Zvakataurwa naCamilo José Celá
Camilo José Cela ndomumwe wevanyori veSpanish vakashongedzwa kwazvo vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye mufananidzo unofananidzira mumabhuku epashure pehondo. Akahwina mubairo weNobel weLiterature, ane mbiri A Coruña akagamuchira mubairo wakadaro nekuda kwekunakisa prose kunoonekwa mune mazhinji emabasa ake. Pakati pavo, Mhuri yaPascal Duarte (1942) inomiririra zita risinganzvengeki nekuda kwekupfuura kwayo.
Iri bhuku rinoonekwa sekutanga re "tremendismo", rondedzero yemaitiro inoratidzwa nekutsanangura mifananidzo isina kunaka. kuburikidza nemutauro wakakasharara uye pasina mamiriro ezvikonzero. Kunyanya, nyaya yechisimba yaPascal Duarte inoitwa nemurimi anobva kuExtremadura anopara mhosva dzakati wandei uye anofanira kumiswa pamberi pedare.
Pfupiso ye Mhuri yaPascal Duarte
Kutanga nzira
Pascal - munyori wekutanga- anotanga kutaridzika kwake nekuzviratidza semurombo ane makore makumi mashanu neshanu, chizvarwa cheTorremejía, musha uri pedyo neBadajoz. Nomutoo unobudirira, anopa udzame pamusoro petaundi rokumusha kwake uye kuti baba vake, mbavha, vaimurova sei naamai vake. Nenzira imwecheteyo, amai vake vakava nechisimba pavakanwa, saka protagonist akasarudza kusiya.
Muzvitsauko zvinotevera, munyori anotsanangura vamwe vatambi. Kutanga, anotaura nezvaRosario, mumwe wechiduku aiva chidhakwa akatiza pamba achienda kuguta reAlmendralejo. Ikoko, akazova shamwari yemurume akanaka ane utsinye anonzi "El Estrao", uyo Duarte akaitirana nharo pamusoro pemusikana. Ipapo, anorondedzera zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvazvino (uye zvinokangaidza) zvoupenyu hwezuva nezuva mumaruwa iwayo.
Pakati pekubvunzurudzwa uye ndangariro
Munyori anoita mavhiki maviri asina kunyora nokuda kwenguva yakatsaurirwa kumibvunzo yaunofanira kupindura pamberi pevachuchisi. Asati ambotaura nezvemanomano aakanyorera kuti agare nemukadzi wake wemunguva yemberi, Lola. Panguva iyoyo, anofungidzira kuti zuva rake raizova rakaita sei mucorral kana mugero umo aiwanzoredza, panzvimbo yejeri kwaanenge ari.
Panguva ino, Pascal anoziva kuti haana nguva yakawanda yasara. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, anoyeuka neshungu kufambidzana kwake naLola, pamwe chete nemimba yake yakatevera iyo yakaguma yaita kuti imba yake iwedzere. Tevere, anotsanangura ins uye kubuda kwemuchato wake nemuchato unotevera muMérida.. Panguva iyi akambosangana nedambudziko nekuti mboro yaaikwira yakarova chembere.
Murume ane banga
Achidzokera kuTorremejía, Pascal akaramba achinwa neshamwari dzake mune imwe tavern iye achiendesa Lola kumba. mu tavern, Duarte anopomerwa mhosva yembavha nemunhu waanoziva, nekudaro, protagonist akabaya mucheri katatu. asati aenda neshamwari dzake kumba kwake. Paakasvika kumba, Doña Engracia akamugamuchira nemashoko okubvisa pamuviri kwakanga kwaitwa nomudzimai wake.
Nhamo yakaitika nekuti mukadzi akakandwa nemboro, nokudaro, Pascal akauraya equine nemapanga. Mushure megore, Lola akava nepamuviri zvakare; pamwedzi mipfumbamwe mwana akaberekwa uyo akabhapatidzwa nezita rababa. Asi mhepo yakaipa yakakonzera kufa kwemucheche paakanga achangosvitsa mwedzi gumi neimwe.
mhirizhonga inoenderera mberi
Duarte akapedza mwaka akati wandei akanyura mukusuwa kwakakwana uye kusingadzoreki. Zvakatoita kuti zvinhu zvitonyanya kuipa, amai vake nemudzimai wavo vaigara vachingomunyunyutira. Parizvino, Pascal anomira kunyora kwemwedzi wese sezvaanopinda mumamiriro ekufungisisa enyika kubva muchitokisi chake. Pakupedzisira, anosarudza kutora quill zvakare mushure mekureurura.
Mitsara yake mitsva inoyeuka paakatora chitima kuenda kuMadrid, kwaakashanda mazuva gumi nemashanu. Pashure penguva iyoyo, akaenda kuLa Coruña nechinangwa chokukwira chikepe chaienda kuAmerica. Zvisinei, haana kukwanisa kukwira nokuti akanga asina mari yakakwana uye akasarudza kudzokera kumusha.
Magumo anokatyamadza
Asvika kumba, mudzimai wake anomubudira pachena kuti ane pamuviri pemumwe murume.. Pascal, akashatirwa, anoomerera kuti areurure zita remhombwe. Pakupedzisira, anotaura nezve "kutambanudza" masekondi asati awira mumaoko aDuarte akafa. Nenzira iyoyo, protagonist anotanga kutandanisa kwenguva refu wemurwi wemombe kusvikira ariwana ndokumuuraya.
Nekuda kwekuuraya Pascal akashanda makore matatu mujeri (chaizvoizvo, akanga atongerwa makumi maviri nemasere). Sezvavanoenda, Rosario anomuudza kuti Esperanza -Munun'una wake- ari murudo naye.
Iye nemusikana wacho vanova zvikomba voroorana, asi amai vaDuarte vanoramba vachiita kuti kuvapo kwake kuve diki diki. Panguva iyoyo, protagonist anonzwisisa kuti anofanira kuuraya amai vake kuti agare murugare.
Biography yemunyori, Camilo José Cela
Musi waMay 11, 1916 akaberekwa Camilo Jose Cela uye Trulock, muparamende yeIria Flavia, nguva yePadrón, La Coruña, Spain. Aive dangwe pavanakomana vaviri vemuchato pakati paCamilo Crisanto Cela naFernández, naCamila Emanuela Trulock. uye Bertorini (amai vake vaiva nemadzitateguru eBritain neItaly).
pwere inopandukira
Muna 1925, mhuri yeCela Trulock yakatamira kuMadrid. Muguta guru, Camilo muduku akanyoreswa muchikoro cheEscolapios uye akaratidza kuva mudzidzi anoshingaira. Asi zvakare akaita zviito zvakakomba zvokusaranga; Kutanga, akadzingwa basa nokuda kwokukanda kambasi kumudzidzisi. Mushure memakore mashoma, akaronga kuramwa mabasa pachikoro cheChamberí Marist uye akadzingwazve.
Chirwere chetibhii chete chakakonzera kumukira kwemunyori weramangwana. Muna 1931 akagamuchirwa kuGuadarrama sanatorium kuti arape chirwere chake. Akatora mukana weiyi nguva yakavanzika kuverenga nekushingaira nekunyora (zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvinoonekwa mukati rest pavilion (1944). Muna 1934, akakwanisa kupasa bvunzo dzechikoro chepamusoro paSan Isidro Institute nekuda kwerutsigiro rwevadzidzisi vakazvimirira.
Kutanga mabhuku uye kutora chikamu muHondo Yenyika
Camilo Jose Cela
Cela akadzidza mushonga pakati pa1934 na1936; newewo, Akanga ari muteereri mumakirasi emabhuku emudetembi Pedro Salinas. Panguva iyoyo, munyori wechidiki akabudisa zvidimbu zvakawanda zvenhetembo. Zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa izvozvo zvaive chikamu che Kutsika-tsika chiedza chakakanganisika chezuva (1945). Pakatanga Hondo Yenyika (Chikunguru 1936 - Kubvumbi 1939), Camilo aive muguta guru.
VaCoruñés, vezvavaidavira zvakasimba, vakatamira kudivi revapanduki, vakanyoreswa, vakaenda kuhondo uye vakakuvadzwa muLogroño. Makore matatu mushure mekupera kwehondo yehondo, kubudiswa kwe Mhuri yaPascal Duarte y Rakava bhuku rinokatyamadza zvikuru renguva yacho.
Wanano nechinzvimbo chezvematongerwo enyika
Cela akaroora pakati pa1944 na1990 naMaría Rosario Conde Picavea.; naye aive nemwanakomana wake mumwe chete, Camilo José (1946). Gare gare, muna 1991, akaroora Marina Castaño López; vaviri vacho vakaramba vari pamwe chete kusvika pakufa kwemunyori muna Ndira 17, 2002. Zvichakadaro, Cela akachengetedza chinzvimbo chiri pedyo nehutongi hweFranco ndokugara muPalma de Mallorca kubva kuma1950.
Mukuwedzera, akauya kuzoshanyira humwe udzvinyiriri—hwakadai souyo waMarcos Pérez Jiménez muVenezuela, somuenzaniso—uye akatungamirira Spain-Israel Friendship Society (1970). Uyezve, aive mubatsiri weEditorial Alfaguara (1964), akazova nhengo yeRoyal Academy uye akagamuchira mbiri dzakawanda. Pakati pavo:
- Mubairo weNyika weKurondedzera (1984);
- Sant Jordi Mubairo weTsamba (1986);
- Muchinda weAsturias Mubairo weTsamba (1987);
- Mubayiro weNobel muMabhuku (1989);
- Mariano de Cavia Mubairo weJournalism (1992);
- Planet Award (1994);
- Cervantes Prize (1995).
Mazhinji mabhuku akatanhamara aCamilo José Cela
Pose, Cela akaburitsa zvinyorwa gumi nemana, nyaya diki makumi mana nemanoveli, mabhuku gumi nematatu ekufambisa, gumi enhetembo anthologies uye anopfuura makumi mana zvinyorwa zvakasiyana. pakati pezvinyorwa, zvinyorwa, mitambo, memoirs, zvinyorwa zvemafirimu nemaduramazwi. Pakati pavo, Mukoko wenyuchi (1951) inonzi inyanzvi yake. Zvinotaurwa pazasi ndezvimwe zvakakosha zvakaburitswa mukati mebasa rakakura remunyori weSpanish:
- rwendo kuenda kuAlcarria (1948), bhuku rekufamba;
- Cadwell anotaura nemwanakomana wake (1953), epistolary novel;
- iyo catira (1955), novel;
- Windmill (1956), nyaya pfupi;
- Ndangariro, kunzwisisa uye zvido (1993), nhoroondo yehupenyu hwehupenyu.