Iincwadi ezilungileyo zibekwe elwandle

Ubudlelwane phakathi koncwadi nolwandle buhamba indlela ende. Kwaye kukho into malunga neelwandle, ubuninzi bolwandle kunye nehlabathi elifihliweyo, olwaqala ukuthandwa lucela umngeni kubabhali abakhulu ukuba baphicothe iimfihlo zalo. Ezi Ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo zibekwe elwandle Bacebisa ukuhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa amaza besebenzisa iinyanga ezisondeleyo zehlobo. Ngaba uza kuthatha idiphu?

URobinson Crusoe, nguDaniel Defoe

Ithathwa njenge inoveli yokuqala yesiNgesi, Robinson crusoe yashicilelwa ngo-1719 itshintsha unaphakade kwihlabathi loncwadi kunye nomba "wokulahla" njengesixhobo esithe rhoqo kwiincwadi ze-adventure kwiminyaka ezayo. IX-reyi yexesha, umatiloshe owaziwayo wafika kwisiqithi esikunxweme loMzantsi Melika kunye nemiyalelo yakhe ngolwe-Sihlanu ngolwesiHlanu lweziganeko zaseNtshona luphawu oluqaqambileyo nolufihlakeleyo lwamaxesha ekoloniyalizim ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo.

UMobby Dick nguHerman Melville

Ukuba kukho inoveli evusa njengombalwa umzabalazo wanaphakade phakathi komntu nendalo, nguMoby Dick, ibali elidumileyo lenqanawa elineqela elikhulu lomkhomo omhlophe. Inoveli, egcwele iisimboli kunye neengxelo, inabalinganiswa abathile abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ezimele uluntu ngokwalo, ngelixa ubukho Moby Dick ubuyela umva hayi kuphela Iinkumbulo njengomatiloshe ovela eMelville kodwa kubukho beziganeko ezibini ezaziwayo ezenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-1820: ukuhlaselwa kwesikhephe sokuloba i-Essex ngumkhomo omhlophe we-sperm whale kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ngo-1851 kunye nobukho be-albino sperm whale eyaziwayo eyayihlasela isiqithi saseChile saseMocha kunye apho wonke umntu wabiza uMocha Dick. Inoveli, ngaphandle kwempumelelo yayo encinci emva kokupapashwa kwayo ngo-XNUMX, yaphela yaba uphawu kwiincwadi zaseMelika.

Amashumi amabini amawaka amaLigi aphantsi koLwandle, nguJules Verne

Kukhutshwa okokuqala kwimagazini yesiFrentshi IMagasin d'Éducation kunye neRécréation phakathi kuka-1869 no-1870, Amashumi amabini amawaka eeligi zokuhamba ngaphantsi kwamanziYayiyinguquko emva kokupapashwa kwayo ngokuthatha umfundi aye kumhlaba ongaphantsi kwamanzi kulapho kwakungekho kuncwadi. Ibali eliyindumasi eliqala ngalo ukubalisa ngokuntywiliselwa kwe-biologist uPierre Aronnax kwi iNautilus, inqanawa yaselwandle eyayithinjwe nguKaputeni uNemo omangalisayo, umlinganiswa omele umbono kaJules Verne otyholwa ngumsindo nokuziphindezela eluntwini ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.

Isiqithi iTreasure, nguRobert Louis Stevenson

Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, umntu wayesele ehambile kwinxalenye yolwandlekazi lwehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, intelekelelo yokufumanisa ezo ziqithi zisaziwa apho ubuncwane obondliwe ziintsomi kunye neentsomi zilindelwe. Indawo esasebenza njengesiseko senye ye ezona noveli zinempembelelo kakhulu ngalo lonke ixesha. Ibhalwe nguScottish Stevenson, Isiqithi sobuncwane landela iihambo zika UJim hawkinsIqela elisebenza ngenqanawe iLa Hispaniola elilandela imikhondo kwimephu eya kuthi ichaze indawo ekuyo ubutyebi bukaCaptain Flint. Iklasikhi epheleleyo.

Indoda endala nolwandle, ngo-Ernest Hemingway

Ubudlelwane phakathi kweHemingway neCuba kukhokelele kwinto ethathwa njengoyena msebenzi ubalaseleyo ngumbhali weFiesta. Ishicilelwe ngo-1952, Indoda endala nolwandle ubalisa ibali lomlobi osele aluphele ophumela elwandle ukuze abambise eyona ntlanzi inkulu eyakhe yaziwa luluntu lwakhe. Ibhalwe nguHemingway kwindawo ayithandayo uPlaya del Pilar, eCayo Guillermo, Indoda endala kunye noLwandle ayisiyiyo nje i-ode yalaa bhlowu mkhulu umbhali ahlala kuwo ngothando, kodwa nakwikratshi kunye nethemba njengekhandlela embindini indalo ayinakulindeleka. Kuthathwa njengenye ye Iincwadi eziphambili zekhulu lama-XNUMX, umsebenzi ubuyisele uHemingway kwimpumelelo yakhe yakudala, ehambelana ezimbini Amabhaso kaPulitzer neNobel yafunyanwa ngo-1953.

Ibali lokulahlwa, nguGabriel García Márquez

UGabo wayesoloko engumbhali obalaseleyo, kodwa bekwanentatheli enetalente. Ubungqina boku yayikukupapashwa ngo-1055 kweli bali kangangeentsuku ezili-14 zilandelelana kwiphephandaba laseColombia i-El Espectador yapapashwa njengencwadi ngo-1970. Ibali liyabalisa iintsuku ezilishumi elwandle ezisetyenziswe ngumatiloshe uLuis Alejandro Velasco, osindayo yedwa kwi-ARC Caldas, umthuthi ohamba ngenqanawa oshiye isixeko esiseMobile eAlabama sithwele izinto ezingekho mthethweni. Ibali eliyinyani, elifanelwe sisiqendu esingashicilelwanga sikaRobinson Crusoe okanye uNkosi weZimpukane, lenze uVelasco ukuba abe ligorha lesizwe, umntu owasindayo awathi uGabo wadlulisela kuwo onke amalungelo emsebenzini wakhe emva kokupapashwa.

Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda Ibali lokulahla?

Imihlathi, nguPeter Benchley

Kwiinyanga ngaphambi kokuba ipapashwe ngo-1974, abavelisi uRichard D. Zanuck noDavid Brown bafunda uyilo lwenoveli ngu IsiTiburon kwaye abathandabuzi umzuzwana ukuba bathenge amalungelo ebali ngokulungelelaniswa kwefilimu. Ukufika kukakrebe omkhulu omhlophe obangela umonakalo kwindawo encinci yesiqithi kukhatshwa yinxalenye yempumelelo yayo enkosi Imovie kaSteven Spielberg yakhululwa ngo-1975, eyayiza kutshintsha imboni yaseHollywood ngonaphakade ngokuba yifilimu ephezulu kakhulu kude kube ngumnyaka wokukhutshwa kwayo. Yintsomi njengokuba isonwabisa.

Ubomi bePi, nguYann Martel

Emva kokusilela kwinoveli ebekwe ePortugal, uCanada u-Yann Martel wagqiba kwelokuba aye e-India ayokufuna ibali. Kwaye kuyakuba lapho, kwindawo yokutyela, apho ibali lendoda liza kuxelwa. Endaweni yokuba yinkwenkwe egama linguPi eyanyanzelwa ukuba iphile ecaleni kwengwe egama layo Umpaki weRichar emva kokutshona kwenqanawa apho usapho lwakhe lwalufuna ukuhambisa umyezo wezilwanyana eMelika. Epheleleyo yesimboli kunye nefantasy, Ubomi bukaPi inoveli malunga nokholo, malunga nokukwazi ukukholelwa kunye nokubona ithemba livuzwa ngendlela yeziqithi zolwandle kunye neentlanzi ezibhabhayo. Enye yeenoveli ezifundwa ngokubanzi zenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, zona ke, eziphefumlelweyo uhlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo nolwaziwayo ngo-2012.

Zithini Ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo zibekwe elwandle?