74 buug oo uu ku taliyay Borges

Sanadkii 1985, ayaa Guriga daabacaada Argentine Hyspamérica, ayaa la daabacay waxa noqon lahaa maktabadda shaqsiyeed ee Borges. Maktabaddan ayaa ka mid noqon lahayd 74 buug oo uu ku taliyay Borges, oo mar akhriyay, wuxuu aad u xiiseynayay qoraaga reer Argentine si aad u badan oo uu doonayay inuu si furan ugula taliyo dhammaan kuwa jecel suugaanta.

Borges laftiisa ayaa mas'uul ka ahaa sameynta prologues ilaa kuwan 74 cinwaan. Wuxuu rabay inuu gaaro 100, laakiin nasiib daro 1988, wuxuu u dhintay kansarka beerka.

Xulashada buugaagta, Borges ma uusan raacin nooc kasta oo cabir ah, laakiin waxay ahayd liis gebi ahaanba kala fog, oo uu doonayay inuu qof walba la wadaago. Hadaladiisa waxaa ka mid ahaa:

Kuwa kale ha ku faanaan buugaagta la siiyay inay qoraan; Waxaan ku faanayaa kuwa la i siiyay inaan akhriyo… Waxaan jeclaan lahaa maktabadani inay u kala duwanaato sida xiisaha aan u qancin ee ii horseeday, ee wali ii sii hoggaaminaysa, sahaminta luuqado badan iyo suugaan badan.

Borges maktabad shaqsiyeed

• Julio Cortazar: "Sheekooyin"
• "Apocryphal Injiillada"
• Franz Kafka: "Ameerika" iyo Sheekooyin Gaaban
• Gilbert Keith Chesterton: "Iskutallaab buluug ah iyo sheekooyin kale"
• Maurice Maeterlinck: "Sirdoonka ubaxa"
• Dino Buzzati: "Lamadegaanka Tartaarta"
• Henry Ibsen: "Peer Gynt", "Hedda Glaber"
• Jose Maria Eca de Queiroz: "Mandarin"
• Leopold Lugones: "Boqortooyadii Jesuit"
• Andre Gide: "Boorsooyinka been abuurka ah"
• Herbert George Wells: "Mashiinka waqtiga" y "Ninka aan la arki karin"
• Robert Graves: "Quraafaadka Giriigga"
• Fyodor Dostoevsky: "Jinniyo"
• Edward Kasner & James Newman: «Xisaabta iyo malo-awaalka»
• Eugene O'Neill: "The Great God Brown" y "Kala dhexgal qariib ah"
• Hermann Melville: "Benito Cereno", "Bily Budd" y "Bartleby, karraaniga"
• Giovanni Papini: "Dhibaatada maalinlaha ah", "Duuliyaha indhoolaha ah" y "Erayo iyo dhiig"
• Arthur Machen: "Saddexda khiyaanoole"
• Friar Luis de Leon: "Heesta heesaha" y "Bandhigga Buugga Ayuub"
• Joseph Conrad: "Qalbiga Mugdiga" y "Xadhig qoorta u sudhan"
• Oscar Wilde: "Qormooyin iyo wadahadallo"
• Henri Michaux: "Barbari ku nool Aasiya"
• Herman Hesse: "Cayaartii abaaraha"
• Enoch A. Bennett: "Nolol lagu aasay"
• Claudius Eliano: «Taariikhda xoolaha»
• Thorstein Veblen: "Aragtida Fasalka Nasashada"
• Gustave Flaubert: "Imtixaanada Saint Anthony"
• Marco Polo: "Sharaxaadda adduunka"
• Marcel Schwob: "Nolol khiyaali ah"
• George Bernard Shaw: "Kaysar iyo Cleopatra", "Taliyaha Barbar" y "Candida"
• Francis Quevedo: «La Fortuna oo leh maskax iyo waqti qof walba» y "Marco Bruto"
• Eden Fillpotts: Casaanka Redmayne
• Soren Kierkegaard: "Cabsi iyo gariir"
• Gustav Meyrink: "Golem"
• Henry James: "Casharka macalinka", "Nolosha gaarka ah" y "Tirada rooga"
• Herodotus: "Sagaalka buug ee taariikhda"
• Juan Rulfo: "Pedro Paramo"
• Rudyard Kipling: "Sheekooyin"
• Daniel Defoe: "Moll Flanders"
• Jean Cocteau: "Sirta xirfadeed iyo qoraallada kale"
• Thomas deQuincey: "Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee Emmanuel Kant iyo qoraallo kale"
• Ramon Gomez de la Serna: «Hordhaca shaqada Silverio Lanza»
• Antonine Galland: "Habeenada Carabta" (xulasho)
• Robert Louis Stevenson: "Habeennada Carabta ee cusub"
• Leon Bloy: "Badbaadinta Yuhuudda", «Dhiiga masaakiinta» y "Gudcurka"
• Bhagavad-Gita. "Gabayga Gilgamesh"
• Juan Jose Arreola: "Sheekooyinka cajiibka ah"
• David Garnett: «Marwo ilaa dawaco», "Nin jooga xayawaanka" y Soo laabashada badmaaxa
• Jonathan Swift: "Safarada Gulliver"
• Paul Grousac: "Dhaleeceyn suugaaneed"
• Manuel Mujica Lainez: "Sanamyada"
• John Ruiz: «Buugga jacaylka wanaagsan»
• William Blake: "Gabayo dhameystiran"
• Hugh walpole: «Fagaaraha madow»
• Ezequiel Martinez Estrada: «Shaqada gabayga ah»
• Edgar Allan Poe: "Sheekooyin"
• Publius Virgil Maron: "Aeneid"
• Voltaire: "Sheekooyin"
• J.W Dunne: "Tijaabo waqti leh"
• Attilio Momigliano: "Qormo ku saabsan Orlando Furioso"
• William James: "Noocyada khibrada diineed" y "Daraasad ku saabsan dabeecadda aadanaha"
• Snorri Sturluson: «Saga of Egil Skallagrimsson»

Hadaad rabto inaad aqriso prologues halkan riix. Waxaa jira wadar ahaan 72 bog oo Borges uu ku siinayo wax ka badan sababaha akhriska buugaagtan. Haddii aad tahay qof raacsan oo daacad ah qoraagan iyo shaqadiisa, ma joojin kartid akhrinta qoraalkan kooban Taariikh nololeedka Borges taas oo aan dib ugu eegayno nolosha iyo shaqadiisa suugaaneed ee qoraaga Buenos Aires.

Hordhaca Borges ee "Sheekooyinka" waxaa qoray Edgar Allan Poe

Tusaale ahaan iyo filasho ahaan, waxaan idinkaga tagnay gogol dhigga uu Borges u qoray Qisooyinka uu qoray sayidkii argagixisada, Edgar Allan Poe. Ku raaxayso!

Suugaanta maanta waa wax aan la aqbali karin Whitman la'aan iyo Poe la'aan. Way nagu adag tahay inaan qiyaasno laba qof oo kala jaad ah, marka laga reebo in nin waliba ka duwan yahay. Edgar Poe wuxuu ku dhashay sanadkii 1809 magaalada Boston, waana magaalo uu hadhow nici doono. Agoon laba sano jir ah, waxaa korsaday ganacsade, Mr. Allan, oo magaciisa ugu dambeeya uu ahaa magaciisa dhexe. Wuxuu ku barbaaray Virginia waligiisna waxaa laga yaqaanay Koonfurta. Wuxuu wax ku bartay England. Taallo lagu xasuusto joogitaankiisii ​​dheeraa ee waddankaas waa tilmaanta iskuul leh naqshad dhismeed aad u xiiso badan oo qofna weligiis garanaynin sagxadda ay ku taal. Sanadkii 1830-kii wuxuu galay Akadeemiyada Militariga ee West Point, halkaas oo looga saaray jacaylkiisa khamaarka iyo cabitaanka. Dabeecad dagaal iyo neerfeed dabiici ah, si kastaba ha noqotee wuxuu ahaa nin howlkar ah oo wuxuu nooga reebay shan mug leh oo tira iyo tiraabba leh. 1835 wuxuu guursaday Virginia Clemm, oo jirtay saddex iyo toban sano. Abwaan ahaan, kuma qiimeeyo waddankiisa hooyo marka loo eego qaybaha kale ee adduunka. Gabaygiisa caanka ah ee "Dawannadii" ayaa u horseeday Emerson inuu naaneys ugu bixiyo ninka jingle. Wuu is khilaafey asxaabtiisii ​​oo dhan; wuxuu si aan macquul ahayn ugu eedeeyay Longfellow inuu khiyaanay. Markii loogu yeeray xerta romantiga Jarmalka, wuxuu ku jawaabay: 'Naxdin kama timaado Jarmalka; waxay ka timaaddaa nafta. Wuxuu had iyo jeer ku badnaa "dhawaaq is-naxariis leh" qaabkiisuna waa is-dhexgal. Isagoo sakhraansan, wuxuu ku dhintay qolka guud ee isbitaalka Baltimore. Xadgudub wuxuu ku soo celiyey ereyadii uu afka u geliyey nin badmaax ah oo ku dhintey, mid ka mid ah sheekooyinkiisii ​​ugu horreeyey, ee ku yaal cirifka Koonfureed. Sannadkii 1849-kii ayaa isaga iyo badmaaxi wada dhinteen. Charles Baudelaire wuxuu u tarjumay shuqulkiisa oo dhan faransiis wuxuuna ku baryi jiray habeen kasta. Mallarmé wuxuu u daahiriyey sonnet caan ah isaga. Laga soo bilaabo hal sheeko oo ku saabsan taariikhdiisa laga soo bilaabo 1841, "Dilkii Rue Morgue," oo ka muuqda muggan, ayaa ka imanaya dhammaan noocyada baaritaanka: Robert Louis Stevenson, William Wilkie Collins, Arthur Conan Doyle, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, Nicholas Blake, iyo kuwa kale oo aad u tiro badan. Laga soo bilaabo suugaantiisa cajiibka ah aan ka xasuusano "Xaqiiqooyinka ku jira kiiska Mr. Valdemar" "Ka soo degitaanka Maelström", "The Pit and the Pendulum", "Ms. Waxaa laga helay Dhalo ”iyo“ Ninka dadka badan ”oo ah hal abuur aan horay loo arag. In "The Philosophy of Halabuurka" jacaylka weyn wuxuu ku dhawaaqayaa in waxqabadka maansadu tahay hawl maskaxeed, ee aan ahayn hadiyadda musxafka.