Platero neni.
Platero neni Icho chimwe chezvakanyanya kujeka nziyo zvidimbu zvakanyorwa muSpanish. Basa raJosé Ramón JiménezKune zvitsauko zana nemakumi matatu neshanu zvine rangano rinotenderedza kutenderera kwevadiki vemuAndalusia mune dhongi rine hushamwari uye rinotaura. Mavhesi ake anotsanangura manzwiro, nharaunda, zviitiko uye maitiro akajairwa enharaunda yekumaruwa yeSpain pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri.
Kunyange hazvo vazhinji vachizvitora senge nhoroondo yehupenyu - uye, zvirokwazvo, eChinyorwa ichi chine zvimwe zvezviitiko zvake-, Jiménez akajekesa kanoverengeka kuti haizi yedhitaina "yekufungidzira". Asi manzwiro ari pachena uye akasimbiswazve nemunyori rudo rwunoratidzwa kune yake nyika yekuzvarwa.
Munyori
Juan Ramón Jiménez ndomumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira veIberia vehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Akazvarwa muMoguer, ruwa rweHuelva, Spain, musi waZvita 23, 1881. Ikoko akadzidza dzidzo yepuraimari nesekondari. Akabva atamira kuPuerto de Santa María, muCádiz, kwaakatora Bachelor of Arts degree kubva kuchikoro cheSan Luis Gonzaga.
Zvechidiki uye zvekutanga zvinyorwa
Nekumisikidzwa kwevabereki, akadzidza Mutemo kuYunivhesiti yeSeville, asi akasiya chikoro asati apedza degree rake. Muguta guru reAndalusia, Pakati pemakore mashanu ekupedzisira ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, akatenda kuti akawana hunyanzvi hwekudhirowa. Kunyangwe raive basa rinonakidza, akakurumidza kunzwisisa kuti kugona kwake chaiko kuri mumazwi.
Naizvozvo Akakurumidza kudzoreredza kwake uye akatanga kurima nhetembo mumapepanhau akasiyana muSeville neHuelva.. Nekupinda kwema1900, akatamira kuMadrid, guta raakakwanisa kutsikisa mabhuku ake maviri ekutanga: Nymphaeas y Mweya yeViolet.
Kushungurudzika
Kuora kwake mukati mevanyori vekuSpanish kwakaratidza kutanga kwebasa rakajeka, korona nekutora kweNobel Prize yeMabhuku muna 1956. Zvisinei, nhanho dzake dzekutanga dzakanangana nekubwinya dzakaratidzirwa nekuramba uchirwisa kushushikana. Chirwere ichi chakamuperekedza kwemazuva ake ese ... uye pakupedzisira chakamuendesa kuguva muna 1958.
Rufu rwababa vake muna 1901 rwakakonzera kekutanga muhondo zhinji kurwisa kutambudzika uku. Akavharirwa muzvipatara zvechinguvana, kutanga muBordeaux uyezve kuMadrid. Rufu rwemukadzi wake muna 1956 yaive yekupedzisira kurohwa. Rufu rwemumwe wake rwakaitika mazuva matatu chete mushure mekuburitswa kwenhau dzekuzivikanwa kwebasa rake neSweden Academy.
Nezve izvi, Javier Andrés García akataura zvinotevera mubhuku rake rezvechiremba ku UMU (2017, Spain):
«Kubva kuongororo yakaitwa isu tasvika pamhedziso inotevera. Chekutanga, kuti zvinokwanisika kuti uzive zvakajairika maitiro eanoshamisa mune yakasarudzika nhanho-nhatu chikamu cheJuanramonia nhetembo yebasa. Uku kutsvaga kwaizove nehunhu hwakawanda hwehunhu, sezvo zvichiratidza huvepo hwekuvapo kwechikamu chakadzama chakabatana zvakanyanya nenjodzi yake. Chechipiri, kuti Juan Ramón Jiménez akatambura muhupenyu hwake hwese zviratidzo zvinowirirana nemelancholic kushushikana kwepfungwa, iyo inogona kuteverwa zvese mune yake autobiographical uye lyrical nyaya »...
Hondo yevagari vemo
Juan Ramon Jimenez.
Kufanana nevakawanda venguva yake, Jiménez aive akatsigira mudziviriri weRepublic. Nekudaro, nekukunda kwemauto anopandukira akatungamira Francisco Franco kutonga muna 1936, aifanira kutizira muhutapwa kununura hupenyu hwake. Haana kuzombodzokera kuSpain; Akagara muWashington, Havana, Miami uye Riverdale, kudzamara azogara muSan Juan, Puerto Rico.
Platero neni: shanduko yemunyori mukuru
Kunze kwekuve chidimbu chemifananidzo yeCastilian mabhuku, Platero neni inomiririra pamberi uye shure mukati medetembo raJiménez. Zvakanaka, akatama kubva kune yakajairwa yazvino manyorerwo - uko mafomu akaumbwa pamusoro pemanzwiro - akananga kunyorwa uko zvemukati zvinopa mukurumbira kuzviitiko zvechokwadi nemanzwiro.
Munyori iye pachake, mune rimwe remapeji ekupedzisira, anozivisa shanduko iyi pachena. Kushandisa dimikira reizvi, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mune rese basa: "Mufaro wakadii iwo unofanirwa kunge uri kubhururuka seizvi!" (kunge shavishavi). "Zvichava sezvazviri kwandiri, nyanduri wechokwadi, kunakidzwa kwendima" (...) "Tarisa kwaari, zvinofadza sei kubhururuka seizvi, yakachena uye isina marara!".
Chirevo chacho kuzere
Pamwe chete nedimikira, imwe ye "nzira" dzakashandiswa nanyanduri kuumba mitsara yake uye kubata ruzhinji zvaive zvipikisheni zvesimbi. Izvi zvakapa marongero ake ruzivo rwakanyanya rweminiti. Naizvozvo, Kunyangwe ivo vasina hanya zvakanyanya vevaverengi vane dambudziko shoma rekuzviona ivo chaipo pakati penzvimbo dzekumaruwa dze1900 Andalusia..
Quote naJuan Ramón Jiménez.
Kuwanda kwakadai kwekutsanangudza kunoonekwa muchikamu chinotevera chemitsetse yekutanga: “Platero idiki, ine mvere, yakapfava; yakapfava zvekunze, zvekuti inoita kunge yakagadzirwa nedonje, isina mapfupa. Magirazi ejeti chete emeso ake akaomarara semabhuru madema egirazi ”(…)“ Iye akapfava uye akagwinya semukomana, musikana…, asi akaoma uye akasimba mukati sedombo ”.
Nyaya yevana (ino isiri nyaya yevana)
Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
Kubva zvayakaburitswa muna 1914, Platero neni yakatorwa neruzhinji senyaya yevana. Nekudaro, Jiménez iye nekukurumidza akauya neshoko iro. Kunyanya, mudetembi weAndalusi akajekesa muzvinyorwa zvekutanga chechipiri. Panyaya iyi, anonongedza:
“Zvinowanzo davirwa kuti ndakanyora Platero uye ini yevana, rinova bhuku revana. Kwete (…) Iri bhuku pfupi, rine mufaro nekusuwa mapatya, senge nzeve dzaPlatero, rakanyorerwa… chii chandinoziva kunaani! (…) Zvino zvaanoenda kuvana, ini handisi kuisa kana kubvisa comma kubva kwaari. Zvakanaka sei! (…) Handina kumbobvira ndanyora kana kunyora chero chinhu chevana, nekuti ndinotenda kuti vana vanogona kuverenga mabhuku anoverengwa nevarume, nezvimwe zvakasarudzika zvatinofunga isu tese. Kuchavewo nekusiyana kwevarume nevakadzi, nezvimwe.
Zveupenyu nerufu
Hupenyu hwakazara, hwakanaka uye hwakajeka, hwakatorwa nemunyori kuburikidza nemavara uye kudziya kwezhizha kuronga kutanga kwebasa rake. Zvino, kuvandudzwa kwechinyorwa hakutakure nhevedzano yezviitiko, kunyangwe zviri pachena kuti nguva inoenda kumberi sechikamu chemhedzisiro isingaperi. Kupera kwerwendo urwu - kuvhara kwaro, kunyura kwezuva - kunomiririrwa nematsutso uye nguva yechando.
Asi hupenyu haupere kunyangwe nerufu. Kuguma - kunovimbiswa nemunyori kuti hakuzoitika naPlatero - kunouya nekukanganwa. Chero bedzi ndangariro dzichiri kurarama, ruva idzva rinomuka uye kumera pasi. Uye pamwe nayo, chitubu chinodzoka.