Kutsvaga Kwemunhu Kune Chinangwa
Kutsvaga Kwemunhu Kune Chinangwa -kana Ein Psychologe erlebt das Konzentrationslager, nezita rayo rekutanga rechiGerman, inguva yekare yemafungiro aripo akanyorwa nemuzivi weAustria, chiremba wepfungwa, chiremba wetsinga uye munyori Viktor Frankl. Basa racho rakabudiswa kekutanga muna 1946, muVienna. Kuvhurwa kwacho kwakabudirira zvikuru mune zvekutengeserana, izvo zvakaita kuti muparidzi adhinde imwe edition. Zvisinei, yakakundikana kupfuura yakaitangira.
Gare gare yakagamuchira mamwe maBhaibheri, imwe muna 1955 uye imwe muna 1959, mose muri muviri muchiNgezi nemimwe mitauro, kubatanidza Spanish, uko yakashandurirwa se. Kubva kumusasa werufu kusvika kune existentialism. Kunyange zvakadaro, Yakanga isiri kusvika 1961 apo chinyorwa chine mukurumbira ichi chakawana mukurumbira pasi rose neshanduro yeBeacon. Dzvanya iyo yaive yakanzi Kutsvaga kweMunhu o Kutsvaga Kwemunhu Kune Chinangwa.
Zvinyorwa zve Kutsvaga Kwemunhu Kune Chinangwa
Kutsvaga Kwemunhu Kune Chinangwa inorondedzera iyo nyaya yemakore matatu —pakati pa1942 na1945— iyo Viktor Frankl akapedza mumisasa mina yevasungwa yakatangwa panguva ye Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Nzvimbo inonyanya kuzivikanwa iAuschwitz, inozivikanwa zviri nani semusasa wekuparadza. Ikoko, Frank, vaaishanda navo uye shamwari vaifanira kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu anosiririsa uye anonyadzisa ayo munhu angadai akawana.
Zuva rega rega, vasungwa vaive vanyajambwa uye zvapupu zvekumanikidzwa kushanda, kushungurudzwa kwenyama, kuparadzaniswa nepfungwa, kushomeka, uye, pakupedzisira, rufu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi yakadaro, varume vaingova nezvinhu zviviri chete: kushandisa tariro uye vanoda kuzvivaka kubva mukati. kana kubvumira chokwadi kuti chishandure kuti ive zvisikwa zvinozvibata zvakanyanya mhuka kupfuura sevanhu.
Maumbirwo ebasa
Kutsvaga Kwemunhu Kune Chinangwa inowanikwa yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: chikamu chekutanga, chechipiri uye chechitatu. Mune imwe neimwe yadzo, munyori anoedza kupindura kune imwe yepfungwa huru dzebhuku., iyo inoshandura sezvinotevera: “Upenyu hwezuva nezuva mumusasa wevasungwa hunotapura sei pfungwa nendangariro zvomusungwawo zvake?”
Chikamu chekutanga: Kuvharirwa mumunda
Zvose zvinotanga nenyaya yekuti vasungwa vaifungidzira sei nezvemusasa wevasungwa wavaizoendwa nawo. Kusiyana nezvinotendwa nevanhuwo zvavo, avo vainyimwa rusununguko vaiganhurirwa muzvikamu zviduku, uye kwete kumataundi makuru.
Varume vakatya zvakaipisisa, kunyange zvakadaro Vaive nechokwadi chekuti magumo avo ekupedzisira aizova akaipisisa: imba yegasi. Munyori anoti mumamiriro ezvinhu aya vaingofunga zvekudzokera kumusha kumhuri dzavo neshamwari.
Nechikonzero ichocho, Nokufamba kwenguva, hapana aitya kuita pfungwa dzetsika kana dzetsika. Hapana akakumbira kuzvidemba paaironga kuti mumwe musungwa atore nzvimbo yake uye agamuchire nhamo yakanga yagadzirirwa mumwe munhu.
Munguva iyi yekutanga, vasungwa vaive netariro yekuponesa vavanoshanda navo kana shamwari vaivewo mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Asi, Zvishoma nezvishoma vakaona kuti vaigona kungoedza kuchengetedza mauto avo.
Chikamu chechipiri: Hupenyu mumaruwa
Mushure mekushungurudzwa zvakanyanya, kushanda vasina kupfeka, neshangu seyo chete sarudzo yekupfeka, kusava nehanya kwakaonekwa. Munhambo iyi vasungwa vakanga vakagarwa norudzi rworufu, kupfuura kwemirangariro yavo huru.
Nokufamba kwenguva, varume vakava zvisikwa zvisina tsitsi. Kurova kwairamba kuchiitika, kusanzwisisa kwaitonga nzvimbo dzevasungwa, marwadzo, kusaruramisira... kwakagomadza hana dzavo nemwoyo yavo.
Mwero wokushaikwa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri wavakaratidza wakanga usina kujeka. Vaibvumirwa kudya kamwe chete pazuva., uye zvakanga zvisiri zvokudya zvakakura, tisingatauri kuti kuruma kumwe nokumwe kwaiva kuseka kwakashata: chaiva chimedu chechingwa nemvura yesobho, izvo zvisina kuvabetsera kuramba vakasimba mukati me“mazuva avo okushanda.”
Mamiriro ezvinhu iwayo akaderedzawo chido chake chepabonde. Izvi hazvina kana kuzviratidza muzviroto zvavo, nekuti chavaingofunga yaive nzira yekuti vararame.
Chikamu chechitatu: Mushure mekusununguka
Mujeri, Viktor Frankl akagumisa kuti, kuti ndipukunyuke kutambura kwakadzama kwakadaro seuyo wavakaoneswa zvakanga zvakakodzera kuverenga nezvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha: rudo, chinangwa uye isingachinjiki chivimbo nezve sei, kana iwe usingakwanise kushandura mamiriro, iwe unofanirwa kuzvishandura iwe pachako. Mushure mekusunungurwa kwake, chiremba wepfungwa akatanga kuongorora psychology yemusungwa akasunungurwa.
Pakazosimudzwa mureza muchena pamasuo e misasa yevasungwa munhu wose akanga arasika. Havana kukwanisa kufara nekuti vaifunga kuti rusununguko irworwu rwaiva hope dzinonakidza dzavaigona kumuka chero nguva. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma vakachinjira kune imwe tsika zvakare. Pakutanga, vazhinji vakatanga kudzidzira chisimba, kusvikira vaona kuti pakanga pasisina chokutya.
Nezve munyori, Viktor Emil Frankl
Viktor kutaura chokwadi
Viktor Emil Frankl akaberekwa muna 1905 muVienna, Austria. Akakurira mumhuri yechiJudha. Munguva yake payunivhesiti akapinda mumapoka emasocialist, uye akatanga kuratidza kufarira pfungwa dzevanhu. Kuda uku kwakamuita kuti adzidze paFaculty of Medicine paYunivhesiti yeVienna., kwaakawanawo nyanzvi mbiri, imwe yepfungwa uye imwe yetsinga. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, akashanda paVienna General Hospital.
Akashanda ikoko kubva muna 1933 kusvika muna 1940. Kubva mugore iroro rakapera akaisa hofisi yake pachake, panguva imwe chete achitungamirira dhipatimendi reurology paRothschild Hospital. Nekudaro, hazvina kutora nguva refu chijana chake chisati chatora shanduko isingatarisirwe: Muna 1942, chiremba wacho akaendeswa kumusasa wevasungwa weTheresienstadt pamwe chete nomudzimai wake nevabereki. Muna 1945, paakapiwa rusununguko rwakanga rwakamirirwa kwenguva refu, akawana kuti vadiwa vake vose vakanga vafa.
Mamwe mabhuku naViktor Frankl
- Viktor Frankl, Kuvapo Kusingazivikanwe kwaMwari. Synthesis uye Mhinduro (1943);
- Psychoanalysis uye existentialism (1946);
- Pasinei nezvose, iti hungu kuupenyu (1948);
- Dzidziso uye kurapwa kweNeuroses: Nhanganyaya kune logotherapy uye existential kuongororwa (1956);
- Kuda kune zvinoreva: hurukuro dzakasarudzwa pane logotherapy (1969);
- Psychotherapy uye humanism (1978);
- Logotherapy uye existential kuongororwa (1987);
- Psychotherapy mukati mekusvika kwemunhu wese: Redhiyo makonferensi nezve psychic therapy (1989);
- Murume anotambura: Anthropological nheyo dze psychotherapy 2 (1992);
- Takatarisana nevapoid void (1994);
- Izvo zvisina kunyorwa mumabhuku angu: memoirs (1997).