Akukho ndaba zivela kwigurb

Akukho ndaba zivela kwigurb yinoveli ehlekisayo eyenziwe yingqondi yaseSpain uEduardo Mendoza. Upapasho lwayo lokuqala lwenziwa liphephandaba El País phakathi kuka-Agasti 1 nowama-25, 1990. Kunyaka olandelayo, uSeix Barral waqalisa ngokusungulwa kwencwadi. Ibali lenzeka kwisixeko saseBarcelona ngexesha eliphambi kweMidlalo yeOlimpiki ka-1992.

Ibali lilingisa idayari yomphambukeli ekhangela iGurb, umntu wasemzini othathe inkangeleko yokuba ngumculi-umbhali wengoma uMartha Sánchez. UMendoza usebenzisa inani labaphambukeli ukubonisa ukungakhathali kunye nesimo sengqondo sabathengi baseCatalan naseSpain ngelo xesha. Apho abantu baziphatha ngendlela engaxhasayo kunye nengqikelelo, bekhohliswa ngamandla emali kunye nokungakhathali.

Malunga nombhali, uEduardo Mendoza Garriga

UEduardo Mendoza Wazalelwa e-Barcelona ngoJanuwari 11, 1943. Unesidanga kwezomthetho, waphumelela kwiDyunivesithi yase-Autonomous yase-Barcelona. Ngalo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala ebesoloko engena ikakhulu kuhlobo lwenoveli, nangona sele ebhale izincoko ezibalaseleyo kunye namabali amafutshane. Kwangokunjalo, uMendoza usebenze njengomdlali weqonga, igqwetha kunye nomguquleli.

Incwadi yakhe yokuqala yoncwadi yenzeka ngelixa wayehlala eNew York (phakathi kuka-1973 no-1982 wayesebenza njengomguquleli kwi-UN), kunye Inyaniso malunga necala likaSavolta (1975). Ukusukela ngoko, wayenza yacaca indlela yakhe entle yokuphatha izixhobo ezilandelanayo, kwisitayile esinyanisekileyo nesigxekayo. Isihloko sokuqala senoveli sasikhona Amajoni aseCatalonia, Kodwa yaguqulwa ngenxa yokunyanzelwa kukaFranco. Kwakufanele amabhaso omGxeki wengxelo yeCastilian.

Ubalo maxesha lweencwadi zakhe, izincoko kunye awona mabhaso akhe abalaseleyo

• Imfihlakalo ye-haunted crypt. Uthotho lwamacuphi olungaziwayo, iparody eneempawu zenoveli emnyama kunye negothic (1979).
• ILabyrinth yeminquma. Uthotho lweeNgcaciso loMntu ongaziwayo (1982).
• ENew York. Isincoko (1986).
• Isixeko sokulinga. Inoveli (1986). Ibhaso lesiXeko saseBarcelona ngo-1987.Incwadi ebalaseleyo yonyaka, iMagazini ukufunda (France)
• Isiqithi esingavakaliyo. Inoveli (1989).
• I-Barcelona yala maxesha. Isincoko (umbhali-mbhali kunye nodadewabo uCristina Mendoza; 1989).
• Unyaka womkhukula. Inoveli (1992).
• Umdlalo olula. Inoveli (1996). Elona bhaso libalaseleyo leNcwadi yamanye amazwe (France).
• Baroja, impikiswano. Isincoko esichazayo (2001).
• Umsebenzi we-boudoir of misses. Uthotho lweeNgcaciso loMdwebi (2001) Ibhaso ngeNcwadi eBalaseleyo yoNyaka ka-2002, iGremio de Libreros de Madrid.
• Uhambo lokugqibela lukaHoracio Dos. Inoveli ipapashwe ngezavenge kwi El País (2002).
• IMauritius okanye unyulo lokuqala. Inoveli (2006).
• Ngubani okhumbula uArmando Palacio Valdés? Isincoko (2007).
• Uhambo olumangalisayo lukaPomponio Flato. Inoveli (2008). Ibhaso leSilivere ngo-2009.
• Ubomi abathathu babaNgcwele (Umnenga, Ukuphela kukaDubslav kunye nokungaqondi). Incwadi yamabali (2009).
• Ukulwa kwekati. Madrid 1936. Inoveli (2010). Imbasa yePlanethi.
• Indlela eya esikolweni. Ibali labantwana (2011).
• Umzabalazo wengxowa nobomi. Uthotho lweeNgcaciso loMntu ongaziwayo (2012).
• Imfihlelo yemodeli elahlekileyo. Uthotho lweeNgcaciso loMntu ongaziwayo (2015).
• Ibhaso likaFranz Kafka 2015.
• ICervantes Award 2016.
• Kwenzeka ntoni eCatalonia? Isincoko (2017).
• Ukumkani uyamkela. I-Trilogy iMithetho yeNtshukumo (2018).
• Urhwebo lwe-yin ne-yang. I-Trilogy yeMithetho yokuShukumiseka (2019).
• Kutheni sithandana kangaka. Isincoko esichazayo (2019).

Uhlalutyo Akukho ndaba zivela kwigurb (1991)

Umxholo kunye nengxoxo

Ukusethwa yi-Barcelona ngobusuku beJJ. OO. Ngelixa umfokazi efuna uGurp edlula esixekweni, uchaza izinto ezikhethekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila yabemi bayo. Yidolophu enkulu egubungele isantya sokulungiselela owona msitho mkhulu wezemidlalo emhlabeni. Iipaseji ezisecaleni kweendlela ezivulekileyo, izithuthi ezinganyamezelekiyo kunye nembono yebhola ekhatywayo zibetha kakhulu.

Ngesi sizathu, umbhali-ngokusebenzisa isatire kunye nokuphikisana-ugxeka ubugqwetha kunye nokuxhaphaka kwabathengi. Kwangokunjalo, uMendoza utyhila ubuntu obungenanceba kuluntu lwanamhlanje ngokuchasene nemeko kunye nokuba sempilweni kwabantu. Apho irony yimvakalelo ehamba kunye nezifundo; njengoko kubonwe kwisiqwengana esilandelayo:

"Shumi elinantlanu. 15. Ndiwela emhadini ovulwe yiNkampani yaManzi yaseBarcelona.

15. 04. Ndiwela emngxunyeni ovulwe yiNkampani yezeMfonomfono yeSizwe.
16. 05. Ndiwela emhadini ovulwe ngumbutho wasebumelwaneni kwisitalato iCórcega ”.

Abalingiswa

Umphambukeli ongaziwayo

Umphathi (igama elingaziwa) wenqanawa ubalisa ngeziganeko zomntu wokuqala ngokusebenzisa amanqaku kwidayari yakhe. Umbali ukhuphela i-phenotype yobuntu obahlukeneyo njengoko eziqhelanisa nobomi eMhlabeni. Iqala ngokuvela kuka-Count-Duke we-Olivares. Emva koko, itshintsha ngokulandelelana kwiifom zikaMiguel de Unamuno, u-Isoroku Yamamoto okanye u-Alfonso V de León, phakathi kwabanye.

Umtsalane

Njengogxa wakhe ongaziwayo, uGurb ngumphambukeli ophume emzimbeni. Uthatha isigqibo sokwamkela uhlobo lomculi onomdla uMartha Sánchez. Aba baphambukeli badinga omnye nomnye ukuze bakwazi ukubuyela kumnyele wabo, emva kokufika kufutshane neBarcelona ngenxa yokonakala kwinqanawa yabo. Nangona kunjalo, ungowokuqala ukuphuma ayokuphanda ukuba bunjani ubomi kwidolophu enkulu kwaye iqabane lakhe liyomkhangela kamva.

UMnu Joaquín noDoña Mercedes

Ngabantu ababini abadala abanebhari ebetyelelwa rhoqo ngumbalisi. Bakhulisa ubudlelwane obuhle kunye nomhlaba ongaziwayo, baba lunxibelelwano oluthembekileyo phakathi kwabo. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba azimisele ukukhathalela ukusekwa xa uNksk. Mercedes amkelwe esibhedlele.

Ummelwane

Ungumfazi otshatileyo, ongatshatanga kwaye ononyana, athe umbalisi wathandana naye. Ngaphandle kokungakhathali kwiindibano zoluntu (akaqhelekanga ukuya), uyaziwa njengomntu onoxanduva. Awusoze washiyeka emva ngentlawulo yebhunga lengingqi yakho. Umphambukeli olihlwempu ongaziwayo uzama kaninzi - ngelize - ukoyisa owasetyhini, kodwa akayithandi indlela yakhe okanye iindlela zakhe.

Ubume kunye nesimbo senoveli

Ibali lahlulwe lazizahluko ezili-15 ezihambelana nenani leentsuku zokufika komlandeli ekhangela iGurb. Kuzo zonke, uMendoza ubonakalisa isitayile sakhe sokuhlekisa kunye noburharha obumnyama ukucacisa ukungathandabuzi kwakhe malunga neendlela zokuziphatha zangoku. Kwangokunjalo, usebenzisa uphinda-phindo ngenjongo zokuvelisa uburharha. Ngesi sizathu, i-anaphora isebenza ukubonisa inkani (kunye nengqondo) yomlinganiswa wombalisi.

Kwangokunjalo, isibaxo sisetyenziselwa ukwenza igalelo kumdlalo ohlekisayo wenoveli. Kanye nokunkcenkceshela ubunzima bomphambukeli kwinjongo yakhe yokuqonda izithethe zentlalo. Ngenxa yoko, umbhali uyakwazi ukubonakalisa ukugxeka okunamandla malunga noluntu lwanamhlanje.

Ukubaluleka kwembono yangaphandle

Inqaku lembono langaphandle nelinqwenelayo linika umlinganiswa ophambili ukuba abe nakho ukungazi. Ngenxa yoko, amagqabantshintshi omlawuli ongaziwayo malunga nokusilela koluntu lwaseCatalan abonakala eyinyani njengoko engenatyala, phantse ayenzeki. Olu hlobo "lokuziphatha komntwana" luyabonakala kwindlela yokutya ebawayo.

Kwelinye icala, umbalisi akanalo naluphi na uhlobo lomkhethe okanye uqikelelo lwangaphambili ebantwini. Oko kukuthi, amava abonakala ngathi onke la ngamabali exesha lokuqala. Phakathi kwezi zityholo, ukungalingani, ukungalingani kwezentlalo noqoqosho kunye nezinye izithethe eziphelelwe lixesha. Ngapha koko, aba baphambukeli bafuna ukuhlala e-Barcelona kude kube sekupheleni kobukho babo.