Edgar Allan Poe akatorwa.
Kutaura nezve nyaya dzaEdgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849) kuongorora basa remumwe wevanyori vasingafi vezvinyorwa zvechiRungu. Kunyangwe hazvo akafa achiri mudiki — aine makore makumi mana — akakwanisa kutsikisa nyaya makumi maviri nenhanhatu, nhetembo makumi matatu nembiri, zvinyorwa zvipfumbamwe zvinotsoropodza, uye novel. Pakati peavo, zvakavanzika zvake zvipfupi uye nyaya dzinotyisa dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa.
Uyewo, munyori weBostonian anoonekwa seanofanotungamira emhando mbiri dzerondedzero: bhuku rehutsotsi uye sainzi ngano novel. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hazvibviri kutiza pesvedzero yaPoe kune vasingaverengeki vanyori vekupedzisira uye maartist. Muchokwadi, pesvedzero yake pane yakakurumbira tsika (kunyanya palpable mune archetype yemutikitivha wemazuva ano) inoenderera nanhasi.
Muchidimbu chenyaya shanu dzechiratidzo naEdgar Allan Poe
"Hope"
Kurota -zita rekutanga muChirungu- yaive nyaya yekutanga kuburitswa nemunyori wekuNorth America, uyo akasaina ne "P" yakapfava. Nyaya inotakurwa nemunyori wekutanga anosangana nemamiriro akavhengana ekumuka nekurota. pamwe chete nenguva dzechiedza netariro. Zvizhinji zvezviroto zve protagonist zvakasviba, vamwe vakanaka kwazvo, asi hapana chimwe chazvo chisinganzwisisiki kwaari.
Mukufanana, munyori anonzwa kusagadzikana nehupenyu hwake chaihwo, umo anotakura kusava netariro kuri pachena uye kunamatira kune chepfu kune yakapfuura.. Anongofara apo anenge akamuka apo kupenya kunomutungamirira kune manzwiro akanaka uye akachena. Pakupedzisira, mukurukuri anopa revo huru kuzviono izvozvo zvemasikati zvinopenya kupfuura kuchiedza chamangwanani pashure pezviroto zvousiku.
"Mhosva dzeMorgue Street"
Mhondi muRue Morgue Icho chinyorwa chehwaro chemhando yematsotsi. Chikonzero: Auguste Dupin, wekutanga mutikitivha wemazuva ano mungano, anounzwa kekutanga munyaya iyi. Saizvozvowo, uyu hunhu ndiyo yekutanga prototype yemutsvagiri zvichibva pakuongorora zvine musoro uye kutsvagisa kwesainzi kwekugadziriswa kwenyaya.
Nyaya yakanangana nekupondwa kwoutsinye kwevakadzi vaviri vaive mukamuri rakakiiwa. Ipapo Dupin anotanga kuita chiito kana mumwe munhu ari padyo naye akagadzirirwa mhondi. Kuti ugadzirise chakavanzika, zvakakosha kutsanangura kuti mutadzi akapukunyuka sei, kuziva kwakabva mhirizhonga yakawanda uye kutsanangura izwi risinganzwisisiki mumutauro wekunze izvo zvapupu zvakavhiringidzika zvakanzwa.
"Chakavanzika chaMarie Rogêt"
Chakavanzika chaMarie Roget inomiririra kutaridzika kwechipiri kwaAuguste Dupin (wechitatu uye wekupedzisira aive mu "The Purloined Letter"). Chirongwa chinotanga muna 1841 nekuwanikwa kwemutumbi waMary Rogers —musikana akanaka anosanozivikanwa aishanda muchitoro chefodya— parwizi hudson. Rufu urwu rwunomutsa kufarira kweveruzhinji pamwe nekubuda kwedzidziso dzakasiyana, makuhwa uye kunyangwe kupupura kwenhema.
Uyezve, kuzviuraya kwechikomba chaMary kunowedzera fungidziro. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, Dupin inotungamira muverengi neruoko mukuvakazve kwakadzama kwemhondi, kubva pakurongwa kwembatya dzemunhu anenge abirwa kusvika pakutakurwa kuenda kurwizi. Nechikonzero ichi, vamwe vadzidzi vanozivisa mune iyi nyaya zvinangwa zviviri: zvine hungwaru uye zvekudzidzisa.
"Black Cat"
Pakutanga, mutambi wacho—mujeri—anotaura kuti ane pfungwa dzakanaka paanotsanangura kuti kuvapo kwake kwakawedzera sei mumoto. Saizvozvowo, chimiro ichi chinoti mudiwa wemhuka kubva pauduku (chido chakagoverwa nemudzimai wake). Nekuda kweizvozvo, iye nemumwe wake vaive nemusha wakazara nemhuka, pakati payo pakanga paine katsi nhema yakangwara yainzi Pluto.
Zvisinei, paakanwa doro akatanga kuita zvehasha kumudiwa wake uye mhuka dzinovaraidza. The vice akabatikana murume nehadzi ndokutanga kukahadzika zvese zvakamukomberedza. Nenzira iyi, chiitiko chinowedzera rima chinogadziriswa chinotungamira kumhedzisiro yekusimudza bvudzi.
"The Tell-Tale Moyo"
Iyo Taura-Tale Moyo anotevera munyori asingazivikanwe uye asingavimbike anoomerera pahungwaru hwake kunyangwe achangobva kuuraya harahwa ne "ziso regora". Yakanga iri mhondi isina ushamwari; Mushure mekuipedza, protagonist akabvarura muviri kuita zvidimbu uye akavanza zvidimbu pasi pemapuranga epasi.
Zvisineyi, mhosva inokonzeresa kuti munyori azvipe nekuda kwekuona zvisipo; Zvinonzi, mhondi inogona kunzwa kurova kwemwoyo wemufi. Uyezve, Ukama huri pakati pevakabatwa nemuiti wezvakaipa hahuna kumbojekeswa, uyewo zvinoreva ziso rechienzi. Mukupesana, udzame hwoutsotsi hunoratidzirwa zvizere.
Nezve munyori, Edgar Allan Poe
Kuzvarwa uye hudiki
Edgar Allan Poe.
MuBoston, Massachusetts, neChina, Ndira 9, 1809, Edgar Allan Poe akaberekwa. Akanga ari gotwe pavana vatatu vakazvarwa naDavid Poe Jr. kubva kuBaltimore naElizabeth Arnold Poe vekuBritain (vose vaiva vatambi). Saizvozvo, nyanduri haana kumboziva vabereki vakezvakanaka baba vakabva pamba vachangozvarwa munyori uye amai vacho vakafa nechirwere cherurindi muna 1812.
Nechikonzero ichi, Edgar mudiki akapedza hudiki hwake hwose uye kuyaruka muRichmond, Virginia. ipapo uyeAkanga achidzidziswa naJohn Allan, mutengesi wefodya aibudirira, nomudzimai wake, Frances, waakaita chisungo chepedyo naye. Kune rimwe divi, hukama nemurairidzi wake hwakanga hwakaoma, sezvo aida kuti Poe aenderere mberi nebhizinesi remhuri kunyangwe kudanwa kwenhetembo kwaionekwa mumukomana uyu.
Zvidzidzo zveYunivhesiti, zvinyorwa zvekutanga uye ruzivo rwemauto
Mu 1826, Poe akatanga kuenda kuYunivhesiti yeVirginia, kwaakawana mamakisi akanaka. Asi haana kuwana mari yakakwana kubva kuna Allan—zvechokwadi, nyaya dzemari dzagara dzichikonzera kusawirirana pakati pemunyori nemurairidzi wake—kuti apedze zvidzidzo zvake. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, jaya retsamba rakatanga kubheja, asi rakaguma rave nechikwereti uye raifanira kudzokera kumba kwevadzidzisi vake.
MuVirginia, kudzoserwa kutsva kwakaitika: muvakidzani wake uye chikomba, Sarah Elmira Royster, akanga apfimbwa nemumwe. Ndapererwa, Poe akagara kwenguva pfupi muNorfolk asati asvika muBoston, kwaakaburitsa bhuku rake rekutanga: Tamerlane nedzimwe nhetembo (1827). Yakanga iri nguva yakaoma yemari kwaari; akatanga aedza kuwana chouviri kubva mukutora nhau ndokuzopinda muuto reUS.
muchato
Mukati memakore ekuma1930 Poe akashanda semutori wenhau uye mutsoropodzi pamwe chete nevavariro dzake dzakasimba dzekurarama nekunyora chete. Zvizhinji zvezvinyorwa zvake zvekunyora zvakabva 1835 nekuda kwerutsigiro rwemillionaire gentlemen saJohn P. Kennedy. Gore rimwe chetero akaroora muzukuru wake ane makore gumi nematatu, Virginia Eliza Clemm (kunyangwe rekodhi yakaratidza kuti aive 13).
Makore apfuura
Chaizvoizvo poe haana kumbodzikamisa mari yake; aigara achipindwa muropa nezvinodhaka (zvikurukuru udhakwa). Uyezve, apo mudzimai wake akafa nechirwere chetachiona muna 1847, vaviri vacho vakanga vanyura mukusagadzikana. Pakupedzisira, mushure mekuedza kwakawanda kusina kubudirira kuroorazve, nyanduri akafa musi wa 7 Gumiguru 1849 nezvikonzero zvisati zvanyatsojekeswa kusvika nhasi.
Nyaya dzese dzaEdgar Allan Poe
- "Chiroto", 1831
- Metzengerstein, 1832
- "Manyoro akawanikwa mubhodhoro", 1833
- "Mambo Denda", 1835
- Bernice, 1835
- Ligeia, 1838
- "Kuwa kweImba yaUsher", 1839
- William Wilson, 1839
- "Murume Weboka", 1840
- "Kudzika kuMaelström", 1841
- "Mhondi dzeRue Morgue", 1841
- "Masque of the Red Death", 1842
- "Gomba uye Pendulum, 1842
- "The Oval Portrait", 1842
- "The Golden Beetle", 1843
- "Chakavanzika chaMarie Rogêt", 1843
- "Black Cat", 1843
- "The Tell-Tale Mwoyo", 1843
- "The oblong bhokisi", 1844
- "The Purloined Tsamba", 1844
- "Kuvigwa Kusati Kwasvika", 1844
- "Dhimoni Rokukanganisa", 1845
- "Chokwadi pamusoro penyaya yaValdemar", 1845
- "System yaDr. Tarr naProfessor Fether", 1845
- "The Cask of Amontillado", 1846
- "Hop-Frog", 1849.