I-Fahrenheit 451.
"Kuba ukufunda kuthintela ukonwaba ngokungakhathali kwaye kwilizwe laseMontag kufuneka wonwabe ngenkani ..." loo mgca uqweqwe olungasemva Fahrenheit 451 Izakhele ngokugqibeleleyo i-dystopia enobuchule eyenziwe nguRay Bradbury. Libali eligcwele izigcawu ezoyikisayo, ezimele ngokukhangela kwikamva le-apocalyptic elingeyonyani yonke imihla. Oko ke kuthetha isilumkiso esicacileyo malunga nokwenziwa "komxholo weziyatha".
Umbhali uchaza ilizwe apho ukonwaba akuyiyo imeko yengqondo, endaweni yoko kungummiselo ofakwe ezingqondweni ukungakhathali kumabonwakude, ikakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukufunda akuvumelekanga kwaphela. Ukuqonda, ukunika uluvo kunye nokwenza eyakho indlela yokuziphatha ayamkelekanga ekufuneka ichithwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kokuziphatha okuyingozi. Ngomnye wemisebenzi emihle kaRay Bradbury ethathwe kwi-cinema.
Sobre el autor
URay Bradbury Wazalelwa eWaukegan, eIllinois, eUnited States, ngo-Agasti 22, 1920. Ngexesha lobuntwana bakhe kunye nokufikisa wayethanda ukuba namaphupha amabi, nangona kunjalo, wasebenzisa uninzi lwale mifanekiso mihle kwimisebenzi yakhe yamva. Ukudakumba Okukhulu kwanyanzela usapho lwakhe ukuba lufudukele eLos Angeles, apho waphumelela khona kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.
Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nezifundo ezisesikweni, Ngo-1943 waqatshelwa njengombhali oqeqeshiweyo ngenxa yokuzingisa kwakhe kubugcisa kunye nobuchule obuhle bokuzifundisa. Ishumi leminyaka le-50s liya kuba lithuba lokuzinikezela emva kokupapashwa IziKronike zikaMartian (1950) Indoda ebonisiweyo (1951) kunye Fahrenheit 451 (Ngo-1953), izihloko ezivakalisiweyo ngokugxekwa koncwadi.
UBradbury uye wangena kwilizwe lemibongo, kunye nokubhala izincoko kunye nezikripthi zikamabonwakude. Imixholo rhoqo yomsebenzi wakhe wajika waba kakhulu mbono, phantse njalo ezinxulumene imibuzo malunga nenkcubeko yamazwe aphuhlileyo, yolawulo, ulawulo, iimfazwe athom, fascism kunye nokuxhomekeka zobugcisa.
Uhlobo lwayo oluxubeneyo nefantasy ngendlela eyahlukileyo, uloyiko, isihobe kunye nokoyikeka. Kwangokunjalo, ukungahambisani nengcinezelo izihloko ezihlala zihleli kunye noloyiko lokufa okanye imeko yabo yokunganyamezelani kubuhlanga nakubantu abangaphandle. URay Bradbury wasweleka ngoJulayi 5, 1912.
I-Fahrenheit 451 Isishwankathelo
“Kwakuthe cwaka kuqokelelene kuloo mlilo womlilo kwaye kwathi cwaka ebusweni bamadoda, kwaye ixesha lalikhona, lide ngokwaneleyo ukuba lihlale ecaleni kwendlela ebunjiweyo phantsi kwemithi, kunye nehlabathi kwaye uliguqule ngamehlo akho, ngokungathi intwana yentsimbi eyayibunjwe ngala madoda yabethelelwa embindini womlilo. Kwakungekho nje umlilo owahlukileyo. Kwakunjalo ke cwaka. UMontag uye wangena kolo cingo lukhethekileyo, olunxulumene nayo yonke into esehlabathini. "
Abenzi bomlilo kunye noGuy Montag
"Kwakukuhle ukutshisa." Fahrenheit 451 ibhekisa kumanqanaba obushushu apho iphepha kunye neetekisi zitshisayo. UGuy Montag, ophambili, naye unenombolo engu-451 egximfizwe kwisigcina-ntloko somlilo. Nangona umsebenzi wakhe ingekuko ukucima imililo, ngokuchaseneyo, kukubabangela ukuba bazitshabalalise iincwadi.
I-Bradbury yazisa i-surrealism yeMelika yexesha elizayo, apho abacimi-mlilo bengenazicimi-mlilo, baphatha umlilo. Ingcinga enye iyinyani (yamkelwe sisininzi sabantu) ebalulekileyo kuxolo lwesizwe. UMontag wanelisekile yile nto, kangangokuba wazidla ngomsebenzi wakhe.
Amandla eencwadi kunye noClarisse McClellan
"Uyazi ukuba kutheni iincwadi ezinje zibaluleke kangaka? Ngenxa yokuba zinomgangatho. Lithetha ntoni igama elithi umgangatho? Kum, oko kuthetha ukuthungwa. Le ncwadi ine-pores, inempawu. Le ncwadi ingabekwa phantsi kwemicroscope. Ngokusebenzisa ilensi uya kufumana ubomi, imizila yexesha elidlulileyo kwiprofayili engenasiphelo. I-pores ezingakumbi, iinkcukacha zobomi ezibhalwe ngokunyanisekileyo onokuzifumana kwiphepha ngalinye lephepha, kokukhona kubonakala ngathi "luncwadi". Ngayiphi na imeko, yingcaciso yam leyo. Ukutyhila iinkcukacha. Iinkcukacha zamva nje. Abakroli abalungileyo bachukumisa ubomi rhoqo. I-mediocre ibalekise nje izandla zabo kuyo. Abantu ababi bayadlwengula bamshiye engenamsebenzi.
Uyaqonda ngoku, ukuba kutheni iincwadi zithiyiwe kwaye zoyikwa? Zibonisa ii-pores zobuso bobomi. Abantu aba-comfy bafuna kuphela ubuso benyanga, akukho pores, akukho nwele, bathetha.
URay Bradbury.
Uyinxalenye yeqela - isitayile seCuba seC2 -ukutshabalalisa iincwadi, njengoko zibonwa njengomthombo wesiphithiphithi kunye nokudideka.. Kuze kuthi gqi uClarisse McClellan, umntu oneminyaka eli-17 onomdla onomdla kwindalo kwaye engonelisekanga yimeko yendawo yakhe. Uhlwayela "intsholongwane yokuthandabuza" kwingqondo kaGuy, ekhula ikhuthazwa luthotho lweziganeko eziphazamisayo.
Ukuzibulala okungalindelekanga, ukufa okubini okuothusayo kunye notshintsho olungalindelekanga
Okokuqala, uMildred, inkosikazi yakhe izama ukuzibulala ngokutya iipilisi zokulala ezininzi. Emva kwexesha, ufumanisa ngomfazi osele ekhulile owayefihle uncwadi kwaye wakhetha ukutshiswa kunye neencwadi zakhe. Okokugqibela, ingozi yemoto kaClarisse ebulala iMontag yadakumba kakhulu ... emva kwako konke ukusweleka, iincwadi ezibiweyo nezifihliweyo ziphela ziyintuthuzelo yakhe.
Ukuvuka
Xa uGuy eqala ukufunda ngasese, akasayi kuphinda acinge ngendlela efanayo. Imibuzo malunga nendawo yoluntu ekucingelwa ukuba wonwabile phantsi kolawulo lweNew Order iya rhoqo. Ukuhlanjwa kwengqondo (okungaphantsi kunye nokuqhubeka kumabonwakude) akusasebenzi ngokupheleleyo.
Ukubetha
Xa iMontag ingekho emsebenzini, UBeatty, umphathi wesebe lezemililo, uye amtyelele ekhayeni lakhe aze amnike iiyure ezingama-24 zokuzihlolisisa ezi ncwadi zibiweyo. ukufumanisa ukuba banayo nayiphi na into enomdla. Emva komhla wokugqibela, uGuy kufuneka ahambise iincwadi kwaye azitshise. Ukufunda kuyamangalisa, ke uMontag ucela uncedo lweqabane lakhe uFaber.
Ukujija okungalindelekanga
Ngapha koko, uBeatty uyaludela uncwadi. Ukholelwa ukuba izicatshulwa ziyingozi kwaye ziyabulala, kufanelekile ukutshatyalaliswa. Okwangoku, isilumkiso sivela endlwini kaMontag, uMildred ubaleka eteksini ... umfazi wakhe umngcatshi. Ke, Intloko yomlilo ibonisa indawo kwaye ifuna ukuba uGuy atshise indlu yakhe kunye neencwadi.
UMontag ubanjiwe kwindawo yesehlo ngelixa efumana ukukrokra okuqatha kuBeatty, Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba, uGuy ujikeleza umbane wakhe, abeke umlilo wakhe phezulu, kwaye ahlasele abo adlala nabo ngaphambi kokuba abaleke. Intshutshiso iba sisiganeko esenziwa kumabonakude. Nangona kunjalo, iMontag iyakwazi ukuphepha i-hiffer hound ngokunikela ngeempahla zikaFaber kunye nokuntywila emlanjeni.
IMontag, imbacu, kunye nabavukeli
IMontag ebalekayo iza kwiitreyini zikaloliwe oshiyekileyo. Apho ufumana "abantu bencwadi", iqela leengqondi ezinemvukelo zikhokelwa nguGranger. Luhlobo lomkhuseli woncwadi onikezelwe kwimishini yokukhumbula imisebenzi emikhulu yoluntu.
Ukulingisa ukuzola
UMyalelo oMtsha kufuneka uqhubeke nokubonakala. Endaweni kaMontag ongasekhoyo, inkqubo yamapolisa kumabonakude kuthathwa umntu ohlwempuzekileyo owayebhukishwe ngaphambili yile nkqubo. Okwalo mzuzu, uMontag ugqiba ukuqonda imfazwe kwizithunzi ezikhutshwe phakathi kwamandla amiselweyo kunye nabakhuseli benkululeko yolwazi.
Ukuhlaselwa kwabavukeli
Nje ukuba adityaniswe kwiqela, uGuy uyalelwa ukuba akhumbule iNcwadi yeNtshumayeli. Kwimeko engalindelekanga yeziganeko, I-Order entsha ithathe isigqibo sokuqhushumisa isixeko ngenjongo yokutshabalalisa abavukeli ngaphandle kwamakhulu amawaka abafileyo abamsulwa. Ekugqibeleni, uMontag kunye namaqabane akhe bafuna abasindileyo phakathi kwamabhodlo ukuze baqale ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwempucuko.
Ubume bomsebenzi
Uncwadi ngamandla, kwaye lowo ungenisayo kufuneka alutshabalalise ukuba unqwenela ukulawula
Fahrenheit 451 ibuyela umva, ngabom, ukuya kumaxesha obumnyama afunyanwa eGrisi emva kohlaselo lwamaDorian kunye nokonakaliswa kwazo zonke izinto ezibhaliweyo kunye nokusweleka kwababhali babo kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuya. C.; Kwangokunjalo, yenza ukuba umfundi abuyele kwiintsuku zokutshiswa kweThala leencwadi laseAlexandria ukuya kwinkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC. C., okanye kule nkulungwane ikhoyo ngoku nokuphanga kunye nokutshabalalisa izinto ezixabisekileyo zezinto zakudala e-Iraq ngo-2003.
Incwadi isikhokelela kuyo yonke intlekele enokubakho ebonisa ukuba ukuphela kobugcisa kuhambelana nokwehla kweengcinga ezinzulu. Ubukhoboka abufuni ngaphezu koko: ukuthula iintliziyo ngokunyanzelwa.
Impembelelo yeTV emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi
Emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwamazwe ahambele phambili kuzise ukwanda kokonwatyiswa kukamabonwakude. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazithathele ingqalelo izilumkiso zabaphengululi abaninzi malunga nokuwohloka kwemikhwa yokufunda ukwenzakalisa umabonwakude. Ukongeza, i-artifact isuka ekubeni sisixhobo esinamandla sokusasaza kwezopolitiko.
Ngelixa amazinga okufunda nokubhala ethande ukuba phezulu kakhulu kwihlabathi lokuqala kunye namazwe asaphuhlayo, Ukuvela "kwebhokisi yesidenge" njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yekhaya kwakubangela ukuvela okuqhubekayo "kokungafundi okusebenzayo." Oko kukuthi, isuke ekubeni nabantu abacinga ukuba iye kwizinto ezingakwaziyo ukufunda, engenakho ukwenza uhlalutyo olunzulu lokusingqongileyo, ekulula ukulusebenzisa nokulawula.
Caphushwa nguRay Bradbury.
Isonka kunye neesekisi
Izicwangciso "zesonka kunye neesekisi" zinokubonakala ngathi zibuBukhosi baseRoma, kodwa azange zitshabalale eMhlabeni. Ngexesha lesibini lesiqingatha senkulungwane yama-XNUMX, iinkokheli zopolitiko kwihlabathi liphela zisebenzise umabonwakude ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci okanye elincinci ukufihla umbono wabemi, bathande umyalezo osemthethweni kwaye baqhubeke namandla. Ukungazi okungafunekiyo kunye ne-coniveist naivety yinto yomhla lowo.
Ukubonakaliswa okungagungqiyo kwi Fahrenheit 451 Inokusebenza okungapheliyo: ulwazi ngamandla. Ukuba ngexesha lokubhalwa kwale ncwadi, enye yezinto ezikhuthazayo yayikukuvela kukamabonakude njengesixhobo esisebenzisekayo sendlu, ithini imbono yombhali kwimeko yangoku yedijithali egcwele nyaniso ibonisa, iindaba ezibuxoki, iividiyo ezibubudenge ezihamba ngentsholongwane kunye nengcaciso engeyiyo kwimidiya yoluntu?