Iincwadi ze-Adventure zikhaphe izizukulwana ezininzi zabafundi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Ngoku mhlawumbi Baqelelene kancinane kuba olu hlobo lubalisayo lubekwe ngaphezulu kwabanye, njengeencwadi ezimnandi, zabacuphi, okanye imfihlakalo okanye ukoyikisa.. Nokuba iinoveli zemfazwe okanye iinoveli ze-cowboy zinokuqulatha imiba yeenoveli ze-adventure. Nangona ezi zineempawu ezithile ezibamisela "njengohlobo lwe-adventure".
Inyaniso kukuba olu hlobo lwencwadi lunokugubungela i-typology ebanzi kakhulu kwaye zineempawu ekwabelwana ngazo kunye nezinye izijelo, nangona kunjalo mazingabhidaniswa. Ke, sazi ngcono ngakumbi malunga neencwadi ze-adventure, kunye neenoveli ezidumileyo kuhlobo.
Uhlobo lwe-adventure
Iincwadi ze-Adventure ziluhlobo kubo, nangona kukho imixholo ababelana ngayo nezinye iindidi. Nangona kunjalo, olona phawu luqwalaselwa kakhulu lohlobo lwe-adventure kukubaluleka kwesenzo kwiploti. Isenzo silawula zonke iinkalo zenkcazo kunye nokufaneleka ngokuqhelekileyo kunikwa indawo, engaqhelekanga okanye engaqondakaliyo.. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho amacandelo embali kunye nokukhangela izinto zakudala okanye uhambo olugqithisileyo, phakathi kwabo, apho kunokwenzeka ukuba udibane nezilo okanye izidalwa ezinkulu kunye nezoyikisayo.
Nangona kunjalo, abalinganiswa okanye iimpawu zabo zengqondo zihlala zihlala ngasemva. Umngcipheko kunye nesenzo siya kuthatha uninzi lweploti kwaye iimeko ziyahluka.. Phantse akukho ndawo yokuphumla okanye yokucamngca, nokuba ngabalinganiswa, okanye kumfundi; nangona kuyinyaniso ukuba ngamanye amaxesha abalinganiswa bafikelela kwinqanaba elinzulu ngenxa yokuba baseluphendlo olungeyonto nje kuphela, kodwa kunye neemvakalelo.
Imvelaphi yolu hlobo inokufumaneka kwimibongo ye-epic kunye naloo maqhawe kunye nohambo lwasentsomini lwe-Antiquity.. Nangona kunjalo, la mabali aguquke kakhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Okokuqala, kwakukho ukuqhuma kwekhulu le-XNUMX, apho sifumana zonke iiklasi zodidi, kwaye ngaphambi koko, ngokuzalwa kohlobo lwanamhlanje, ngekhulu le-XNUMX sinokufumana abanye ababhali. Namhlanje iinoveli ze-adventure azinalo utsalo olufanayo namashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, ukusukela oko amabali eencwadi adlulwe ngamandla okutsala umdla we-cinema kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha kwifomathi ye-audiovisual., ilungele ukuphuhliswa kwezi ziganeko zimangalisayo.
Umbhali
- UDaniel Defoe (c.1660-1731).
- UJonathan Swift (1667-1745).
- U-Alexandre Dumas uyise (1802-1870).
- UHermann Melville (1819-1891).
- UJules Verne (1828-1905).
- UMark Twain (1835-1910).
- URobert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894).
- H Rider Haggard (1856-1925).
- JRR Tolkien (1892-1973).
Eyona ncwadi idumileyo adventure
URobinson Crusoe (1719)
Le noveli ibalaseleyo ye-adventure eye yayinto yakudala ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ibalisa ibali lenkwenkwana eyathi, ngenxa yokungathobeli uyise kunye nomnqweno wayo wokuzonwabisa, yaqalisa uhambo ngolwandle. Ukuhamba ngesikhephe kuba ngumnqweno wakhe kunye nendlela yobomi; nangona kunjalo, abatsha Robinson crusoe waphukelwa yinqanawa kwaye iba nguye yedwa osindileyo. ngethamsanqa Ufika kwisiqithi esingenamntu kwaye uya kuchitha iminyaka kule ndawo efunda ukuphila kwindawo yasendle eyedwa ngokupheleleyo..
Iihambo zikaGulliver (1726)
I-satire yeencwadi zokuhamba, nangona kunjalo, ibali eliqulethe i-adventure kunye nefantasy ngexesha elifanayo; nangona umbhali ekwanenjongo ebonakalisayo nefundisayo malunga nemeko yomntu. Umsebenzi wenziwa ziihambo ezine ezinamagama angenakuchazwa kwaye afuna ukwazi anjenge "Voyage to Lilliput" (eyaziwa kakhulu), "Voyage to Brobdingnag", "Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg and Japan" kunye "Voyage". kwilizwe leeHouyhnhnms. Ukufika kukaCaptain Gulliver Ziye zafundwa ngabantwana kunye nabantu abadala ngenxa yokuthabatheka okubangqongileyo, kodwa kwakhona Baye baba yinqwelo yeengcamango zombhali kunye nokungathembi uhlanga loluntu olwavusa kuye ngenxa yobungendawo kunye nokusilela..
Ukubalwa kweMonte Cristo (1846)
Eli libali le-adventure elijikelezwe kakuhle apho ukungcatsha kunye nokuziphindezela kube yimixholo ephambili. Kwi Ubalo lweMonte Cristo umfundi ufumana yonke into ukuba ahlale ethabathekile libali elibi lomlinganiswa walo ophambili, Edmond Dantes. Wayengumfana othe tye kwaye osebenza nzima owayenqwenela ukutshata noMercedes wakhe amthandayo. Kodwa uwela ngenxa yokungcatsha umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni kwaye ugwetyelwa ukuvalelwa entolongweni ngokungafanelekanga. Kwiminyaka ekuthinjweni uya kuba nexesha lokubala impindezelo egqibeleleyo. Le noveli iba yindawo yentelekelelo apho ububi bunganikeli kuphumla kwaye kungekho ndawo yokunyaniseka..
IMoby Dick (ngo-1851)
Isiphelo sisigqibo, kwaye KuKapteni uAhabhi, ekuthandeni kwakhe, kukho indawo yenjongo enye kuphela, ukufumana, ukuzingela nokubulala umnenga omhlophe., isilwanyana esikhulu esajika saba lirhamncwa kweli bali lamachokoza olwandle. Libali elitshintshwa libe sisiqobo saselwandle esibonakalisayo apho uhambo olude lufikelela kuvuthondaba ngesiphelo esicacileyo nesilindelekileyo. Moby Dick Yinoveli yenyani yexesha lethu.
Amashumi amabini amawaka eeLegi phantsi kolwandle (1870)
Ngomnye wemisebenzi emikhulu yohlobo olunomlinganiswa wasentsomini, uKapteni uNemo onenkathazo. Izikhephe ezininzi ziyanyamalala, ngoko ke iqela leengcaphephe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo lizama ukubamba oko licinga ukuba sisilo. ukusuka kubunzulu obungaziwayo bolwandle. Ngaphaya kwe-squids ezinkulu kunye nezinye izidalwa, uNjingalwazi uPierre Aronnax, umncedisi wakhe u-Conseil kunye ne-harpooner Ned Land, into abayifumanayo nguKapteni Nemo kunye nenqanawa yakhe emangalisayo. INautilus. Emva koko ingozi kunye nohambo luya kuthatha elinye ithuba.
Ehlabathini lonke kwiintsuku ezingamashumi asibhozo (1873)
Le classic jikelele Ingxelo yesenzo esaphunyezwa nguPhileas Fogg, ekunye noJean Passepartout, umkhonzi wakhe othembekileyo. UMnu. Fogg linene elisisityebi elililungu leQela loHlaziyo. Uyindoda ebambe ixesha ngokugqithisileyo eqhele ukwenza zonke izenzo zayo ngokuchaneka kwesiNgesi. Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ithuba lokujikeleza ihlabathi ngexesha eliqinileyo, uthatha isigqibo sokubheja ngemali yakhe ukuba uya kukwazi ukujikeleza ihlabathi kwiintsuku ezingama-80. Kungenxa yoko Le noveli, kwangaxeshanye, yincwadi ye-adventure, umboniso wendlela abantu abasoloko befuna ngayo ukulawula ixesha. kunye nendlela efikelele ngayo ngenxa yenkqubela phambili entsha kwisayensi kunye nethekhnoloji.
IiAdventures zikaTom Sawyer (1876)
Beka kwidolophu ecaleni koMlambo iMississippi ngexesha leMfazwe yaseMelika yaseMelika. Le noveli yobuntwana kunye neyokufikisa ixela ubomi benkwenkwe egama linguTom Sawyer ngokwembono yobutsha kwaye kude nokuqonda kwabantu abadala. UTom uthandana okokuqala kwaye wenza izicwangciso kunye nabahlobo bakhe ngaphakathi kokungafihlisi kunye nobuhandiba obuqhelekileyo bomntu ongekamoshwa ngamashwa kunye nobubi bobomi babantu abadala.
Isiqithi saseTreasure (1882)
Enye yeenoveli zohambo olugqwesileyo, Isiqithi sobuncwane iqulethe zonke izinto ezifunwa yile klasi yeencwadi: iingozi, abaphangi, abangendawo, ama-adventures, inqanawa kunye nobutyebi obumangalisayo.. UJim Hawkins uguqula ubomi bakhe bubheke ezantsi xa umatiloshe efika kwindawo yokuhlala yosapho lwakhe kwaye uJim ufumana imephu yesiqithi esifihla iimfihlo kunye namathuba angaqondakaliyo. Uhambo lwaselwandle luqala kwinqanawe ezele ngabaphuli-mthetho phantsi komyalelo kaJohn Silver, ipirate elisisiqhwala, elisingise kubutyebi obawayo.
Imigodi kaKumkani uSolomon (1885)
Umzekelo omhle wokuziphatha okugqithisileyo okuboniswa ngumntu omhlophe ukufumana igolide kunye namatye anqabileyo ajikeleze umntu omnyama kwindawo yabo yendalo. Lo, ekubhidekeni kwakhe, akawuqondi ncam lo mdla wendeleyo wendoda yaseYurophu. Kwelinye icala, i-protagonist yenoveli i-atypical, ngenxa yokuba akanayo isibindi okanye encinci; kwaye mininzi imiqobo ukufikelela kwimigodi ethembisayo leyo, ngaphezu koko, ibekwe kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, elikuvumela ukuba ufumane kwaye uhlolisise le ndawo kunye nabemi bayo.
INkosi yeRings (1954)
Lumdlalo omangalisayo we-epic oye waqokelelwa kwincwadi enye njengokuqhubekeka Hobbit; nangona kunjalo, INkosi yamakhonkco iqondwa njengembali ezimeleyo, nangona inxulunyaniswe nembali eqhelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokwandiswa kwayo, Kwagqitywa ukuba yohlulwe ibe yimiqulu emithathu: Ukudibana kweRingi, IiTowers ezimbini y Ukubuya kukaKumkani. Le noveli inokugqithisela okukhethekileyo ngenxa yayo yonke inkathalo kunye nobungqongqo obuthembekileyo ngaphakathi kwento emnandi yokuba umbhali wayo uTolkien abe negalelo kwimbono yephilological.
Ibali liqala ngoFrodo omsulwa, i-hobbit encinci ehlala eShire, idolophu ye-bucolic apho wonke umntu ehlala ngolonwabo kwaye ekude nazo zonke izoyikiso.. Ikamva, nangona kunjalo, linomsebenzi obalulekileyo kuye apho bonke abemi baseMbindi-Earth baya kuxhomekeka, kungakhathaliseki imeko yabo okanye uhlanga. Ngoncedo lwabahlobo bakhe kunye namahlakani akhe, kufuneka afike kwiNtaba yeDoom kwaye atshabalalise iRingi enye ngaphambi kokuba ibatshabalalise bonke. Kodwa indlela ayizukuba lula, uhambo luyingozi, luzele ziintshaba, ubutshaba kunye nokungaqiniseki. Kwaye akukho mntu uqinisekisa uFrodo ukuba angabuyela ekhaya.
