Mufananidzo waAntonio Machado.
Antonio Machado Ruíz aive Sevillian ane tarenda risingatsanangurike, nhetembo yake yaive chikamu chechizvarwa cha1898 kuSpain. Nyanduri uyu akaberekwa muna Chikunguru 26, 1875, mukoma waManuel Machado, zvakare nyanduri waaive naye kusvika pazuva rekufa kwake muCollioure, France muna Kukadzi 22, 1939.
Hupenyu hweyunivhesiti hwaAntonio hwakaratidzirwa nekufurira kwevamwe vadzidzisi vake, vaakachengetera rudo rukuru nerudo. Zvisinei, munyori haana kumbonzwa kugadzikana mukoreji kana kuchikoro; Muhupenyu hwake akabvuma kuti: "Handina kana pekutarisisa kunze kwekuvenga kukuru zvese zvedzidzo."
Hwake hudiki uye nhetembo dzaMachado
Antonio akabata mumabasa ake ndangariro dzehudiki hwake, mafambiro ake, rudo uye zviitiko, imwe yacho yaive "Yekurangarira Kwevacheche", kubva mune rimwe remabhuku ake enhetembo. Munguva yemakore ekutanga ehupenyu hwake mudiki Machado akararama nguva dzakasarudzika dzaakafira kuburikidza nekunyoraPakati peizvi pane chimiro chababa vake vaimbove muhofisi yake, nenzvimbo dzaaishanya mumazuva ake asina mhaka.
Mabasa ake ekutanga
Nhetembo zvinoitika zvechimanjemanje ndizvo zvakaratidza basa remunyori. Mukutanga kwayo Antonio Machado ainyora nenzira isinganzwisisike uye yakanatsiridzwa. Solitudes, muunganidzwa wenhetembo wakabudiswa muna 1903, wakazivisa tarenda raive naAntonio.
Minda yeCastile ibhuku renhetembo rakaburitswa muna 1912, panoratidzirwa hunhu hwenyika idzodzo, dzichirondedzera chokwadi chinosuwisa. Zviripachena Machado yakaratidza manzwiro ake kuSpain, kurwadziwa kwekufa kwemukadzi wake uye zvishuwo zvaaifanira kuenda kumberi, sezvo yakamutsa tariro muzvakawanda zvezvinyorwa.
Mumwe munyori, mafambiro matatu
Hunhu hwemazuva ano hwaive pachena: kugona, kushushikana uye mutauro wehuremu uye wakatanhamara kune iwo madiki madiki akaitirwa, aive akakosha kumunyori. Pakutanga kwehupenyu hwaAntonio Machado semunyori paive nhetembo dzakabatana nesangano iri, senge Solitudes, maberere uye dzimwe nhetembo (1919).
Akabata kudanana uye kufunga kwake kwakadzama, achitora nenziyo dzakanyatso zadzisa runako rwezvakatipoteredza nekusviba kwaro.. Nostalgia, mavambo uye utopia hunhu hweiyi nzira yekunyora uye yaivewo hwaro hwekupa kumwe kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvaMachado; rakafuridzirwa neSpain uye rudo rwemukadzi wake, Leonor.
Symbolism uye yayo mibvunzo nezve kuvapo yakatonga zvakare. Achishandisa zviwanikwa senge synesthesia, akaedza kuchengetedza mimhanzi mundima dzake. Machado aive padyo neichi chimiro, saka zvakawanda zvaakanyora zvakaratidza kushamwaridzana kwake uye zvinogona kuverengerwa zvine mutsindo.
Rudo rwehupenyu hwake
Aive mudzidzisi kwenguva muSoria, uye ipapo, muna 1907, akasangana nerudo rwehupenyu hwake, Izvi zvaive Leonor Izquierdo, mudzidzi wechidiki makore gumi nemapfumbamwe junior wake. Makore maviri mushure mekunge vadanana, Machado naIzquierdo vakaroora; zvisinei, muna 1912, mukadzi wechidiki akafa nechirwere chetibhii.
Antonio akatsaurira kwaari nhetembo dzinoverengeka kwaari, panguva yekurwara, panguva yekufa uye shure kwayo. "Kune yakaoma elm" yaive nhetembo mairi yaaishuwira Leonor kuti avandudze hutano hwake uye mu "A José María Palacio" akamurangarira padyo nenzvimbo paanga achizorora uye akateterera imwe yeshamwari dzake kuti amukudze nekumuunza maruva.
Ichechi, sekureva kwaMachado
Antonio Machado aifunga zvakadzama, manzwiro ake uye nzwisiso zvaiwanzo pfuura izvo zvevanyori vemazuva iwayo. Aive murume akabvunza, ainzwa pamberi penguva yake, haana kubvumirana nezvisungo kana dzidziso, izvo zvakakonzera kuti basa rake rive nemhando yakasarudzika.
Kwemazana emakore chechi yanga iine mitemo iyo vakatendeka vanofanirwa kutevedzera kuve yavo uye Machado haana kuitendera, kunyangwe kutenda kwake kwaive muna Mwari. Sekureva kwemunyori, kutsanya, penances nevamwe zvisungo izvo Mufundisi anofanirwa kutevedzera zvaisangova nzira dzekudzidzisa vanhu; zvisinei, mu "Profession of Faith" akaratidzira rudo rukuru rwaakanzwa kuMusiki.
Nhetembo dzaAntonio Machado
Heino muenzaniso weanonyanya kumiririra nhetembo dzaAlexander Machado:
Kune yakaoma elm
Kune iyo yekare elm, yakakamurwa nemheni
uye muhafu yayo yakaora,
nemvura yaApril uye zuva raMay
mamwe mashizha akasvibira abuda.
Zana ramakore zana elm pachikomo
iyo inonanzva iyo Duero! Moss
yero
inoshatisa kuchena kwakachena
kune hunde yakaora uye ine guruva ...
Chidimbu cheimwe yenhetembo dzaAntonio Machado.
Hupenyu hwangu huri riini ...
Kana huri hupenyu hwangu
zvese zvakajeka uye zvakajeka
kunge rwizi rwakanaka
vachimhanya vachifara
kugungwa,
kugungwa risingazivikanwe
izvo zvinomirira
rizere nezuva nerwiyo.
Uye painomera mukati mangu
moyo chitubu
uchava iwe, hupenyu hwangu,
kukurudzira
yenhetembo yangu nyowani ...
Nhetembo
Uye mumweya wose pane bato rimwe chete
iwe unongoziva chete, maruva mumvuri rudo,
hwema hwehope, uyezve… hapana; tatters,
rancor, uzivi.
Yakaputsika mugirazi yako idyll yako yakanakisa,
Ndokufuratira hupenyu,
Unofanira kunge uri munamato wako wemangwanani:
O, kuturikwa, zuva rakanaka!
Ndarota kuti wakanditora
Ndarota kuti wakanditora
pasi munzira chena,
pakati pemunda wegirini,
kuenda kubhuruu remakomo,
takananga kumakomo ebhuruu,
mangwanani ane rugare ...
Vaive izwi rako neruoko rwako,
muzviroto, ichokwadi! ...
Rarama tariro ndiani anoziva
zvinomedzwa nenyika!
Spain yaMachado
Sevillian aive nerudo rukuru nenyika yake, nekuti izvi akakumikidza dzimwe nhetembo dze Minda yeCastile. Zvisinei, Antonio akataura kusagutsikana kwake nekusasimukira kwenzvimbo dzekumaruwa. Munyori akataura nezvekushomeka kwemazano kubva kudivi rehurumende kuita kuti nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzishanduke uye kufambira mberi kwavo kuve padanho rakafanana neromumaguta.
Panguva iyoyo vanhu veSpain vaigara kumaruwa vaimboomerera kumidzi yavo. Vazhinji vevagari ava havana kufunga nezano rekushandura hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva, ndiko kuti, mukuwedzera kune vezvematongerwo enyika vasina kubatsira, vagari vacho havana kufarira kuchinja. Machado akasimbisa kuti kushomeka kweushingi uye chishuwo chekuenda kumberi ndiwo matambudziko makuru munharaunda yerudzi rwake.
Antonio Machado mukukwegura kwake.
Nhaka yake
Masangano kutenderera pasirese, senge Hispanic Institute muUnited States, akapa Machado kuzivikanwa kwakakodzera. Chii chimwe, mabasa ake akashandurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvemimhanzi naManuel Serrat, muimbi-munyori wenziyo akaburitsa dambarefu rine zita Yakatsaurirwa kuna Antonio Machado, uko kunyorwa kweSevillian kunouya kuhupenyu. Kwete pasina kana iye ari nyanduri pakati pe vadetembi vakuru vemabhuku.
Antonio Machado aive murume aive akajeka nezve chikonzero chenhetembo dzake, Aiziva matauriro aanotenda, zvisingaenderane nezvakaitika muhupenyu nenzira yakasarudzika uye yakatendeka. Kunyangwe akararama panguva yaive nekufungira zvisizvo kwakawanda, aisatya kutaura chokwadi chake nekunzwisisa kunyika, zvichikonzera nhetembo dzakadai sekuti: "Hupenyu hwangu huri riini", "Zvichida", "Nyanduri hunyanzvi" uye "Ini ndarota kuti wanga uchinditora ”.