Ichi chinyorwa chemusoro chandichagovana nevamwe vakati wandei gadziriso. Tave mune izvi kwemakore akati wandei uye pamwe isu tinopindirana mune zvikanganiso zvatinoona mazviri zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye, pamusoro pezvose, in kururamisa mabhuku. Ndasarudza 8 zvakanyanya kuti ndinowana Ndinokurudzira vanyori, mablogiki, uye vanyori kuti vazvichengete mupfungwa apo mibvunzo inomuka uye edza kuvadzivisa. Uye nguva dzose zvakanaka kuva pedyo mabhuku kana mabhuku uye nzvimbo dzekubvunza (Spelling uye Grammar yeRAE kana chero imwe) kuti ibvise.
8 zvikanganiso zvakajairika
Kushandiswa kwemavara epamusoro uye madiki
Kukanganisa kwakajairika kunopihwa ne zvakawanda zvekushandisa izvo uye kuti dzimwe nguva zvinopararira kana zvinoenderana nezviri kutaurwa. Ndicho chikonzero iwe unofanirwa kutarisa nguva nenguva kana iwe usina chokwadi kuti ndeipi inonyanya kukodzera.
Dicritical accents
Izvi ndizvo yechinyakare kuti maotomatiki anoongorora zviperengo emazwi akasiyana processor kazhinji haasiyanise zvakanaka kana, dzimwe nguva, anoratidza imwe nzira isiriyo. Mienzaniso yemataurirwo ediacritical ndeiyi: Ini/ndinoziva, iwe/iwe, iye, hongu/hongu, mumwe/mate, zvimwe/zvimwe, iwe/te, we/kupa, waiziva/waiziva, iwe/iwe, imba/wakaimba, Etc.
vocative commas
Ichowo chikanganiso chakajairika kuvakanganwa uye, hongu, mune zvisina kurongwa mamiriro, senge mameseji, nezvimwewo, ivo vanogara vachionekwa nekusavapo kwavo. Mienzaniso: Maria ndati huya / Hello, Luis, uri sei?
Leísmo, laísmo uye loísmo
Iwo zvakare zvikanganiso zvekare.
El utera ndiyo kushandisa le/les sechinhu chakananga (panzvimbo pelo/los uye la/las). Iye kusanamata iko kushandiswa kwe la/las sechinhu chisina kunanga (panzvimbo pake/ivo). Uye the loism inoitika kana yakashandiswa lo/los sechinhu chisina kunanga (panzvimbo pake/ivo).
Ndakaona mota ("mota" ndicho chinhu chakananga)
- Ndakamuona (panzvimbo yekuti ndamuona). Muenzaniso wekusagadzikana.
Ndakaudza Marta kuti auye ("Marta" ndicho chinhu chisina kunanga)
"Ndamuudza kuti auye." Muenzaniso wezvenyika.
Ndakapa envelope kuna Marta ("kuna Marta" ndicho chinhu chisina kunanga)
—Ndakamupa envelope (panzvimbo pokumupa envelope). Muenzaniso we loísmo
- Nyaya ye mutemo unobvumirwa ndizvo zvinobata wechitatu munhurume, asi muumwechete. Semuenzaniso:
Juan akakwazisa Pedro ("a Pedro" ndicho chinhu chakananga).
kumukwazisa / kumukwazisa
- Imwe kunze ndeye "Courtesy Leism":
Ndakwazisa (iwe) / Ndakwazisa (iwe)
adequeísmos
izvi kukanganisa zvakazara uye nguva dzose, zvichida nokuvateerera zuva nezuva paredhiyo nepaterevhizheni uye nevakawanda vezvematongerwo enyika vedu vanoremekedzwa. Asi vakatapukirwa nzvimbo dzose uye, zvichida, tichapedzisira takanganwa preposition «ye». Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti:
Ndine chokwadi/kugutsikana/ndinoziva IZVI
gerunds isiriyo
Kumwe kushandiswa kunosanganisira zvikanganiso zvakawanda magerund. Iwo emhando nhatu:
- Pashure pacho
Kunyange zvazvo tichigona kuwana mienzaniso yakawanda yekushandiswa uku mumagwaro echinyakare, nhasi kushandiswa kwegerund kunoonekwa sokusina kururama kana kuchingosuma kutevedzana kwechinguvana. Saka zvinokurudzirwa kutsvaga dzimwe nzira.
Akatenga zvitambi, ozvidhinda pave paya pamahamvuropu aaifanira kutumira.
- zvakananga
Ndicho gallicism. Iyo gerund inoshanda sechirevo chinotsanangudza kana adjectival subordinate clause. Kazhinji kazhinji inofanirwa kutsiviwa ne que + verb muchimiro chemunhu.
Mutemo wakagadziridzwa uchiranga mhuka zvisina kunaka. > Mutemo unorambidza kushungurudzwa kwemhuka wakagadziridzwa.
Taverenga poster inozivisa kuramwa mabasa. > Takaverenga poster inozivisa kuramwa mabasa.
Zvipfuwo Chete marudzi maviri chaiwo: kufashaira nekupisa. "Tichada hari yemvura inopisa"; "Akapiswa nekenduru raibvira."
- Partitive
Uku kushandiswa kusina kururama kwegerund kunoshandiswa kuita a kunyatsojeka pamusoro pechikamu kana chikamu chese:
Vakaona ngarava nhatu dzichipfuura, mbiri dzacho dzakakura zvikuru.
Zvinokurudzirwa kudzima gerund uye kuunza chirevo chechikamu nechirevo chehukama (pakati pacho kana icho / icho), uye kushandura izwi rechiito kuti rive kana kuve muchimiro chemunhu:
Vakaona ngarava nhatu dzaipfuura, mbiri dzacho dzakanga dzakakura zvikuru.
Zvibvumirano (nhamba uye nguva)
zvakare kuitika munzvimbo dzese uye kazhinji. Tsananguro yacho inogona kunge iri pakushandisa zvimiro zvakaoma nezvidzidzo zviviri kana kupfuura kana zvikamu zvepasi, uye kana zvinyorwa zvikasaongororwa mushure. Izvo kukanganisa kwekubvumirana kwenhamba, gender kana zvese zviri pakati pechinyorwa nechiito kana pakati pechiumbwa chakananga nechirokwacho. Uyewo pakati pezita nechirevo chechirevo kana chivakashure, uye pakati pehama nechirevo chacho.
dialogue punctuation
La chidzidzo chikuru chakamirira cheruzhinji rwevanyori. Ndinobvuma kuti kazhinji zvakaoma, asi nzira yakanakisisa yekudzidza ndeyekunyora uye, pamusoro pezvose, kuverenga. Kune mienzaniso yakawanda uye vangada chinyorwa chakasiyana. Asi ini ndichapedzisa neinoti yakakosha: kusuma nhaurirano shandisa dash (—), kwete hyphen (-) uye kwete mabara.