Ukufika kukaTintin

Ukufika kukaTintin yinto ehlekisayo eyenziwe ngumdwebi wekhathuni waseBelgium uGeorges Remi (Hergé). Lo msebenzi uthathelwa ingqalelo ngabahlalutyi boncwadi njengenye yezona zinto zihlekisayo zihamba phambili kwinkulungwane yama-10 eYurophu. NgoJanuwari 1929, 24, eyokuqala kwezingama-46 ezongezwayo ezapapashwa kule minyaka ingama-50 izayo zavela zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwama-XNUMX. Iimpawu zayo zonxibelelwano, ukulingana kunye nobuhlobo zinokusebenza ngokusisigxina.

Nangona kunjalo, iialbham zikaTintin- kunye noHergé - azizange ziphikisane. Batyholwa ngephiko lasekunene kunye nembono ye-xenophobic, Ngokuchazwa kwamazwe, abantu kunye nezixeko, ngokusekwe kwiingcinga ezibaxekileyo. Oku kuboniswe ngumthetho ofakwe kwi-2007 ngummi waseCongo. Ngubani ocele ukuvalwa kwevolumu ITintin okanye iCongo, ngenxa yobuhlanga (Óscar Gual Boronat, 2011).

Malunga nombhali, uGeorges Remi, Hergé

UGeorges Prosper Remi wazalelwa e-Etterbeek, eBelgium, ngoMeyi 22, 1907. Izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphantsi zangqamana nophuhliso lweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala. Ngexesha lokufikisa kwakhe wayeyinxalenye ye Amakhwenkwe aseBelgium; kamva, wajoyina Umanyano lweeNkwenkwana zamaKatolika. Olu tshintsho-kunye noxanduva lokuya kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwiziko lenkolo, Ingcwele Boniface-yabangelwa luxinzelelo lukayise, uAlexis Remi.

Ukupapashwa kokuqala

Iintshukumo ze-scout kunye nobuKatolika babunefuthe eligqibeleleyo kubuntu bakhe nasemsebenzini wakhe. Iicomics zakhe zokuqala zapapashwa ngo-1922, zavela Umfana-Scout, Ityikitywe phantsi kwegama elingu "Hergé" (ukubizwa koonobumba bakhe bokuqala i-RG, ngesiFrentshi). U-Remi uqhubekile nokwenza igalelo elithozamileyo kule magazini ikhankanywe ngasentla yenyanga ngemifanekiso yamanqaku akhe, ngamanye amaxesha, nekhava.

Kwakuloo magazini ke yapapashwa (ukusukela ngoJulayi 1926 ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-1930) I-Totor, i-CP yee-bumblebees, yajonga uthotho lwayo lokuqala lwaseburhulumenteni. Kunyaka ophelileyo, u-Remi naye wajoyina njengegalelo kwiphephandaba lomgaqo-nkqubo wecawe e-ultra-conservative. Le XXème Scièle. Umsebenzi awuphazamisayo phakathi ku-1926 nasekupheleni kuka-1927 ngelixa wayekhonza emkhosini kwiQela lokuQala labazingeli ngeenyawo.

Ukuvela kukaTintin kunye noMilo

NgoJanuwari 10, 1929, uTintin kunye naye I-Fox terrier, Snowy, kwisongezelelo solutsha Le Petit Vingtième de Inzululwazi. Ngokwenyani, imalunga nomlinganiswa wakhe uTotor- ngoonobumba abathile kwigama lakhe eliguqulwe- wajika waba yintatheli wathumela neqabane lakhe le-canine eSoviet Union. Kwakuyiyokuqala yee-albhamu ezingama-24 eziza kwenza iziqulatho ezidumileyo kunye neengxabano IiAdventures zikaTintin. 

Eminye imisebenzi kaHergé eyaziwayo yile IiAdventures zikaJo, Zette noJocko (Ii-albhamu ezi-5) kunye Quique kunye neFlupi (Iialbham ezili-12). Zombini ezi zihloko zaphuhliswa ngokuhambelana noTintin, kodwa zazingasasazwa intatheli yaseBelgium kunye neMilo. NgokukaCoronado-Morón okqhubekayo. Ukusuka kwiDyunivesithi yaseMalaga, "UTintin yimeko yeempawu ezihlekisayo zolutsha ezichaphazele amaxabiso abantu abatsha kunye nolutsha kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo". Ayenzelwanga nto Umsebenzi obalulekileyo ngaphakathi kuhlobo.

IiAlbham Ukufika kukaTintin

Uluhlu lweziqendu zilandelayo lubonisa ukulandelelana kwexesha ngokusekwe kwimbonakalo yokuqala (ezinye izinto zaphazanyiswa ngenxa yezomkhosi kunye / okanye izizathu zobuqu). Kwakhona Imimandla etyelelwe nguTintin ikhankanyiwe kunye nengcaciso ethile yoshicilelo ngalunye. "Ngamaxesha onke, amazwe okwenyani kunye nezixeko apho unxibelelwano kunye nobuhlobo babakhona" (ICoronado-Morón okqhubekayo., 2004).

I-Tintin kwiLizwe lamaSoviet I-1929 - 1930

I-Tintin kunye ne-Snowy bangena entliziyweni ye-USSR, bebonisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ingqumbo yolawulo lwamaKomanisi. Elona xesha liphezulu lomdlalo lalinokubonakaliswa kwalo ngokufika ngololiwe eBrussels ye a umhlola umfana Uneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala. Isiteyitimenti sokubuyela kukaTintin eBelgium senzeka nge-30 kaMeyi ka-1930 kwaye sabonisa impumelelo yomahlaya.

Tintin eCongo I-1930 - 1931

Enye yezona mpapasho ziphikisayo zikaHergé ngombono wakhe wokungoneliseki ngobukoloniyali baseBelgium e-Afrika kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweenkolelo. Uhambo lukaTintin eCongo luzisa isimilo somntu oziqhushumbisayo kunye nesimilo esingaqhelekanga, xa egqiba ukubandakanyeka ekusombululeni ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamanye amazwe. Ngokwahlukileyo, inkcazo ebalulekileyo yokurhweba ngamachiza kunye nokuthengiswa kwezixhobo kuphucula impikiswano eyenziwe nguRemi.

Tintin eMelika (1932)

Ukuphuhliswa kwale comic kubonisa umahluko omkhulu. Kwelinye icala, uTintin uqhaqha wonke umbutho wolwaphulo-mthetho wamazwe aphesheya okhokelwa nguAl Capone waseChicago. Kwelinye icala, ukugxothwa kwamaIndiya abaBomvu okugqibela kwimihlaba yabo yantlandlolo ngenxa yokufunyanwa kweoyile kuchazwa njengokurhoxa. Ngenxa yoko, umhlaba wendalo owawukade uyingca uguqulwa ube sisixeko esoyikekayo sekhonkrithi.

Iicigar zikaFaro I-1933 - 1934

Yenzeka kwizimo ezintathu ezingaqhelekanga ezihanjwe nguTintin noSnowy ngokwabo kwaye hayi kwikomishini yomsebenzi: i-Egypt, i-India kunye ne China. Kweli cwecwe, abalinganiswa bakaHernández noFernández benza amatyala abo kwaye umchasi-mthetho ophikisayo u-Rastapopoulos ubonakala ngokufaneleka okukhulu.

IBlue Lotus (1934)

Kuqwalaselwa ngabalandeli abaninzi beencwadi ezihlekisayo njengomsebenzi wobugcisa. U-Remi uxhomekeke kubambiswano olubalulekileyo lomfundi wase-China u-Zhang Chongren ukuyivelisa. Isiseko sebali lakhe safuna ukuphelisa ubandlululo lwaseNtshona malunga namaTshayina kunye nokugxeka ngokucacileyo ikoloniyalizim yaseJapan e-China.

Indlebe eyaphukileyo I-1935 - 1937

URemi waphefumlelwa yimfazwe yaseChaco eyayifaka iBolivia neParaguay (ebizwa ngokuba yiSan Theodoros naseNuevo Rico, ngokwahlukeneyo) phakathi kowe-1932 - 1935. U-Hergé waqulunqa neqela lama-Amerindiya- iArumbaya- kwaye wongeza omnye umlinganiswa odumileyo kumdlalo ohlekisayo, uGeneral Alcázar. Ngale ndlela, uqhubeke ngokuziphendulela kwempikiswano kunye nokuqina kuphando lwe-anthropological kunye ne-archaeological luboniswe kwii-albhamu ezingaphambili.

Ngokuka-Barragán (2008), “… kwimeko yo Mzantsi Melika, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ngokuhambelana neziganeko zentatheli esencinci ukwenziwa kobudenge ngokuchasene ne-caudillismo yasemkhosini ebenegalelo ekubuneni ukuvela kweedemokhrasi ezinyanisekileyo ezivumele ukoyisa iimeko zembali zentlupheko kunye neengcambu.

Isiqithi esimnyama (1937 - 1938, 1943 no-1965)

Ngenxa yeempazamo zayo zokubeka, kwafuneka ukuba kwenziwe ii-editions ezintathu ukuze kukhutshwe eli cwecwe ngo-1965. Iziganeko zenzeka eScotland, ngezityholo ezingenakuphikiswa ngokuchasene nokwanda kukaHitler kwiintsuku eziphambi kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. Umntu okhohlakeleyo nguGqirha Müller, wemvelaphi yaseJamani, embindini webali egxile kubuntlola.

Intonga ka-Ottokar (Ngo-1938 no-1947)

Kule cwecwe, u-Remi uyaqhubeka nokugxeka ukwandiswa kwamaNazi ngenxa yokungena ngenkani kwe-Austria (1937) kunye neCzechoslovakia (1938) kwi-Third Reich. Umzekeliso ufezekiswa bubukumkani obucingelwayo baseSyldavia, obudityaniswe neBolduria ngenxa yebhongo likazwilakhe uMüsstler (Mussolini-Hitler). Ngokukwanjalo, uSyldavia wayefaneleke kakhulu kwii-albhamu zamva, kunye nokubonakala komlinganiswa ophambili wabasetyhini kwi-saga, uBianca Castafiore.

Kumhlaba wegolide emnyama (1940, 1949 no-1971)

Ukupapashwa kwale albhamu kuphazanyiswe kukuhlasela kweJamani eBelgium. UHergé wakwazi ukuphinda aqhubeke neli bali phantse ishumi leminyaka kamva kwaye wongeza ezinye iinkcukacha kulo kuhlelo lokugqibela luka-1971. Kuhlelo lokuqala, iziganeko zenzeka ePalestine, kodwa isixa sokugqibela senzeka kwilizwe eliyintsomi lama-Arabhu, uKhemed. Kwaziswa abalinganiswa ababini ababalulekileyo: u-Emir Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab kunye nelizibulo lakhe, iNkosana u-Abdallah.

Unonkala kunye neenzipho zegolide (1940)

Kwakuyiyokuqala yee-albhamu ezinempikiswano ezipapashwe nguHergé kwiphephandaba Kuhlwa, elawulwa ngabahlali baseJamani eBelgium ngexesha lemfazwe. Inomxholo wokuqala weCaptain Haddock, oya kuthi abaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke le saga.

Inkwenkwezi engaqondakaliyo (1942)

Kwakungowokuqala kwii-albhamu zakhe ukupapashwa ngombala. Ixela ngokukhangelwa kwe-meteorite ngamaqela amabini aphikisanayo- aseYurophu naseMelika- kuphando lwezenzululwazi. I-villain ephambili ye-albhamu, iBlumenstein, yabangela ukugxeka okukhulu kuHergé ngenxa yemvelaphi yamaJuda yomlinganiswa. Nangona (ukongeza isithuko ekonzakaleni), umchasi wathiywa igama kwathiwa ngu "Bohwinkel", kwagqitywa ukuba yifani eneengcambu zamaSemite.

Imfihlelo ye-unicorn I-1942 - 1943

UTintin, uSnowy noHaddock bahamba ngomkhondo we-enigma eshiywe ngukhokho wenqanawe wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ingqondi uFrancisco de Hadoque. Isisombululo singabakhokelela kubutyebi beRed Rackham. Ngesi sizathu, kufuneka baqokelele iimodeli ezintathu ezifanayo zenqanawa ye-knight, nangona kunjalo, ezinye izaphuli-mthetho eziyingozi kakhulu nezingathembekanga zilandela injongo efanayo. Esi sihloko kamva senziwa imovie nguSteven Spielberg.

URackham oBomvu I-1942 - 1943

U-Remi wazisa kulo msebenzi unjingalwazi ongumfuziselo uSilvestre Tornasol, esekwe kwi-physiognomy kagqirha odumileyo uAuguste Piccard. Umlinganiswa usisazinzulu esiphazamisayo kwaye esingahambelaniyo esinokubonakala ngokubonakalayo kwamanye amabali. Ngokudabukisayo, ubuncwane obufunwa nguTintin kunye nabahlobo bakhe kule albhamu eMoulinsart Castle, ephethwe ngookhokho bakaCaptain Haddock.

Iibhola ezisixhenxe zeekristale (1943 - 1944 kunye no-1946 - 1949)

UTintin ubuyela eMzantsi Melika ukufumanisa ngesiqalekiso sikaRascar Capac, esiwe kwizazi zakudala ezaziphanda ingcwaba le-Inca. Ngexesha lokupapashwa kwale albhamu uHergé watyholwa amatyeli aliqela okusebenzisana namaNazi. Ngaphandle kokubuyela umva okukhulu, ayinakuphikwa ukuba ngumsebenzi obalaseleyo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga amaxwebhu.

Ngokuphathelene noku, u-Barragán (2008) wathi "… ubungqongqo kuphando lwe-anthropology kunye ne-archaeology yeqela elikhokelwa ngu-Hergé luphawu lomdla wabo ekubangeleni ilifa lenkcubeko la mazwe ebe yinto yokuphangwa rhoqo ngabantu. Izilumko zaseYurophu. " Ke ngoko, luphawu olucacileyo lwesimo sengqondo sikaHergé "sokuzigxeka ngokunzulu".

Ithagethi: iNyanga (Ngo-1950 no-1951)

Yayiyimpapasho yokuqala eyenziwe ziiHergé Studies, apho, wayeneqela eligqibeleleyo labasetyenzisanayo elalikhokelwa nguBob de Moor. Libali eliyinyani lenzululwazi eligcina ugqatso lwendawo yexesha elalifuna uphando olubanzi kunye neenkcukacha. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba umbhali waseBelgian kuye kwaphazamiseka umsebenzi wakhe iinyanga ezili-18 phakathi kowe-1950 nowe-1951 ngenxa yokudinwa emzimbeni nasengqondweni.

Ukufika eNyangeni I-1952 - 1953

Ibali liyaqhubeka emva kokwakhiwa kwerokethi enikwe amandla yinyukliya egqitywe liqela likaGqirha Calculus kubukumkani baseSyldavia. Emva koko, uTintin, uSnowy, uHaddock, uTornasol kunye nabazimeleyo, uHernández noFernández baqala uhambo oluya kubanyathela enyangeni. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukufana okuchukumisayo kunye okuninzi okwenzeka phakathi kwebali likaHergé kunye nomsebenzi wangempela ka-Apollo XI kwiminyaka eli-16 kamva.

Umcimbi weCalculus I-1954 - 1955

Libali le-espionage elijolise kwimfazwe ebandayo. U-Remi ubuyisela umbukeli kwisizwe esicinga, e-Borduria, phantsi kwe-ironclad autocracy yomlawuli wobuzwilakhe njengo-Stalin. Inxalenye yesiza sayo senzeka eGeneva, eSwitzerland, kwaye kuvela abalinganiswa abatsha abatsha, abanjengoColonel Sponsz ojijekileyo.

Isitokhwe seCoke (1956 - 1958 kunye no-1967)

UTintin ubuyela eKhemed, ilizwe eliyintsomi lama-Arab. Nangona impikiswano ibekwe ngokucacileyo ngokuchasene nobukhoboka kunye nokuthutyeleziswa kweengalo, u-Remi waphinda wafumana ukugxekwa ngenxa yeembono zabantu baseAfrika. Ngokukodwa, injongo yayikukugxeka ubunzima ababuvayo amaSilamsi aseAfrika ngexesha lokuhambela eMecca. Kuhlelo lowe-1967, izicatshulwa ezithile ziyacinywa kwaye indlela abantu abachazwa ngayo iyatshintshwa.

Tintin kwiTibet I-1958 - 1959

Ngexesha lokupapashwa kwelicwecwe, udumo lukaTintin lwalufikelele ekubalulekeni kwamazwe aphesheya. Ikhathuni iyayigxeka imeko yaseTibet, eyahlaselwa yi-China ngo-1949 kwaye yakhokelela ekuthinjweni kweDalai Lama e-India. Ibali libonisa ukuba uTintin ukulungele ukubeka ubomi bakhe emngciphekweni ukuze asindise umhlobo wakhe uTchang (ukusuka IBlue Lotus).

Iigugu zeCastafiore I-1961 - 1962

Iziganeko zenzeka kwikhaya likaCaptain Haddock, eMoulinsart castle. Yiyo kuphela i-albhamu kwi-saga engahambelani nohambo kwaye isakhiwo sayo asiqulathanga imfihlakalo ekufuneka isonjululwe. Nangona kunjalo, yamkelwa kakuhle ngabalandeli boluhlu. Ngokulinganayo, u-Remi wanconywa ngokubonisa ngokufanelekileyo ii-gypsies.

I-714 eya eSydney I-1966 - 1967

Emehlweni abalandeli abaninzi bakolu ngcelele, imele eyona albhamu ihlwempuzekileyo kaTintin. Nangona kunjalo, ineendaba ezinomdla, ngakumbi ngexesha lokupapashwa. Ixela ngokubonakala kwezinye izinto zangaphandle, kunye nokuphazamiseka okutsha kweRastapopoulos kunye nabalinganiswa abatsha ababini, uLazzlo Carreidas noMik Ezdanitoff.

I-Tintin kunye ne-rogues I-1975 - 1976

Intatheli yaseBelgian kunye noFox Terrier wakhe othembekileyo ubuyela eSan Theodoros, apho adibana khona nabalinganiswa abangalibalekiyo Indlebe eyaphukileyo. Kolu papasho, umfanekiso we-protagonist we-saga uguqulwa ngokwendlela yexesha, ngeebhulukhwe zohlobo lwejeans. Ukongeza, uTintin unxiba isigcina-ntloko esinophawu loxolo kwaye uba yingcali yeyoga.

Tintin kunye neAlfa Art

Ngokwandiswa kwale cwecwe, uHergé wenza amaxwebhu obugcisa obanzi ngexesha lokupeyinta. Tintin kunye neAlfa Art ijolise kuphando malunga nobugcisa beli xesha kunye namabandla enkolo. Okulusizi kukuba, uRemi akazange akwazi ukuwugqiba lo msebenzi ngenxa yokuba impilo yakhe yayiphazamisekile kakhulu yi-leukemia.

UGeorges Prosper Remi wasweleka eWoluwe-Saint-Lambert, eBrussels, eBelgium, ngoMatshi 3, 1983. Umhlolokazi wombhali, uFanny Vlamnick, ufumene onke amalungelo kumlinganiswa uTintin kunye nawo onke amaqhula akhe. Ngubani umfazi wesibini kaHergé wagqiba kwelokuba apapashe Tintin kunye neAlfa Art ngo-1986, xa wayeshiya umyeni wakhe ongasekhoyo. Okwangoku, uVlamnick yindlalifa yendalo yonke ka-Remi kwaye ulawula ipropathi yakhe enomgangatho ophucukileyo ngesiseko seHergé.