathana okanye uShalalimar the Clown.

Kwincwadi yakhe yezifundo ndibandakanya ezinye zeencwadi zamabali anjenge-Oriente, i-Occidente, eyokuqala endiyifunde ngalo mbhali.

URushdie wonyulwe ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye njenge-ambassador ye ubugqi bokwenyani kwe-india, ukugweba ngokudityaniswa kwemihla ngemihla kunye nokumangalisa, kwimeko yakhe kunye neentsomi kunye neentsomi zelizwekazi laseAsia. Umbhali oye wabachaphazela ngokucacileyo abanye ababhali bexesha lakhe njengoArundhati Roy kunye nencwadi yakhe ethi The God of Small Things, eyaba yeyona ndlalifa yomeleleyo kwimpembelelo yalo mbhali.

Iindinyana zikaSathana zikaSalman Rushdie Yincwadi eya kubhenela kwabo banomdla ngakumbi kuluntu nakwilizwe esiphila kulo namhlanje (izinto azitshintshanga kangako ukusukela ngo-1988), ngelixa ukufunda kukuhamba nje kwezi ndawo zingaqhelekanga kunye nombono ongaphezulu kwesinye wokuphikisana Iindinyana zembali esizinikeleyo kuye sonke kwiminyaka yamuva.

Ngaba uzifundile iivesi zikaSathana? Ucinga ntoni?